| 释义 |
▪ I. hazel1|ˈheɪz(ə)l|
Forms: 1 hæsel, hæsil, hæsl, æsil, 3 hasle, asele, 3–4 hesel, 4–6 hasil, 4–7 -ell(e, 4–8 hasel(e, 5 hesil(l, -yl(le, -elle, 5–6 hasill, 6 -ille, -yll(e, heasle, (Sc. hissill), 6–7 hazell, 6–8 hasle, 7 hassel, hassle, 7– hazel, hazle, (mod.Sc. heazle, heezle).
[OE. hæsel = MDu. hazel(are, Du. hazel(aar, LG. hassel, OHG. hasal masc., hasala fem. (MHG., mod.G. hasel f.), ON. hasl (Sw., Da. hassel):—OTeut. *hasalo-z:—pre-Teut. *kósolos = L. corulus, corylus, OIr. coll (:—*cosl). ON. had also hesli neut. (:—*hasili-) whence app. north. ME. hesel, hesyl, mod.Sc. heezle.]
1. a. A bush or small tree of the genus Corylus, having as its fruit a nut. The European species, C. Avellana, grows to a small tree; the North American species are C. Americana, a shrub forming dense thickets, and the Beaked or Cuckold Hazel, C. rostrata, found in Canada, etc.
There are other species, as the Constantinople hazel or Turkey hazel, C. Colurna, Japanese hazel, C. heterophylla.
a700Epinal Gloss. 236 Corylus, haesil [50 aesil]. a800Erfurt Gloss. 536 Corylus, haesl. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 96 Hæsles ragu, & holen rinde niþewearde. c1205Lay. 8697 Hasles [c 1275 aseles] þer greowen. a1307Thrush & Night. in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 50 Somer is comen with loue to toune..The note of hasel springeth. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love iii. vi. 5 If thou desire grapes thou goest not to the Hasell. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xviii. 83 It es lyke vnto þe floure of þe hesill, þat springes oute before þe lefes. c1440Promp. Parv. 238/1 Hesyl, tre, corulus. 1538Leland Itin. V. 67 The Place wher the Town was ys al over growen with Brambles, Hasylles, and lyke Shrubbes. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. lviii. 733 There be two sortes of Hasel or wood Nut trees. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. v. 4 Beneath the grateful Shade, Which Hazles, intermix'd with Elms, have made. 1769Home Fatal Disc. v, A dell, whose sloping sides are rough With thick-grown hazel. 1861Delamer Kitch. Gard. 153 The variegated and Purple Hazels are ornamental shrubs of some esteem.
b. The wood of this tree.
1480Caxton Descr. Brit. 54 Ther is a lake that torneth hasell in to asshe and asshe in to hasell. 1634Peacham Gentl. Exerc. xxi. 251, I leave it to their [Anglers'] owne discretion, whether to use either Haysell, or Cane. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 161 Hasle was the Material of which the Stakes were at first made.
c. A stick or rod of this wood.
1603Owen Pembrokesh. (1891) 276 The horsemens cudgell..to be a hasell. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, cxxxv, The Hassle soe will bend (A Rhabdomancie, was observ'd of old) Stretch'd on the Earth, vnto a Mine of Gold. 1686N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. iv. 71 Let the Angler fit himself with a Hazle of one piece or two set conveniently together. 1748Richardson Clarissa xxi. (1749) I. 144 Mr. Solmes..fell to gnawing the head of his hazel.
d. Short for hazel-nut.
1601Holland Pliny xv. xxii. (R.), As for other nuts, their meat is solide and compact, as we may see in filberds and hazels.
e. oil of hazel, a jocular name for an oil alleged to be contained in a green hazel rod, and to be the efficacious element in a sound drubbing; to anoint with oil of hazel, to drub with a hazel rod. So sap of hazel in the same sense: cf. hazel-oil, 4 c.
c1678Roxb. Ball. (1882) IV. 359 Take you the Oyl of Hazel strong; With it anoint her Body round.
2. Applied with qualification to other plants, as evergreen hazel, Guevina Avellana; Australian h., Pomaderris lanigera of N.S. Wales, P. apetala of Victoria; witch or wych hazel, q.v.
3. a. The reddish brown colour of a ripe hazel-nut. b. adj. Of this colour; used esp. of eyes.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 82 The different colours of the eye are the dark hazle, the light hazle, the green, the blue, the grey, the whitish grey. 1805T. Harral Scenes of Life I. 52 An eye..the index of an intelligent soul; it was a full, bright hazel. 1829Lytton Disowned 5 Of a light hazel in their colour.
b.1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. i. 22 Thou wilt quarrell with a man for cracking Nuts, hauing no other reason, but because thou hast hasell eyes. c1730Swift Dick, a Maggot 4 You know him by his hazel snout. 1743–51G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds 69 The Eye of a yellowish Hazel Colour. 1805Scott Last Minstr. vi. xix, O'er her white bosom stray'd her hazel hair. 1813― Rokeby iv. v, Her full dark eye of hazel hue. 1848Lytton Harold viii. ii, In the quick glance of his clear hazel eye.
4. a. attrib. and Comb., as hazel bank, hazel bavin, hazel bough, hazel bower, hazel-brush, hazel bush, hazel copse, hazel cover, hazel leaf, hazel rod, hazel staff, hazel stick, hazel twig, hazel wand, etc.; hazel-hooped, hazel-leaved adjs.
a1307Thrush & Night, 106 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 54 Fowel, thou sitest on hasel bou. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. (Camden) 22 (Promp.) It was lytelle as a hesylle styke. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. x. vii. (1886) 147 There must be made vpon a hazell wand three crosses. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 255 Kate like the hazle twig Is straight, and slender. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 1547 He's mounted on a hazel bavin. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1269 Close in the covert of a hazel copse. c1786T. Blaikie Diary of Scotch Gardener (1931) 205 They have had here the famous Charlatain Lebreton who pretends by means of a hazel rod to descover Springs..; he pretend[s] to be taken with a trembling and the rod to turn round upon his hands. 1822J. Woods 2 Yrs. Res. Eng. Prairie Illinois 206, I dug a piece of prairie-land to sow it on; part of it had some hazle-brush on it. 1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner (ed. 2) 59 Budge barrels..hazle hooped. 1855Tennyson Brook 171, I slide by hazel covers. 1858Hogg Veg. Kingd. 693 Hazel rods have been supposed to have magical properties, as it was of them that the divining-rod was formed. 1864Sowerby's Eng. Bot. III. 193 Hazel-leaved Bramble. 1880Encycl Brit. XI. 549/1 The virtue of the hazel wand was supposed to be dependent on its having two forks. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 282/2 Hazel rods. Thin rods of hazel are often used for the handles of smiths' tools..which have to be struck by a hammer. 1932F. L. Wright Autobiogr. i. 46 With scattered hazel-brush and trees.
b. From sense 3.
1769–74J. Granger Biogr. Hist. Eng. (R.), Cherry cheeked, hazel-eyed, brown haired. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 24 Black and hazle colour soils. 1806Forsyth Beauties Scotl. IV. 228 A deep hazel-coloured loam. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. v. 141 A dark hazel-eyed, slim-made, lively girl. 1891Mrs. Alexander Wom. Heart I. 3 Large hazel-brown eyes.
c. Special combs.: hazel carpet, a geometer moth, Cidaria corylata; hazel crottles, the lichen Sticta pulmonaria; hazel-fly, Phyllopertha horticola, also an artificial fly imitating it; hazel-hoe, ‘a grubbing hoe for working in brush and bushes’ (Knight Dict. Mech.); (see also quot. 1953); † hazel-mouse [Ger. haselmaus], the common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius); hazel-oil (humorous): see 1 e; hazel-rag, -raw = hazel crottles; † hazel-rise [cf. Ger. haselreis], a twig or bough of the hazel; hazel-rough (U.S.), a hazel copse; hazel-splitter U.S., a breed of pigs; hazel-wizard, a diviner by means of a hazel-twig; a water-finder; hazel-worm [Ger. haselwurm], the blind-worm (Maunder's Treas. Nat. Hist. 1854). Also hazel-grouse, etc.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 4) IV. 55 Lungwort. Hazel Rag, or *Hazel Crottles..On the trunks of old trees.
1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 117 The Welchman's Button, or *Hasle-Fly. 1883A. Ronalds Fly-Fisher's Entomol. (ed. 9) 104 Hazel Fly, Coch-A-Bondhu.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 391/2 *Hazel Hoes, weight, 3 pounds, length, 10 in... Hazel Hoe Handles. 1953Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. i. 75 s.v. Hoe. Hazel hoe, a fire trenching or digging tool, resembling a grub hoe but having a shorter, broader and lighter blade, a round or oval eye, and usually a straight pick-like head.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 423 Of the Nut-mouse, *Hasel-mouse, or Filbird-mouse..so called because they feed upon Hasel-nuts and Filbirds.
1825Jamieson, *Hazel-oil, a cant term, used to denote a drubbing. 1894Crockett Raiders 46 Ye shall suffer for this, if there's hazel oil in Dumfries.
1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Pulmonaria, after some lungeworte: after other *hasel ragge.
1778Lightfoot Flora Scot. (1789) 831 Lungwort Lichen..*Hazleraw, Scotis.
13..K. Alis. 3293 (Bodl. MS.) Whan notte brouneþ on *hesel rys. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. xvi, Heich Hutchon with a hissil ryss.
1893Advance (Chicago) 23 Nov., Among the *hazel-roughs are still a few chewinks.
1865Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. (1868) VI. 334 [Those] who prefer the active, energetic ‘*hazel splitters’ to the lazy Berkshire. 1930Amer. Speech V. 18 Hazel splitter, a wild, lean range hog, a razor-back.
1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase lii. 206 We had ceased from digging a well, after finding no water at twenty-five feet, although we had employed a great *hazel-wizzard.
▪ II. ˈhazel2, hazle
Also hassell, hasel(l.
[Of uncertain origin; known first in attrib. use or comb., and in the adj. hazelly1.
Markham's hassell ground, hassell earth, correspond to Ger. hasselboden ‘ground consisting of gravel, reddish clay, and somewhat black earth’ (Grimm), said also to be called in Switzerland haselerde. The latter implies connexion or association with hasel hazel1, and some would so explain the word in Eng., with reference to the colour of hazel ground, its suitableness for hazel, or other reason.]
1. A kind of freestone: see quots. local.
1855Phillips Man. Geol. Gloss., Hazle, a hard, often cherty, gritstone. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Hazle, a tough mixture of sandstone and shale.
2. attrib. and Comb. Consisting of a mixture of sand or gravel, clay, and earth, as hazel earth, hazel ground, hazel loam, hazel mould, hazel soil, etc.
1613Markham Eng. Husbandman i. i. vi. (1635) 36 If it bee a rich hassell ground. Ibid. xiii. 83 Blacke Clay mixt with red Sand, which..is called of Husbandmen an hassell earth. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 556 Any mixed earths or hasell-grounds which are clayes and sands or clayes and gravells mixed together. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 341 The manner of tillage that is also given light or hasel mould. 1789Trans. Soc. Arts I. 165 A field of good hazle loam. 1796J. Boys Agric. Kent (1813) 70 To make summer-fallows on light land, such as hazel loam, sand, gravel or chalk. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 26 On all soils, except those of a deep hazel mould or sandy loam. |