| 释义 |
▪ I. haze, n.|heɪz|
[Of obscure origin.
Not known till nearly a century after hazy a., so that it may be a back-formation from that word. For the derivation, connexion with OE. hasu, haswe ‘grey’, has been suggested; but there is a long gap in time between the words, and there are difficulties both of form and early sense: see haze v.2]
1. An obscuration of the atmosphere near the surface of the earth, caused by an infinite number of minute particles of vapour, etc. in the air. In 18th c. applied to a thick fog or hoar-frost; but now usually to a thin misty appearance, which makes distant objects indistinct, and often arises from heat (heat-haze).
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Haze, a Rime, a thick Fog. 1721Bailey, A Hase, a thick Fog or Rime. 1755Johnson, Haze, fog; mist. 1795Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 4 To trust ourselves to the haze and mist and doubtful lights of that changeable week. 1823F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 23 A circle of thin haze..marked dimly the limits between heaven and earth. 1833H. Martineau Charmed Sea viii. 128 Till he disappeared in the silvery night haze. 1833M. Scott Tom Cringle xix. (1859) 526 A hot haze hung over the whole. 1849D. P. Thomson Introd. Meteorol. 114 When..the temperature falls below the dew⁓point, the moisture becomes visible in the form of a haze, mist, or fog; haze when there is merely an obscuration near the surface of the earth; mist when it presents a defined outline, resting on, or hovering a few feet above the ground; fog when the humid vesicles are so numerous as to produce a general obscuration in the atmosphere. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. xiv, There was a thin yellow haze from incense mingling with the breath of the multitude. 1891Mrs. Oliphant Jerusalem 435 The soft hills on the other side in a haze of sunshine.
b. transf. Something having a misty appearance, or obscuring the view.
1879St. George's Hosp. Repts. IX. 526 Ulceration [in the eye]..sufficiently deep to leave a permanent haze. 1891Dougall Beggars All 181 The copse..showed nothing but a haze of gray and reddish twigs.
2. fig. A condition of intellectual vagueness and indistinctness; the obscurity of a distant time.
a1797Burke (T.), In the fog and haze of confusion all is enlarged. 1843Miall in Nonconf. III. 489 A haze of false and wretched morality. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. I. i. 44 The annalists..were peopling the haze with obscure persons. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xxix. 362 No shade or faint haze of a doubt appeared anywhere. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. III. lxxx. 55 Nor do their moral and religious impulses remain in the soft haze of self-complacent sentiment.
3. Comb., as haze-cradled, haze-hung adjs.; haze-fire, brilliantly luminous mist.
1842Faber Styr. Lake, etc. 328 The Carpathian chain, A fence of white haze-fire Compassing the plain. 1852M. Arnold Summer Night 21 The blue haze-cradled mountains spread away. 1894Rev. of Rev. Feb. 170 The low and haze-hung country.
Hence ˈhazeless a., free from haze.
1874Tyndall in Contemp. Rev. Nov. 826 A calm and hazeless atmosphere.
▪ II. haze, v.1|heɪz|
[Cf. OF. haser (1450 in Godef.) ‘irriter, piquer, fâcher, insulter, aiguillonner’.]
1. trans. To affright, scare; to scold; also, to punish by blows. dial.
1678Littleton Lat. Dict., To haze or hawze one, perterrefacio, clamore obtundo. 1721Bailey, Hase, to afright with a sudden Noise. Ibid., Hawze, to confound or frighten, to stun one with Noise. C[ountry Word]. 1876Mid-Yorksh. Gloss., Haze, to scold; also, to beat. 1881N. Linc. Gloss., Haze, to thrash soundly; to upbraid.
2. Naut. To punish by keeping at disagreeable and unnecessary hard work; to harass with overwork.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast viii. 18 Every shifting of the studding-sails was only to ‘haze’ the crew. Note. Let an officer once say ‘I'll haze you’, and your fate is fixed. You will be ‘worked up’, if you are not a better man than he is. 1846J. R. Browne Etch. Whaling Cruise (1850) 187 The captain disliked him..and continually hazed him for his awkwardness. 1893J. A. Barry S. Brown's Bunyip, etc. 283 Now then, fore-top, there, shift your pins, or I'll haze you.
3. To subject to cruel horseplay (as practised by American students); to bully. U.S. See hazing 3.
1850Poem bef. Iadma 22 in B. H. Hall College Wds. (1856) 251 'Tis the Sophomores rushing the Freshmen to haze. 1868in G. M. Sloane Life J. MacCosh xiv. (1896) 216 Did you not hear that he had been hazed?.. They gagged his mouth..shaved his head, then put him under the pump, and left him tied on the campus. Ibid., I called the hazed student to my house. 1886Century Mag. 905/1 Two of our roughs began to haze him. 1887Lippincott's Mag. Aug. 293 The man who assists in hazing you in Freshman year, and who compels you to stand on a street-corner and scan Greek verse for the edification of the by-standers. Ibid., Hazing, in its offensive signification, is practically dead and buried at Yale.
4. intr. To frolic, ‘lark’. U.S.
1848N.Y. Com. Adv. 2 Dec. (Bartlett), W. had been drinking and was hazing about the street at night. 1855H. A. Wise Tales for Marines (ibid.), Hazin' round with Charity Bunker and the rest o' the gals.
5. haze about, to roam about aimlessly; to loaf about. [? Associated with hazy 2 b.]
1841Tait's Mag. VIII. 592 It would be idle to follow [her]..in hazing about—a capital word that, and one worthy of instant adoption—among the usual sights of London. 1870Mrs. Prentiss Let. in Life (1882) 335 The boys are hazing about.
6. trans. To drive an animal (while on horseback).
1890L. D'Oyle Notches on Rough Edge of Life 68 Bill ‘hazed’ 'em again, and they ran up and stood about opposite to me. 1897Westm. Gaz. 8 Oct. 2/1 The beast may trip or run for dangerous ground, and it is then that a well-mounted companion is necessary to haze or ride him off. 1949P. Newton High Country Days 95 As each raceful was finished, the calves were hazed through the gate and out into a clean yard. 1962A. Fry Ranch on Cariboo xxiv. 242 A fine dust rose behind the cattle as we hazed them along the wagon tracks between the scattered trees.
▪ III. haze, v.2
[In sense 1, related to haze n., hazy a.; perh. a back-formation from the latter; in sense 2 from the n.]
1. intr. To drizzle. dial.
1674–91Ray N.C. Words 36 It hazes, it misles, or rains small rain. 1808J. Barlow Columb. i. 33 O'er Valladolid's regal turrets hazed The drizzly fogs from dull Pisuerga raised. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Haze, to drizzle, to be foggy.
2. trans. To make hazy, to involve in a haze. Hence hazed ppl. a.
1801A. Seward Lett. (1811) V. 353 The noble mountains..are here [i.e. in the picture] softened and hazed away into indistinctness. 188.R. G. H[ill] Voices in Solit. 180 The hazed sun with lurid weakness stared.
▪ IV. haze, v.3 dial.
trans. To dry.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Haze, to dry linen, etc. by hanging it up in the fresh air..any thing so exposed is said to be hazed, as rows of corn or hay, when a brisk breeze follows a shower. 1863Morton Cycl. Agric. (E.D.S.), Hazed, surface-dried.
▪ V. † haze
= ha' 's, syncop. form of have us. Obs.
a1553Udall Royster D. iii. iv. (Arb.) 49 Nay and ye will haze, haze..And ye will not haze, then giue vs our geare againe. |