| 释义 |
Hawthorne, n. Social Psychol.|ˈhɔːθɔːn|
The name of the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Ill., used attrib. in Hawthorne effect, to designate the phenomenon (observed there during experiments undertaken in the 1920s) of an improvement in the performance of workers resulting from a change in their working conditions, and caused either by their response to innovation or by the feeling that they are being accorded some attention; also more generally in similar contexts.
[1958H. A. Landsberger (title) Hawthorne revisited.] 1963T. & P. Morris Pentonville i. 7 It was inevitable..that in some respects a ‘Hawthorne effect’ was created in that members of the prison community were conscious of the research, and their behaviour was sometimes ‘adjusted’ with this in mind. 1972M. Argyle Social Psychol. of Work viii. 209 Productivity increased in all sections—probably a Hawthorne effect. 1976Howard Jrnl. XV. i. 7 It seems to have been..a convincing demonstration of the Hawthorne effect, not evidence for the superior efficacy of either method of dealing with offenders. 1990New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 21 June 1792/1 Presence of an observer..could have improved compliance with infection-control precautions so that fewer exposures occurred during the observation period (the Hawthorne effect). |