| 释义 |
▪ I. † haw, n.1 Obs. exc. Hist.|hɔː|
Forms: 1 haᵹa, 3 haȝe, hahe, 5 hawȝe, 4–6 hawe, 7 dial. haghe, 5– haw.
[OE. haᵹa, corresp. to MDu. hage, haghe, Du. haag, in same sense (whence 's Graven hage, the Count's Haw, the Hague), MLG. hage, ON. hagi (Sw. hage pasture-field, Da. have garden):—OTeut. *hagon-; co-radicate with OHG. hag, hac, enclosure, Ger. hag hedge, bush, coppice, fenced place; also OHG. hagan, MHG. hagen thorn, thornbush: cf. hay n.2, and hedge.]
A hedge or encompassing fence (OE.); hence, a piece of ground enclosed or fenced in; a messuage (OE.); generally, a yard, close, or enclosure, as in timber-haw. See also church-hawe.
Beowulf (Z.) 2893 Heht ða þæt heaðo-weorc to haᵹan biodan. c825Kent. Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 70/15 Sepis, haᵹa. 1044in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 86 Se haᵹa binnan port þe æᵹebric himsylfan ᵹetimbrod hæfde. a1250Owl & Night. 585 Wane þu comest to manne haȝe, Þar þornes boþ and ris i-draȝe. Ibid. 1612 Heo hongeþ me on heore hahe. c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 527 Ther was a polcat in his hawe, That..hise capons hadde yslawe. 1442in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 387 For cariage of xxxj lodes of lome..in to the tembre haw. 1457in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 72 Wharfes kranes tymbre hawes. 1594Norden Spec. Brit., Essex 10 Certayne ladinges..wher they take in wood..which places are called vpon the Thames, westward, haws or woodwharves. 1674Ray S. & E.C. Words 68 A Haw, (Kent.) a close. 1726Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), Haw..a Close or small quantity of Land near a House; as Bean-haw, Hemp-haw. 1860All Year Round No. 76. 614 St. Mary, called Wool-church, because in its haw or churchyard is the beam whereby wool is appointed to be weighed.
b. transf.
c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 121 Then wolle the see wytdrawe, And wend to hys owyn hawe.
c. attrib., as haw-yard.
1657Howell Londinop. 58 A great Haw-yard, or garden, of old time called Coleman Haw.
▪ II. haw, n.2|hɔː|
Forms: 1 haᵹa, 3–7 hawe, (5 hawghe, 9 dial. hag, hague, haghe, haigh), 4– haw.
[OE. haᵹa, in pl. haᵹan.
App. the same word as prec.: perh. short for *hæᵹberie, i.e. hedge-berry; but this sense appears in none of the other langs., and the history of its development is not clear.]
1. The fruit of the hawthorn.
a1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 204/20 Cinum, haᵹan. 13..K. Alis. 4983 Other mete thai ne habben Bot hawen, hepen, slon, and rabben. c1374Chaucer Former Age 7 They eten mast hawes and swyche pownage. 1483Cath. Angl. 179/1 An Hawghe, cinum. 1555Eden Decades 87 He eate none other meate but only berryes and hawes. 1626Bacon Sylva §737 Stores of Haws and Heps do commonly portend cold Winters. 1784Cowper Task i. 120, I fed on scarlet hips and stony haws. 1883F. M. Peard Contrad. xxxii, The old thorns..ruddy with a wealth of haws. 1883Hampsh. Gloss., Hag, a haw, or berry of the hawthorn. 1883Almondbury Gloss., Haghe, or Haigh, the haw.
†2. Used as a type of a thing of no value. Obs.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 138/39 Gignalia, haᵹan. a1100Voc. Ibid. 269/5 Quisquilia, haᵹan. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 524 Al nas wurth an hawe. c1340Hampole in Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 81 No latyn ne lawe may helpe an hawe. c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 659, I sette noght an haw Of his proverbes. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 99 Of suche fresch lustes set not an hawe. 1593Jack Straw ii. in Hazl. Dodsley V. 394 We'll not leave a man of law, Nor a paper worth a haw.
3. The hawthorn, Cratægus Oxyacantha. (Also applied with qualifying words to other species of Cratægus, or other similar shrubs.)
[1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 260 Testament Hawthorne, I, Sely Haw, whose hope is past.] 1821Col. Trimble in Open Court (U.S.A.) XI. 244 Clearing away the haw, dogwood, and pawpaws. 1850Tennyson In Mem. c, Hoary knoll of ash and haw. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg. iv. 19 Sweet is the air with the budding haws. 1884Miller Plant-n., Haw,..Black, Viburnum prunifolium. May, or Apple, Cratægus æstivalis. Summer, Cratægus flava.
†4. A head or ear of grass. Obs.[Etymologically perh. a different word.] 1601Holland Pliny II. 145 Wild Otes..beareth in the haw or head certain grains hanging down, which resemble small locusts. Ibid. 235 Then the haw or eare that it beareth, ought to be taken away. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Haw, the ear of oats.
5. attrib., as haw-berry, haw-blossom; haw-grosbeak, the hawfinch.
1772–84Cook Voy. (1790) V. 1787 We saw some currant, and hawberry bushes. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 67/1 Hawfinch. Haw Grosbeak, Grosbeak of the modern British.
▪ III. haw, n.3
Also 6–7 hawe.
[Etymology uncertain.]
The nictitating membrane or ‘third eyelid’ of a horse, dog, etc., being a triangular cartilage lying just within the inner corner of the eye, which is capable of expansion, so as to sweep dust, etc. from the eye-ball.
The haw is liable to inflammation and temporary enlargement, and it was to this affected form, which the old farriers considered an ‘excrescence,’ that they usually applied the name.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §89 The hawe is a sorance in a horse eye, and is lyke gristell, and maye well be cutte oute, or els it wyll haue out his eye. 1587L. Mascall Govt. Cattle ii. (1661) 131 The haw in the eye of the horse is a little white and hard gristle in the inner corner of the eye, and it will grow. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1763) 140, I take what the Farriers call the Haws, to proceed from a long and continued Defluxion of Rheum upon the Eye. 1829Nat. Philos., Prelim. Treat. 30 (U.K.S.) A third eyelid..in the horse..called the haw; it is moistened with a pulpy substance..to take hold of the dust on the eyeball, and wipe it clean off. 1865Youatt Horse viii. (1872) 159 The old farriers strangely misunderstood the nature and design of the haw. 1880Times 5 June 6/5 A chief point in bloodhounds was the appearance and quality of the ‘haw’. 1893H. Dalziel Diseases of Dogs (ed. 3) 62 Enlargement of the haw..This membrane sometimes becomes inflamed and enlarged, interfering with the sight and preventing the eyelids from closing.
†b. transf. Applied to an excresence in the human eye. Obs.
c1450ME. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 98 A charme for þe hawe in þe ye. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health (1585) F ij, The joyce of the Lyly rote put into thy eye taketh awaye the hawe. 1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1915/4 Joshua Bugge, Aged 15 years..having a Haw or Speck on his left Eye.
▪ IV. haw, n.4
see haw int.1 and n.4
▪ V. haw, a. Obs. exc. Sc.
Forms: 1 heawi, hęwi, hæwi, hawi, hæwen, 5 haa, 6– haw (8 Sc. haave).
[OE. háwi, hǽwi, héawi, whence hǽwen blue, discoloured.]
†a. Blue, azure; bluish, grayish- or greenish-blue; of a dull leaden blue. Obs.
b. Discoloured, livid. Sc.
a700Epinal Gloss. 221 C(a)erula, haeuui [Erf. haui]. c725Corpus Gloss. 444 C(a)erula, heawi. Ibid. 981 Glaucum, heauui, grei. c1420Anturs of Arth. ii, Hur hud of a haa hew. c1450Henryson Test. Cres. 257 Hawe as the leed, of colour nothing clere. 1513Douglas æneis iii. i. 121 Crownit with garlandis all of haw see hewis. 16..Sir P. Spens in Child Ballads iii. lviii. (1885) 28/2 He saw the green haw sea. 1768Ross Helenore 23 (Jam.) Twa shepherds out of breath..and as haw as death. 1785R. Forbes Poems in Buchan Dial. 8 (Jam.) He look'd sae haave as gin a dwam Had just o'ercast his heart.
▪ VI. haw, int.1 and n.4
[Echoic.]
An utterance marking hesitation: cf. ha int. 3. Usually in collocation with hum. See also haw-haw.
1679Hist. Somervilles in Ann. Lesmahagow (1864) 73 She had a little haugh in her speech. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 180 His frequent and pathetic hums and haws. a1729Congreve Wks. (1761) III. 459 (Jod.) If thro' any hums or haws, There haps an intervening pause. 1886Pall Mall G. 27 Aug. 14/1 Pauses filled by a prolonged ‘haw’.
▪ VII. haw, int.2 and n.5 dial. and U.S.
A call used to direct a horse or team to turn to the left.
1843Knickerbocker XXI. 494 He admonishes them with his goad, and ejaculates, ‘Haw’. 1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase xxvi. 239 Whoas, gees and haws. 1856J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. II. 723/2 Horses—terms used in directing—... Cheshire... To left. Haw. 1864Webster s.v., Haw, haw here;—words used by teamsters in guiding their teams. 1930Amer. Speech V. 419 Haw, direction given to oxen to turn to the left. 1972Even. Telegram (St. John's, Nwfndl.) 24 June 14/3 ‘Gee’ tells the dogs to take a right turn, and ‘Haw’ means left.
▪ VIII. haw, v.1
[f. haw int.1]
intr. To utter ‘haw!’ as an expression of hesitation. Usually in the collocation hum (hem) and haw: see hum v.
1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry iv. i, Nov. Ha? Bella. D'ee stand Humming and hawing now? 1739Joe Miller's Jests cxiii, The Fellow was loath to speak, but humm'd and haw'd for a good Space. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) VII. 47 Such a humming and hawing caitiff. 1814L. Hunt Feast of Poets 11 A whole court of Aldermen hawing and humming. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 62 Public meetings where no heart is, And a chairman haws and hums.
▪ IX. haw, v.2 U.S. (but Eng. dial. in quot. 1911).
[f. haw int.2 and n.5]
a. intr. Of a horse or team: to turn to the left. Also fig. (see quot. 1864).
1846Knickerbocker XXVII. 119 The plough-boy has hardly energy to cry out..‘Gee-haw, there, I tell you to haw, now.’ 1861Trans. Ill. Agric. Soc. IV. 99 They were required to plow lands of about fifteen rods in length, and ‘haw’ about. 1864Webster s.v., To haw and gee, or haw and gee about, to go from one thing to another without good reason; to have no settled purpose; to be irresolute or unstable. (Colloq.) 1911J. Masefield Everlasting Mercy 86 Now and then he seems to stoop To clear the coulter with the scoop, Or touch an ox to haw or gee.
b. trans. To direct (a horse, etc.) to turn to the left. Also fig.
1864Webster s.v., To haw and gee, or haw and gee about, to lead this way and that at will; to lead by the nose; to master or control. (Colloq.) 1867[see gee v.2 b].
Hence hawing vbl. n.
1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase xvi. 119 After performing wonders on the journey from Philadelphia to the West in hawing and geeing. 1867[see gee v.2 b].
▪ X. haw
obs. form of awe.
▪ XI. haw(e
obs. var. hoe. |