| 释义 |
▪ I. haunch, n.1|hɔːntʃ, hɑːntʃ|
Forms: 4–7 hanche, haunche, (5 honche), (Sc. 6 hench(e), 6–8 hanch, 6– haunch, (mod.Sc. hainch).
[a. OF. hanche (ONF. hanke), 12th c. in Hatz.-Darm. = Pr., Sp., It., Pg. anca hip, buttock of the horse, med.L. hancha (1275 in Du Cange), prob. of German origin: cf. OHG. anchâ (enchâ, einkâ) leg, lit. joint. It is only since the 18th c. that the spelling haunch has displaced hanch.]
1. a. The part of the body, in men and quadrupeds, lying between the last ribs and the thigh; the lateral expansions of the pelvis; of a horse, that part of the hind quarters which extends from the reins or the back to the hough or ham.
a1225[see 6]. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9108 And noþer body, ne þe arme, Bledde neuer blode, colde ne warme, But was as drye wyþ al þe haunche, As of a stok were ryue a braunche. c1320Sir Tristr. 1088 In þe haunche riȝt Tristrem was wounded sare. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 176 Bonys of haunchis ben maad fast wiþ þe lattere boon of þe rigboon. 1460Lybeaus Disc. 268 Thorugh herte, other thorugh honche, Wyth hys sper he wyll launche. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lx. 55 With hoppir hippis, and henches narrow. 1565–73Cooper Thesaurus, Clunis..the buttocke or hanche. 1595Gosson Quippes Upst. Gentlewom. 151 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 256 These hoopes, that hippes and haunch do hide. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. viii. 81 Strukne in the hench or he was war. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland 130 The Rain-deer..are white not only on their belly but on their haunches. 1721–1800Bailey, Hanch, the Hip, a Part of the Body. 1735Somerville Chase i. 196 On their Haunches rear'd. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 118 The pelvis properly so called, or that expansion which constitutes the haunches. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 12 A fine black retriever..sat on his haunches, and watched him as he went to and fro.
b. The leg and loin of a deer, sheep, or other animal, prepared for, or served at, table.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 320 For bryngenge of halff a haunche. 1573–80Baret Alv. H 66 An hanch of venison. a1612Harington Epigr. ii. li. 9, I was no ghest, Nor ever since did tast of side or haunch. 1712Addison Spect. No. 482 ⁋4 The best Pickle for a Walnut, or Sauce for an Haunch of Venison. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. i. 292 When the Huntsmen come in to the Death of the Hart, they should cry, Ware Haunch, that the Hounds may not break in to the Deer. 1859All Year Round No. 29. 57 Nowhere can the equal of a Sussex haunch or saddle be obtained.
c. The pelvis as containing the womb. (Cf. Scriptural use of loins.)
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iv. Handie-crafts 778 O too fruitfull hanches! O wretched root! O hurtfull, hatefull branches! 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 693 A Vine, sprung from her hanches O'er-spread his Empire with its branches.
d. fig. To hinder part, the latter end.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 92 A Summer Bird, Which euer in the haunch of Winter sings The lifting vp of day.
e. Phrases. (See quot.)
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., Putting him [a horse] upon his haunches..to couple him well, or to put him well together, or make him compact..To drag the haunches, is to change the leading foot in galloping.
2. The coxa or basal joint of the leg in insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 314 The two anterior feet much larger than the others, with long haunches. Ibid., Anterior legs with a blackish blue spot on the internal side of the haunches. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 302 Xyphosura..the haunches of the first six pair of feet are covered with small spines, and perform the office of jaws.
3. a. Arch. The side of an arch between the crown and the piers, the flank; = hance n. 3, q.v. Hence the corresponding part of any arched figure.
1793Sir G. Shuckburgh in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 87 note, When the arch had stood two years, the haunches were filled up with bricks. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 230 Let the substance of the rope, on the convex side, be increased in some parts, for example at the haunches; it will then no longer describe a catenary. 1877L. Jewitt Half-hrs. among Eng. Antiq. 158 The decorations upon bells consist of encircling inscriptions, usually on the haunch. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1173 The sides of the arch between the crown and the piers are called its haunches or flanks.
b. The side of a made-up road.
1937[see haunching 2].
4. Naut.
a. (See quot. 1823).
b. = hance n. 2 a.
1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Haunch, (Mar.) a sudden decrease in the size of a piece of timber. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Haunch, a sudden fall or break, as from the drifts forward and aft to the waist. The same as hance.
c. The end of a tenon reduced in width. So haunched a., (of a tenon) having its end reduced in width.
1885Spons' Mech. Own Bk. 276 The haunched tenon [is used] when the edge of the piece on which the tenon is formed is required to be flush with the end of the piece containing the mortice. 1904A. C. Passmore Handbk. Techn. Terms, Haunch, the wide part left close to the root when part of a tenon is cut away. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 282/1 Haunched tenon, a tenon cut back in its width to allow for wedging. 1964W. L. Goodman Hist. Woodworking Tools 53 The joints themselves are stub tenons, haunched and pinned in a very modern manner.
5. A mechanical contrivance for lowering one end of a wine-cask while drawing off the contents.
6. attrib. and Comb., as † haunch-evil, haunch-hoop, haunch-joint; haunch-vent Sc. (see quot. 1824); (from sense 3), as haunch-stone. Also haunch-bone.
a1225Ancr. R. 280 Hu ueole þe grimme wrastlare of helle breid up on his hupe, and werp, mid þe haunche turn, into golnesse. 1562Turner A ij b, Baths, Names of Siknesses The sciatica or hanchevel. 1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., Henchvents, the same with ‘gores’, pieces of linen put into the lower parts of a shirt..to give ‘vent’ or room for the ‘haunch’. 1824R. Chambers Trad. Edin. (1825) II. 59 There were the breast-knots, two hainch-knots, (at which there were also buttons for looping up the gown behind). 1826Scott Jrnl. (1890) I. 98 A venerable lady who always wore a haunch-hoop. 1828― F.M. Perth xxxiii, Henry..swung the ponderous implement far behind his right haunch joint. 1883Surv. W. Palestine III. 407 With narrow key-stone and broad haunch-stones.
Hence ˈhaunchless a., not having haunches. ˈhaunchy a., having prominent haunches.
1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son xcvii. (1890) 394 Greasy and haunchy brutes. 1834Fraser's Mag. IX. 300 Ill-cut, and haunchless shape.
▪ II. haunch, n.2
(Sc. hainch):
see under haunch v.3
▪ III. † haunch, v.1 Obs. rare.
[f. haunch n.1]
trans. To bring down (a deer, etc.) upon its haunches.
1605Camden Rem. (1637) 256 When the said King John saw a faire bucke haunched.
▪ IV. haunch, v.2
[f. haunch n.1 4 a.]
trans. To reduce in thickness. intr. Of a piece of timber: To decrease suddenly in thickness.
1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 4 Cleats..are haunched on the back with a hollow. Ibid. 31 The square..haunches from thence into the round.
▪ V. haunch, v.3
In Sc. hainch, hench.
[f. haunch n.1 1, in Sc. hainch, hench.]
trans. To throw with an underhand movement, the arm being jerked against the haunch; ‘to elevate by a sudden jerk’ (Jam.).
1788E. Picken Poems 75 (Jam.) To hainch a chield aboon the moon. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Haunch, Hainch, to throw; as a stone from the hand by jerking it against the haunch. 1894Crockett Raiders 110 With a pebble cunningly ‘henched’.
Hence haunch, Sc. hainch, hainsh n., a jerked underhand throw; hauncher, Sc. haincher, hencher; haunching, henching vbl. n.
1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl., Hainching, throwing, by springing the arm on the haunch. 1843Hardy in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. ii. 54 The bowl..launched in the manner which in Scotland is called a hainsh, being precisely the fashion after which the Greek Δισκος was impelled. Ibid. 58 The bowls were sometimes thrown by raising the arm..but more frequently they were propelled in the hainshing mode. 1863J. Brown Biggar, in John Leech, etc. (1882) 328 A dextrous hencher of stones. 1894Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 310 Throwing stones at them in the manner known as ‘henchin’. |