| 释义 |
▪ I. hanger1|ˈhæŋə(r)|
[OE. hangra, pl. -an, deriv. of hang v. Now identified in form and feeling with the next. See Napier & Stevenson, Crawford Charters in Anecd. Oxon. 134.]
A wood on the side of a steep hill or bank: cf. hanging ppl. a. 2 b.
c938Charter in Cod. Dipl. III. 409 Ealle þa hangran betweonan ðam weᵹe and ðam ðe to Stanleaᵹe liᵹþ. c987Ibid. III. 229 Of ðam hangran suþ to þære stræt. 1789G. White Selborne lxxxvii, A considerable part of the great woody hanger at Hawkley was torn from its place and fell down, leaving a high freestone cliff naked and bare. 1822in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 179 These hangers are woods on the sides of very steep hills. 1851Cobden in Morley Life (1882) II. iii. 91 The nightingale and cuckoo are already heard in the hanger. 1883G. Allen Col. Clout's Cal. xxxv. 202 It [wild service-tree] grows sparingly in hangers and copses.
▪ II. hanger2|ˈhæŋə(r)|
Also 5–6 Sc. hingar(e, -er, 6 hengar.
[f. hang v. + -er1.]
One who or that which hangs.
1. a. One who suspends a thing from above; often in comb. as bell-hanger, paper-hanger, etc. (q.v. under the first element). spec. One of those who select and hang the pictures for an exhibition (e.g. that of the Royal Academy).
1791–1851 Bell-hanger [see bell n.1 12]. 1865Pall Mall G. 7 Apr., The hangers of the year are Messrs E. M. Ward, Millais, and E. W. Cooke. It is not unusual for the hangers to limit their own contributions. 1894Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 1/2 So soon as a man is elected to full membership he becomes a hanger for the next exhibition..Hangers are almost as anxious to be excused as High Sheriffs.
b. One who puts a person to death by hanging, or causes him to be hanged.
c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. xcv. (1869) 110 Afterward j wole be drawere and hangere of thee. 1680Aubrey Lives Eminent Men (1813) II. 351 A very severe hanger of highwaymen. 1876[see hanged 2].
†c. One who hesitates or wavers: see hang v. 17. Obs.
1536Starkey Let. 30 July in England (1871) p. xxxix, You schal fynd me..to be no sterter, wauerar nor hengar in the wynd.
2. Something that hangs down or is suspended.
† a. A piece of tapestry hanging. † b. A hat-band with a part hanging loose behind. † c. A pendant; also attrib., as hanger-pearl. † d. A bell-rope. e. A pendant catkin. f. A local name for the sea-weed tangle.
a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. 78 The chief yeoman of this office hathe in charge..cuppes of silver & leather, tankardes, & earthe asshen cuppes..hangers & all that other stuffe of this office. 1488Inv. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 391 Item a collar of gold maid with elephantis and a grete hingar at it. 1513Douglas æneis x. iii. 35 Or in the crownell pycht, or rych hynger, Quhilk dois the nek array. 1516in Inv. R. Wardrobe (1815) 25 (Jam.) Item, ane black hatt with ane hingar contenand ane greit ruby balac. Item, v hattis of silk without hingaris. c1565Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 159 And also commanded her to take what hingers or tapestry-work..she pleased. 1578in Inv. R. Wardrobe (1815) 266 (Jam.) A small carcan with hingar perll and small graynis anamalit with blak. 1767H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1859) II. 225 (D.) On pulling the hanger of a bell, the great door opened. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. xvii, The hangers of the hazel, too, having shed their dust to make the nuts.
g. (See quot. 1905.)
1905Calkins & Holden Art Mod. Advertising 352 Hangers are printed or lithographed cards of various shapes and sizes, to be hung up in a store. 1927in John Edwards Mem. Foundation Q. (1969) V. iv. 144 In⁓closed find a folder... Also we have a large hanger and dealers order blank.
3. Something that overhangs; in Mining, The rock over the lode or vein; the ‘roof’.
1631E. Jorden Nat. Bathes xiv. (1669) 136 Most metals breeding between a Hanger and a Lieger..are seldome above a foot thick. 1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 585 The rock on both sides, or, in the miners' language, the roof and the sole, the hanger and the leger, is altered and decomposed.
4. a. A contrivance by which anything is hung; a rope, chain, or hook used to suspend something; a support for a journal-box, etc., of a shafting. Also attrib.
1864Webster s.v. Pulley. 1873 J. Richards Wood-working Factories 27 Having the hanger-plates ready,..mount the shaft in the hangers and invert them. Ibid. 65 The rods and fingers or studs are now generally furnished with hangers for the smaller shafts. 1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 134 Pass the gaskets and clew hangers. 1896Daily News 10 Jan. 2/7 The spring hanger of the tender broke.
†b. A loop or strap on a sword-belt from which the sword was hung; often richly ornamented.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iv, This other day, I happened to enter into some discourse of a hanger, which..both for fashion and workmanship, was most peremptory beautiful and gentlemanlike. 1599Minsheu, Talabarte, sword hangers. Tiros de espada, sword hangers. 1601Holland Pliny II. 483 Their sword-girdles, hangers, and bawdricks, gingle again with thin plates of siluer. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. ii. 157. 1648 Bury Wills (Camden) 217, I give vnto my nephew..my guilt wrought sword and the girdle and hangers to it. 1676Hobbes Iliad (1677) 289 The boys with silver hangers were adorn'd And golden swords.
c. A loop by which anything is hung, as the loop at the back of the neck in a coat, etc.; the loop of a hunting-whip or crop.
1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1935/4 He had a Whip with a red Handle and a Buff hanger at the end of it.
d. A chain or iron rod to which a pot or kettle is hung by means of a pot-hook in the old-fashioned kitchen fireplace. Hence transf. A nursery name for the stroke with a double curve (ı), one of the elementary forms in learning to write; usually in the phrase pot-hooks and hangers.
1599Minsheu, Llares, or Ollares, pot hangers. 1608Withals' Dict. 186 To hang as the pots doe uppon their hangers. 1738Swift Pol. Convers. Introd. 82 His Skill in making Pot-hooks and Hangers with a Pencil. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. (1849) 127 But little skilled in the mystery of combining pot-hooks and hangers. 1896Longm. Mag. Nov. 64 The old iron ‘hangers’ for pots are common.
e. A coat- or dress-hanger.
1873Young Englishwoman Feb. 91/1 The two different kinds of hangers..will be found very advantageous for hanging up heavy articles of dress, as winter cloaks, etc. 1908Daily Chron. 26 Feb. 8/5 Every coat and every skirt should have a hanger to itself. 1934L. A. G. Strong Corporal Tune ii. iv. 151 It does clothes no good to stay all folded up. The sooner they're out and on hangers the better. 1955M. Allingham Beckoning Lady iii. 38 She was carrying a newly pressed dress on a hanger. 1970New Yorker 28 Feb. 34/3 There are no hangers for suits which have always had hangers.
5. hanger-on.
a. A follower or dependant (familiarly and often disparagingly).
1549Lansdowne MSS. 238 lf. 292 The multytude of Reteynours and hangers on. 1603Sir R. Cecil in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 206 Among some hangers-on upon the Court. 1727Swift Wonder of Wonders Wks. 1755 II. ii. 54 He is a perpetual hanger-on: yet no-body knows how to be without him. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. iii. 142 Scotland was for the first time treated as a needy and troublesome hanger-on of France.
†b. An appendage, an adjunct. Obs.
1552Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer vi. (1845) 419 But here is one addition, one hanger on: ‘As we forgive them that trespass against us’. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., All the words about body and hangers on to body.
c. Coal-mining. The same as onsetter, a workman who puts the corves or tubs into the ‘cage’ or ‘chair’ at the bottom of the pit-shaft. Formerly these were hung on to the end of the rope or chain.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Hanger-on, a miner employed at the bottom of the shaft in fixing the skip or bucket to the chain. 1893Daily News 5 July 5/7 Three young fellows who were employed as hangers on at the pit bottom.
6. Comb. hanger-back, one who hangs back (see hang v. 22); hanger-board (see quot. 1893).
1923Q. Register May 583 He never..played the calculating hanger-back. 1962Times 10 Aug. 9/4 Young novelists..must realize..that, however many people will unwisely refrain from reading their daring first novels, their own mothers, and even their own grandmothers, will not be among the hangers-back.
18..Electr. Rev. (U.S.) XII. 8 (Cent. Dict.), Electrical connection between the conducting-wires and lamps must be made through a suitable hanger-board. 1893T. O'C. Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict., Hanger board, a board containing two terminals, a suspending hook, and a switch, so that an arc lamp can be introduced into a circuit thereby, or can be removed as desired.
▪ III. hanger3|ˈhæŋə(r)|
Also 6 hangre, 7 hangar; β. 6 hynger, henger, 7 hinger.
[app. the same as hanger2, from hang v.; though possibly not of Eng. formation: cf. early mod.Du. hangher, ‘slootdeghen [rapier], pugio de zona pendens’.
The suggestion has been offered that this is the same word as the Pers. Arab. khanjar: see handjar. But, although ‘hanger’ has sometimes been employed to translate the latter (prob. with a notion of etymological identity) neither history nor phonology appears to support the conjecture.]
A kind of short sword, originally hung from the belt.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 285 My lord paied for a hanger for hymselff viij. s. iiij. d. 1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 12 §2 No Merchaunt Straungier..[shall] bring into this Realme..Knyves, Hangers, Taillourshires, Scisors, Andyrons. c1500in Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 303 Cum gladiis vocatis hyngers vel baselardys. 1530Palsgr. 229/1 Hangre a weapen, bracquemart. 1558Nottingham Rec. IV. 408, I give and bequeath to James Hartley my henger and my dagger. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1860) 33 The sight of a Hanger rusted in the sheath hanging by ones side. 1619Naworth Househ Bks. (Surtees) 105 A silke belt for my Lord's hinger. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin ii. 182 Yet, on my word the Knave had wit in's Anger, And wisely took along his rusty Hanger. 1698Froger Voy. 12 Their ordinary Arms are the Hanger, the Sagay, which is a very light Half-Pike, and the Bow. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. xv, I made him a belt with a frog hanging to it, such as in England we wear hangers in; and in the frog, instead of a hanger, I gave him a hatchet. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. i, A small crooked sword, like what we now call a hanger. |