| 释义 |
▪ I. halter, n.1|ˈhɔːltə(r)|
Forms: 1 hælfter, 3–5 haltre, (4 haltyr, 6 aulter), 6–7 haulter, 3– halter. β. 2 helfter. 5 north. heltir, -yr(e, 5–6 helter(e.
[OE. hælftre = OHG. halftra (Ger. halfter), MDu. halfter, halter, OLG. heliftra, MLG. helchter, halter:—WGer. *halftra-, *haliftra-, f. root *halƀ-, whence OHG. halb, MLG. and MDu. helve, OE. helfe: see helve. The primary sense was ‘that by which anything is held’: cf. L. capistrum halter. The f between l and t was lost in ME. as in MDu. and MHG.]
1. a. A rope, cord, or strap with a noose or head-stall, by which horses or cattle are led or fastened up.
a1000Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 199/14 Capistrum, hælfter, uel cælfster. a1100Ibid. 332/18 Capistrum, hælfstre. c1175Lamb. Hom. 53 Þet is þes deofles helfter. a1250Owl & Night. 1028 Hom ne mai halter ne bridel Bringe. 1390Gower Conf. II. 48 And trusse her halters forth with me. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 727/44 Hoc capistrum, a heltyr. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5361 Þe hors heltirs to breke he ran. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 119 Horsharnes without halters. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 44 It wolde haue made a hors breake his halter sure. 1760–72tr. Juan & Uloa's Voy. (ed. 3) II. 240 The nooses, or halters, are thongs of a cow's hide. 1835Lytton Rienzi v. v, The horse runs from one hand, the halter remains in the other.
b. A strap attached to the top of a backless bodice and looped round the neck; also, a bodice with such a strap or cut so as to give a similar effect. Hence attrib. and Comb., as halter neck(line), halter top.
1935Mademoiselle Aug. 1/2 (caption) Trunks with halter top. 1936New Yorker 18 Jan. 50/2 When a dress terminates in a halter neck, they have an ingratiating habit of putting a little bolero jacket over it. 1939M. B. Picken Lang. Fashion 102/3 Halter neckline..introduced about 1933. Used in sports and evening clothes. 1948N. Mailer Naked & Dead (1949) ii. vii. 229 In the brothel the girls wear halters and trim panties with a tropical print. 1953Berg Dict. New Words 91/1 Halter, a woman's bodice, held in place by straps around the neck and across the back, so as to leave the arms and the back free. 1958J. D. MacDonald Executioners (1959) iv. 59 Nancy wore very short red shorts..and a yellow linen halter. 1959Vogue Pattern Book June/July 23 A full, floating skirt and bare back halter top for a sun dress. 1971Vogue Dec. 64/1 Black silk jersey halter-neck dress..{pstlg}70.
2. a. A rope with a noose for hanging malefactors.
c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 313 Ye shalle clym on helle crokkys With a halpeny heltere. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 32 Hadde we an halter which were mete for his necke and strong ynough we shold sone make an ende. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 63 One after another in their shertes, and every one a halter about his neck. 1596Shakes. Merch. V, iv. i. 379 Por. What mercy can you render him Anthonio? Gra. A halter gratis, nothing else for Gods sake. 1722Sewell Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 295 Break not our ecclesiastical laws, for then ye are sure to stretch by a halter. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos I. xxvii. 220 The archers and men-at-arms were hung in halters to every tree in the forest.
fig.1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xviii. 105 A Childe..if his father let him haue his Swindge lyke a Goose: hee putteth the halter about his Neck by cockering of him too much. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. vi. 15 The same counsels observed are chains to grace, which neglected prove halters to strange undutifull children. 1860Kingsley Misc. I. 84 Raleigh..finding that James was betraying him, and sending him out with a halter round his neck.
b. Used typically for death by hanging; ‘the gallows’.
1533Frith Another bk. agst. Rastell 337 Which doth rather purchase them a halter than the remission of sins. 1679Burnet Hist. Ref. an. 1554 (R.), Ready to offer up their lives to the halter, or the fire, as God should appoint. 1790Pennant London (R.), Edward..resigned to them the monopoly of the ax and halter. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 520 Scared with threats of jail and halter.
3. attrib. and Comb., as halter-chain, halter-maker, halter-place, halter-seller, halter-strap, halter-string; halter-proof adj.; halter-break v. U.S., to accustom (a horse, etc.) to a halter; to break by means of a halter; halter-cast ppl. a. (see quots.); halter hitch (see quot. 1944); † halter-man, a hangman. Also halter-sack, -sick.
1837N.Y. Mirror 28 Oct. 140/3 The moose has been frequently tamed, and unlike the common deer, can be *halter-broken as easily as a horse. 1860J. G. Holland Miss Gilbert's Career xix. 350 You want to halter-break 'em when they're little and get 'em kind o' wonted to the feel of the harness. 1868Rep. Iowa Agric. Soc. 1867 117 My colts are halter-broken as soon as foaled. 1883W. H. Bishop in Harper's Mag. Oct. 725/2 They are halter-broke, and turned loose again.
1704Worlidge Dict. Rust., *Halter Cast happens thus: when a Horse endeavours to scrub the itching part of his Body near the Head or Neck, one of his hinder Feet entangles in the Halter..by the violent strugling of the Horse to disingage himself, receives sometimes very dangerous hurts in the hollow of his Pastern. 1813Sporting Mag. XLII. 58 Danger of being halter cast, which has proved fatal to so many horses.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 183 *Halter-chains..used with bridles.
1944C. W. Ashley Bk. Knots ii. 44 Halter hitch. Horses are hitched with this knot the world over. The end is stuck loosely through the loop, which is not tightened. The knot is easily slipped after removing the end from the loop. 1947Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Nov. 594/4 When he was seven he was given a pony on condition that he mastered a halter hitch.
1596Nashe (title) Haue with you to Saffron-walden, or, Gabriell Harueys Hunt is vp. Containing a full Answere to the eldest sonne of the *Halter-maker.
1638Conceited Lett. (N.), *Halter-men and ballet-makers were not better set aworke this many a day.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Trav. Wks. iii. 80/1 The priuiledges of this graund *Haulter-master are many.
1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4082/4 A bay Nag..with..a Dent cross his Nose in the *Halter-place.
a1679Earl of Orrery Guzman 111, By your Charms you may make your self *Halter-proof.
c1515Cocke Lorell's B. (Percy) 5 Hary *halter seler at tyborn.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Halter-Strap or String, a cord, or long strap of leather, made fast to the head-stall, and to the manger, to tye the horse.
▪ II. halter, n.2|ˈhɔːltə(r)|
[f. halt v.1 + -er1.]
1. One who halts or limps, as a cripple.
c1440Promp. Parv. 224/1 Haltare, claudicator. 1552in Huloet. 1749G. Lavington Enthus. Methodists & Papists (1820) 205 Calling him one-eyed, halter, baldpate.
2. One who wavers; a waverer.
c1611Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 315 Double Halters between God and Gold. 1684Renwick Serm. vii. (1776) 92 O halters! take heed and be admonished.
▪ III. ˈhalter, v.
Also 6 haltren; β. 5 heltryn.
[f. halter n.1]
1. trans. To put a halter upon (a horse or the like); to fasten up with a halter.
c1440Promp. Parv. 235/1 Heltryn beestys, capistro. 1530Palsgr. 577/2, I halter, I tye in a halter, Iencheuestre. 1617Markham Caval. i. 75 When the colt is haltered. 1881Fenn Off to Wilds xxix. (1888) 203 The horses were haltered up to the wheels.
fig.1647Trapp Comm. Matt. xxii. 12 He was muzzled or haltered up, that is, he held his peace, as though he had had a bridle or a halter in his mouth. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres ii. 35 Should they now halter themselves, called by a woman's voice?
†b. to halter apes in hell: see ape n. 6. Obs.
1584Peele Arraignm. Paris iv. ii, All that be Dian's maids are vow'd to halter apes in hell.
2. fig. To put a restraint or check upon; to bridle; to fetter; to hamper.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. (1586) 130 A faire feelde, that the Steeres may..not be feard, or haltred, with trees, or bushes. 1679Hist. Jetzer 22 They thought they had made him their own, and halter'd up his Conscience.
3. To catch or entrap with a noose or lasso.
1573–80Baret Alv. H 54 To halter, or intangle, laqueum injicere alicui. 1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. (1753) 70 Or halter finches through a privy doore. a1625Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. iv. ii, What pretty gins thou hast to halter woodcocks! a1732Atterbury (T.), Catching moles and haltering frogs. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 416 They are very dextrous in haltering a bull at full speed..The noose is made of cow hide.
4. To put a halter about the neck of (a person); to hang (a person) with a halter.
1616Hayward Sanct. Troub. Soul i. xii. (1620) 248 A cord, to halter me in hell. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, civ, The Great ones..hanged are, The Rest were halter'd, Pardon'd; and 'twas faire. 1765Meretriciad 49 Silent and sad as any Rogue cou'd be, That halter'd rode, to dreaded Tyburn tree. 1894Voice (N.Y.) 13 Sept., The Chicago bombthrowers who were haltered for practising their principles.
fig.1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 3 Lusts..to serve him like Absalom, and halter him at the next bough. 1639Fuller Holy War v. vii. (1647) 239 Suffered to have rope enough, till they had haltered themselves in a Præmunire.
Hence ˈhaltering vbl. n.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Cabestrage, haltering. 1598Florio, Capestratura prima, the first haltering of a coult. |