| 释义 |
▪ I. hallow, n.1|ˈhæləʊ|
Usually in pl. hallows. Forms: 1 hálᵹa, fem. hálᵹe, 2–4 halȝe, -ȝie, haleȝe, haliȝ, etc.; also 3–4 halwe, halewe, 4 halu, 4–6 halow(e, etc. Plural: α. 1 hálᵹan, 2–4 halȝen, 2 halechen, 3 haleȝ(h)en, Orm. hallȝhenn, alhen; also 3–5 halwen, halewen (3 haluwen, 4 hawen), 5 halowen. β. 3 halhe, 3–4 halwe. γ. 4 halȝhes, -is, haliȝhis, halyȝhs, 4–5 haloȝh(e)s; also 3–5 halwes, 4 (alwes), hal(e)wis, halouys, hawlouys, halus, 4–5 halowis, -ous(e, -owse, 4–6 halow(e)s, 5 halewes, -oes, (aleues), 6– hallows, (6–7 -es).
[OE. hálᵹa, definite form of háliᵹ adj. holy (se hálᵹa, seo hálᵹe, the holy (man, woman), þa hálᵹan the holy ones), used at length as an ordinary weak n. (Cf. Ger. der heilige, die heiligen, L. sanctus, It. santo, F. saint.) The -en plural was retained in the south during the ME. period, while halwes appeared in midl. and north before 1300. In the radical form háliᵹ, the á became regularly ō, and the iᵹ became -y; but in hálᵹa the consonant group caused shortening of the á to a, and the ᵹ before a back-vowel produced w, between which and the l was developed o, as in arrow, widow, etc. Cf. hallow v.1]
1. A holy personage, a saint. (Little used after 1500, and now preserved only in All-Hallows and its combinations, q.v.)
a885Will of Alfred in Earle Land Ch. 148 On godes naman and on his haliᵹra. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 142 Cuðberhtus se halᵹa siððan ᵹefremode mihtiᵹlice wundra on ðam mynstre wuniᵹende. c1000― Saints' Lives (E.E.T.S.) II. 52 Swa swa seo haliᵹe [St. Mary] ær foresæde. 1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137 §5 Hi sæden openlice ðæt crist slep & his halechen. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 5 Ure louerd wile cume and alle his haleȝen mid him. c1200Ormin 6009 Bitwenenn Godess hallȝhenn. a1225Juliana 76 As hit deh alhen [MS. B. halhe] to donne. 1230Hali Meid. 19 Dream..þat nane halwes ne mahen. a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 217 Imennesse of haluwen. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 53/227 Heiȝ halewe in heouene is. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 82 Grete halwe..As Seynt Cristyne & Seynt Fey. Ibid. 233 Mony ys the holy halwe, that her y bured ys. Ibid. 255 Ye relykes of halewen yfounde were. a1300Cursor M. 10402 Of halus hei in heuen blis. Ibid. 29549 (Cott. Galba) It takes him fro þe cumpany of halows. c1300Ibid. 22592 (Edin.) Es na halȝie [v. rr. halu, halwe] vndir þe heuin. 13..Sir Beues 1218 (MS. A.) Deliure a þef fro þe galwe, He þe hateþafter be alle halwe! [v. rr. alle halowse, al halowes]. c1325Prose Psalter li[i]. 9 In þe syȝt of þyn halwen. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 182, I vowe to Saynt Michael, & tille halwes þat are. 1340Hampole Psalter v. 15 Ymange aungels & haloghs. 1340― Pr. Consc. 5119 Alle his halghes sal with him come. c1350Will. Palerne 371 To crist & to hal alwes. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 48 Acursed of god of fraunseis and of alle hawen. c1386Chaucer Prol. 14 To ferne halwes [v.r. halowes] kowthe in sondry londes. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. A chirche of al halwen..oure Lady is after Crist cheef halwe of al mankynde. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiii. 60 Him þai honoure and wirschepes before all oþer halowes. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode ii. cxlvii. (1869) 133 Ayenst god and alle hise halwen. c1440Sir Gowther 380 Yet may she sum good halowe seche. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 99, I swere you vpon all halowes. Ibid. xix. 418, I swere to you, sire, by all halowen. 1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 238 Martyrs, Confessours, and virgines, and the halowes of God. 1647Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 67 Watson, thee I long to see By God, and by the Hallowes. [1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. 284 Men said openly that Christ slept and His hallows. (See quot. 1154.)]
2. In pl. applied to the shrines or relics of saints; the gods of the heathen or their shrines.
In the phrase to seek hallows, to visit the shrines or relics of saints; orig. as in sense 1, the saints themselves being thought of as present at their shrines. Cf. quot. c 1440 in 1.
c1200Vices & Virtues (1888) 3 Ðo menn ðe halleð gode behaten god te donne, oðer halȝe to sechen. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1310 Dido, Sche sekith halwis & doth sacryfise. c1400Destr. Troy 650 Swiftly to sweire vpon swete haloghes. Ibid. 10948 With Sacrifice solemne [þai] soghten þere halowes. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 552, I wylle..that ye bere wyth you the halowes for to make theym swere thervpon. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 1636 Right is over the fallows Gone to seke hallows. 1561Schole-ho. Wom. 309 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 117 On pilgremage then must they go, To Wilsdon, Barking, or to some hallowes.
b. holy of hallows: see holy.
3. hallow- in Comb. (chiefly in Sc.) is used for All-Hallow- = All Saints'-, in Hallow-day, Hallow-e'en, Hallowmas, Hallow-tide; also hallow-fair, a fair or market held at Hallowmas; hallow-fire, a bonfire kindled on All-hallow-e'en, an ancient Celtic observance.
1795Macpherson Wyntoun's Cron. Gloss., Halow-fair is held on the day of all saints. 1799Statist. Acc. Scotl. XXI. 145 (Jam.) But now the hallow fire, when kindled, is attended by children only.
▪ II. hallow, n.2|ˈhæləʊ|
Forms: 5 halow, 6– hallow, 7–9 hallo, halloo.
[f. hallow v.2 Often identified in spelling with halloo, although pronounced with stress on first syllable.]
A loud shout or cry, to incite dogs in the chase, to help combined effort, or to attract attention.
c1440Promp. Parv. 223/2 Halow, schypmannys crye, celeuma. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 45 With shouting clamorus hallow. 1603Drayton Bar Wars ii. (R.), With noise of hounds and halloos as distraught. 1634Milton Comus 481 List! list! I hear Some far-off hallo break the silent air. 1783Cowper Epit. Hare 4 Whose foot ne'er tainted morning dew, Nor ear heard huntsmen's hallo. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 226 Gallopping, with whoop and halloo, into the camp.
▪ III. † hallow, n.3 Obs.
[prob. the same word as hallow n.2, transferred to the material encouragement given to the hounds.]
The parts of the hare given to hounds as a reward or encouragement after a successful chase.
c1420Venery de Twety in Rel. Ant. I. 153 Whan the hare is take, and your houndes have ronne wele to hym ye shul blowe aftirward, and ye shul yef to your houndes the halow, and that is the syde, the shuldres, the nekke, and the hed, and the loyne shal to kechonne. 1486Bk. St. Albans E iij b, Wich rewarde when oon the erth it is dalt With all goode hunteris the halow it is calt. 1576Turberv. Venerie 174 Which the Frenchman calleth the reward, and sometimes the quarey, but our old Tristram calleth it the hallow. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 188/1 Hallow..a reward given to Hounds, of beast that are not beasts of Venery.
▪ IV. hallow, v.1|ˈhæləʊ|
Forms: 1 hálᵹian, 2–3 haleȝe(n, 2–4 -iȝe(n, 2–5 -we(n, 3 (alȝen), Orm. hallȝhenn, 3–4 halȝe(n, -ie(n, 3–5 halewe(n, 3–7 halow(e, (4 halu, -ugh, 5 helewe, hawlowe), 6– hallow.
[OE. hálᵹian, -ode, = OS. hêlagôn (M.Du. hēligen, heiligen), OHG. heilagôn (Ger. (heiligen), ON. helga (Sw. helga, Da. hellige), Com. Teut. deriv. of hailag- holy. For the ME. shortening of the á to a, see hallow n.1]
1. trans. To make holy; to sanctify, purify.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John xvii. 19 Ic halᵹiᵹe me sylfne þæt hiᵹ syn eac ᵹehalᵹode. c1000ælfric Exod. xix. 10 Ȝehalᵹa hiᵹ todæᵹ. c1200Ormin 10803 He wollde uss hallȝhenn. a1225Ancr. R. 396 Jesu Cristes blod þet haleweð boð þeos oðre. a1340Hampole Psalter xvii. 28 Traist in him þat he will halighe þe. 1340Ayenb. 237 Miȝtoul uor to halȝy ham þet hit onderuongeþ. 1382Wyclif John xi. 55 Many of the cuntree stiȝeden vp to Jerusalem the day bifore pask, for to halowe them selue. Ibid. xvii. 17 Halwe thou hem in treuthe. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 954 To halowe, sainctifier. 1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. III). 25 Those women whose teares Antiquitie hath hallowed. 1837R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 1 Chief of the Household Gods Which hallow Scotland's lowly cottage-homes! 1892Westcott Gospel of Life 299 Christianity..meets and hallows our broadest views of nature and life.
2. To consecrate, set apart (a person or thing) as sacred to God; to dedicate to some sacred or religious use or office; to bless a thing so that it may be under the particular protection of a deity, or possess divine virtue. arch.
971Blickl. Hom. 205 Gif hit sie mannes ᵹemet þæt he ciricean halᵹian sceole. a1175Cott. Hom. 223 On þan seofeðan deȝ he ȝeendode his wurc..and þane deȝ halȝode. c1205Lay. 17496 Þe king..hæt halȝien þe stude, þe hæhte Stanhenge. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 358 The pope asoyled & blessed Wyllam & al hys..And halewede hys baner. a1300Cursor M. 8867 Quen þat þe temple halughd was. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. lxxxvi. (1495) 582 Saphire stone was syngulerly halowed to Appolin. 1494Fabyan Chron. I. cxxxii. (R.), For to dedicate and halowe the monastery of Seynt Denys in moost solempne wyse. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 121 The Kynges of Englande doth halowe euery yere Crampe rynges. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 210 Often crost with the priestes crewe, And often halowed with holy water dewe. 1648Gage West. Ind. 152 Candlemas day..Bring their Candles to be blessed and hallowed. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. vii. 112 Leo..entered France..to hallow the newly built church of his monastery.
†b. To consecrate (a person) to an office, as bishop, king, etc. Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. i. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 62 Se halᵹa wer Agustinus..wæs ᵹehalᵹod ercebiscop Ongolþeode. c1000O.E. Chron. an. 979 On þys ᵹeare wæs æþelred to cininge ᵹehalᵹod. 1154Ibid. an. 1135 And halechede him to kinge on midewintre dæi. c1325Metr. Hom. 79 Thir nonnes when that thai halowid ware, Thai toke thaire leue hame to fare. [1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xviii. 179 And there..the Lady Matilda was hallowed to Queen by Archbishop Ealdred. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 207 In the reign of Offa..Ecgfrith was ‘hallowed to king’.]
†c. To consecrate (the eucharistic elements). Obs.
c1200Ormin 1727 Þær he Cristess flæsh and blod Hanndleþþ, hallȝheþþ, and offreþþ.
3. To honour as holy, to regard and treat with reverence or awe (esp. God or his name).
a1000Hymns v. 2 (Gr.) Sy þinum weorcum halᵹad noma niðða bearnum! c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 9 Fader ure þu þe ert on heofene, sye þin name ᵹehalᵹed. a1300Cursor M. 25104 Halud be þi nam to neuen. 1382Wyclif Deut. xxxii. 51 Ȝe halwide not me amonge the sones of Yrael. a1440Sir Degrev. 91 They hade halowed hys name Wyth gret nobullé. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cviii, Euen as when first I hallowed thy faire name. 1611Bible Matt. vi. 9 Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy Name. 1645Ussher Body Div. (1647) 358 To hallow the name of God, is to separate it from all profane and unholy abuse, to a holy and reverend use.
4. trans. To keep (a day, festival, etc.) holy; to observe solemnly.
971Blickl. Hom. 37 Halᵹiaþ eower fæsten. c1175Lamb. Hom. 45 To haliȝen and to wurðien þenne dei þe is icleped sunne dei. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 85 Have mynde to halwe þin holiday. 1389Eng. Gilds (1870) 17 Euery brother & sister..shullen halwen euermore ye day of seint George. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) D vij b, Halowyng the feaste of themperours natiuitie. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 66 Remember that thow hallow the Sabboth day. 1796Coleridge Left Place of Retirement 10 Hallowing his Sabbath-day by quietness.
†b. absol. To keep holy day. Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 155 Hure riht time þenne men fasten shal oðer halȝen. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 929 Haleweþ wyþ us at þe noun In þe wurschyp of oure lady. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) i. xviii. 51/1 Tyme to halowe and tyme to labour.
▪ V. hallow, v.2|ˈhæləʊ|
Forms: 4–7 halow, 6–8 hallow, 7–9 hallo, halloo. See also hollow.
[ME. halow-en, corresp. to and prob. a. OF. hallo-er to pursue crying or shouting.]
1. trans.
a. To chase or pursue with shouts.
b. To urge on or incite with shouts.
c. To call or summon in, back, etc. with shouting.
c1340Cursor M. (Trin.) 15833 Þei..foule halowed him..as he had ben an hounde. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 379 Þe hert found is I-halowed and rechased fast long tyme. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 228 He was halowid and y-huntid, and y-hote trusse. 1530Palsgr. 577/2, I halowe houndes with a krye. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1003/1 To hallow home cardinall Poole their countriman. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. i. (1677) 99 Hallow in your Hounds untill they have all undertaken it. 1696S. Sewall Diary 13 Jan. (1878) I. 419, I went to Sheaf and he hallowed over Jno. Russell again. a1713T. Ellwood Autobiog. (1765) 265 Clapping their Hands and hallowing them on to this evil Work. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 184 They [fox hounds] were then halloed back.
2. intr. To shout, in order to urge on dogs to the chase, assist combined effort, or attract attention.
c1420Anturs of Arth. v, The hunteres they haulen [= halwen], by hurstes and by hoes. c1440Promp. Parv. 224/1 Halowyn, or cryyn as schypmen (P. halowen with cry), celeumo. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. lxi. [lxiv.] 209 They..halowed after them as thoughe they had ben wolues. 1567W. Wren in Hakluyt Voy. (1589) 149 When they hallowed we hallowed also. 1612Drayton Polyolb. xiii. 216 The shepherd him pursues, and to his dog doth halow. 1634Milton Comus 226, I cannot halloo to my brothers. 1815W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 2 Though loudly the Bards all against me may halloo, I rank with the time a true chip of Apollo.
3. trans. To shout (something) aloud.
a1400Morte Arth. 3319 What harmes he has hente he halowes fulle sone. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. i. v. 291 Hallow your name to the reuerberate hilles. 1676Dryden Aurengz. v. i. 2226 In your Ear Will hallow, Rebel, Tyrant, Murtherer. 1812H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. ix. (1873) 82 And never halloo ‘Heads below!’
Hence ˈhallowing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1602 There watȝ blawyng of prys in mony breme horne, Heȝe halowing on hiȝe. 1483Cath. Angl. 172/1 An Halowynge of hundis, boema. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes Pref., The hallowinge Hunter, will set his houndes and hawkes upon me. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. ii. 213 Hallowing and singing of Anthemes. 1755B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sc. 156 Making great Noises by hallowing, hooting, etc.
▪ VI. † ˈhallow, int. Obs.
[app. a variant of hollo interj., influenced by hallow v.2, n.2]
An exclamation to arouse to action, or to excite attention.
1674Butler Geneva Ballad 63 Heark! How he opens with full Cry! Hallow my Hearts, beware of Rome.
▪ VII. hallow
obs. or dial. form of hollow a. |