| 释义 |
▪ I. † reˈdeem, n. Sc. Obs. rare—1.
In 5 radem.
[f. the vb.]
The act of redeeming; redemption.
c1470Henry Wallace x. 1005 The Roman buikis at than was in Scotland, He gart be brocht..And, but radem, thai brynt thaim thar ilkan.
▪ II. redeem, v.|rɪˈdiːm|
Forms: 5 Sc. rademe, radeym, 5–6 redeme, (5 redem), 6 Sc. redeime, 6–7 redeeme, 7– redeem.
[ad. F. rédimer (15th c. in Godef.), or L. rediměre to buy back, etc., f. re(d)- re- + emĕre to buy. The popular OF. form raembre is represented in ME. by raim v.
The vowel of the second syllable in redeem and exeme (in place of *redime and *exime) may have originated in the pa. tense, after L. redēmit, exēmit, and its retention would be favoured by the existence of redemption and exempt.]
1. trans. To buy back (a thing formerly possessed); to make payment for (a thing held or claimed by another).
c1425Wyntoun Cron. ii. v. 365 Off Egipte al þe tenendreis He redemyt þaim agayn, And maid þaim to the kynge demayn. 1535Coverdale Lev. xxv. 25 Then shall he redeme that his brother solde. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vi. 339 Thair was the peace maid, and with a smal soume redeimet the hail Iles. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xvii. (1848) 268 That precious Time, which no sum..can either purchase or redeem. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes ii. 80 The Firstling of the Ass which was to be redeemed with a Lamb. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 828 A clause, whereby the granter..may, on payment of a certain sum, redeem the lands or subjects conveyed.
absol.1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xli. 262 He that redeemeth, hath no title to the thing redeemed, before the Redemption. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 828 Rights of reversion..must be exercised within forty years from the time at which the proprietor is allowed to redeem.
b. To regain, recover (an immaterial thing).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 11 b, Who may redeme grace or recouer it whan he hath lost it? 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, v. iv. 48 Thou hast redeem'd thy lost opinion. 1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 82 He would redeeme (if possible) his health with the losse of halfe his Learning. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 365 Then, to redeem his Honour at a Blow, He moves his Camp. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xviii. 206 If this friend..had since redeemed, or in part redeemed, her position by a second marriage.
c. To regain or recover by force. (Cf. 4.)
1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. clxvii, The toils of war we must endure And from the injurious Dutch redeem the seas. 1742Gray Propertius ii. 54 Redeem what Crassus lost, and vindicate his name. 1810Scott Lady of L. v. vii, The Gael, of plain and river heir, Shall with strong hand redeem his share.
2. a. To free (mortgaged property), to recover (a person or thing put in pledge), by payment of the amount due, or by fulfilling some obligation.
c1470Henry Wallace vi. 86 Thow sall loss a gage Quhilk neuir in erd sall be redemyt agayne. 1538Elyot, Repignero, to quite or redeme a pledge or gage. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 856 He redemed the Marques Dorcet, and Sir John Bourchier whome he hadde left as pledges at Paris for money there before borowed. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa vi. 266 They are constrained to lay their sonnes to gage, and then goe rob and rifle trauellers to redeeme them againe. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 159 They will allow the mortgagor at any reasonable time to re-call or redeem his estate. 1791J. Nichols in Boswell's Johnson an. 1784, Dr. Johnson collected a sum of money to redeem his friend's clothes, which in two days after were pawned again. 1810Scott Lady of L. vi. xxvii, To him thy woes, thy wishes, bring. He will redeem his signet ring. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 42 The Crown jewels had been pledged... Edward was not in a condition to redeem them.
absol.1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 387 On a bill by a mortgagee, to redeem or foreclose.
fig.1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. iii. 8 My Honor is at pawne, And but my going, nothing can redeeme it.
b. To buy off, compound for (a charge or obligation) by payment or some other way.
1494Fabyan Chron. v. lxxvi. 55 It was answered that they hadde redemed the sayde Trybute with the Pryce of theyr bloode. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 298 To the ende they should redeeme this voyage with money. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xxxviii. 119 Now that there was no remedy to redeem their slauery but by resistance. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 59 A judgement against a purchaser of an equity of redemption, or to redeem incumbrances, &c. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 504 A guarantee fund, which..should be sufficient at the end of that term to redeem the annuity at the rate proposed.
transf.1633Ford 'Tis Pity iii. vi, Is there no way left to redeem my miseries?
c. To fulfil, perform (a pledge, promise, etc.).
1840Macaulay Ess., Clive (1887) 559 Clive redeemed his pledge. He..effected one of the most..difficult and salutary reforms. 1847James Convict viii, I call upon you to redeem that promise. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 38 Some consciousness of not having redeemed their engagements.
3. To ransom, liberate, free (a person) from bondage, captivity, or punishment; to save (one's life) by paying a ransom.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 61 Hanibal offrede to the Romanes that thei scholde redeme the Romanes in captiuite. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxviii. 37 The weir is gon,..The ransoun maid, the presoneris redemit. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. i. i. 8 Wanting gilders to redeeme their liues. Ibid. iv. iv. 86, I sent you Monie to redeeme you, By Dromio heere. 1639Massinger Unnat. Combat v. ii, The Turkish empire offer'd for his ransom Should not redeem his life. a1711Ken Preparatives Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 101 The Christians, Slaves to Pagans sold, Whom he redeem'd with Gold. 1785Jefferson Writ. (1859) I. 477 In order to justify ourselves for undertaking to redeem you, without orders. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xix. 201 His mistress is going to send down money to redeem him.
refl.1641Baker Chron. (1653) 120 One Abraham, found a Delinquent, redeems himself for seven hundred Marks. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 301 He had been a slave 9 years, then redeemed himself. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. v. I. 657 He was therefore suffered to redeem himself by giving a bond for forty thousand pounds.
b. Const. from, out of, to. Also with adverbs of place, as hence, thence, home.
1508Fisher Wks. (E.E.T.S.) 228 In his tresour hous is ryches innumerable, wherwith..he may redeme all the worlde from thy pryson and captyuyte of the deuyll. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. iii. 86 Shall our Coffers then, Be emptied, to redeeme a Traitor home? 1611Bible Deut. vii. 8 The Lord..redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh. 1686A. Horneck Crucif. Jesus xvii. 471 He that redeems a slave out of Turkish captivity [etc.]. 1856Olmsted Slave States 282 It was, for a long time, generally expected..that the State would thus be redeemed to freedom.
4. To rescue, save, deliver. † Also with out.
c1470Henry Wallace ix. 231 Wallace, that has rademyt Scotland. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. heading, Faire virgin, to redeeme her deare, Brings Arthure to the fight. 1591Jas. VI Lepanto Chorus Venetis, Their netts were sett about, But yet our dearest Father in Heauen, He hath redeemed vs out. 1683Wood Life 11 Apr. (O.H.S.) III. 42 The rout..laid wait for Charlet's comming out of the Castle. He therefore sends a letter to the vice-chancellor to redeem him. 1700Dryden Ovid's Met. xii. 325 He thrusts aside The crowd of centaurs and redeems the bride. 1871Browning Balaust. 903 The man was like some merchant who, in storm, Throws the freight over to redeem the ship.
refl.1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 507 How faine would I haue hated all mankinde, And thou redeem'st thy selfe.
absol.c1470Henry Wallace ii. 183 Bot thow rademe, na liff thai ordand me. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. v. 88 Leuied an Army, weening to redeeme, And haue install'd me in the Diademe. 1611Bible Isa. l. 2 Is my hande shortened at all, that it cannot redeeme?
b. Const. from, out of, to.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iii. i. 181 Let me redeeme my brothers both from death. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 1331 Arise, and doo thy selfe redeeme from shame. 1611Bible Ps. xxv. 22 Redeeme Israel, O God, out of all his Troubles. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 156 When nothing now could be looked for by Antwerp but extremity, behold it redeemed from that, by the Conquerours Clemency. 1697Dryden æneid vi. 493 Redeem from this Reproach my wand'ring Ghost. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 225 They redeemed themselves with prayers and promises from their hands. 1819Shelley Julian 332 My creed should have redeemed me from repenting. 1843E. Miall in Nonconf. III. 209 We trust we have said enough to redeem the voluntary principle from contempt.
c. To reclaim (land). Also const. from.
1721Perry Daggenh. Breach 11 Those Levels which are of large extent, and not easy to be redeemed when a Breach is made. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. ii. ii. 112 Where palaces have sprung On banks redeem'd from the rude ocean's ooze. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 138 We find evidence that considerable spaces were redeemed from the original ocean and converted into dry land after the chalk was formed.
5. To free from a charge or claim.
1494Fabyan Chron. vi. ccvi. 217 He..redeemed the scole of Saxons, fre of all former trybute. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 178 The clergy in the old provinces did not pay the capitation; but they had redeemed themselves at the expence of about 24 millions. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xviii. 210 It would almost seem as if a yearly tribute of thirty pounds..redeemed the borough from all claims.
6. Of God or Christ: To deliver from sin and its consequences.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxx. 25 Thow, that on rude ws ransomit and redemit. 1558Goodman How to Obey 233 Subiecte your selues whollye to God: for he hath redemed you. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xli. 262 Our Saviour..was not King of those that he Redeemed, before hee suffered death. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i. (1841) I. 20 God manifested in the flesh, sent from heaven to redeem a lost world. 1781Cowper Truth 279 A soul redeemed demands a life of praise. 1827Pollok Course T. x, The others, who refused to be redeemed,—They stand unsanctified.
b. Const. from, to, unto.
c1460Hymn Virgin 6 in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 81 The hevynly kyng enteryd thy close virgynall, Man to redeme from dedely synne. 1530Palsgr. 682/1 Christ redemed us by his passyon from our gostly enemy. 1557N. T. (Genev.) Rev. v. 9 Thou wast killed, and hast redemed vs to God by thy bloude. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 78 Christ als discendit to the hell, And vs redemit from that paine. 1732Law Serious C. x. (ed. 2) 141 To redeem Souls unto God, to fill Heaven with Saints. 1754C. Wesley Hymns (ed. 3) xxxii, A slave redeem'd from death, and sin.
†7. To obtain by purchase, to buy. Obs.
c1520Barclay Jugurth xvii. 25 b, This Jugurth redemed of Calphurnius but onely delayng and deferinge of the warre. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 125 The tyme woulde come, wherin they would wyshe to have redemed his frendshyp derely. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 693 The Emperour must in many things yeeld to the requests of the French king, and redeeme his good will. 1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 38 But aged folk will find it harder and dearer to redeem this the last volume than if they had been chapmen for all three at the first.
†b. To go in exchange for. Obs.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. v. 108 Would some part of my young yeeres Might but redeeme the passage of your Age. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. v. Wks. 1856 I. 66 Oh! that my life..Would but redeeme one minute of his breath!
8. To save (time) from being lost.
After the N.T. passages Eph. v. 16 and Col. iv. 5, in which the Vulgate has tempus redimentes, rendering ἐξαγοραζόµενοι τὸν καιρόν.
1526Tindale Col. iv. 5 Walke wysely to them that are with out, and redeme the tyme. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. ii. 241 Redeeming time, when men thinke least I will. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 75 Redeem we time?—Its loss we dearly buy. 1781Cowper Retirement 561 Not to redeem his time, but his estate. 1880J. F. Clarke Self-Culture iii. (1889) 78 He worked, not by faith, but by sight,..with indefatigable energy, redeeming the time.
9. Of persons: To make amends or atonement for, to compensate (an error, fault, etc.).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 14 b, Syth man may by almesdede redeme all his synnes. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 18 Yf any man wound another..he redemeth thoffence. 1630Lord Banians Introd., The President, was urgent with me, to redeeme their omissions. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 214 Which of ye will be mortal to redeem Mans mortal crime..? a1715Burnet Own Time ii. (1724) I. 257 They will labour to redeem all that is pass'd by turning..violently against them. 1790Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 414 The naked heir might often complain, that his father's sins had been redeemed at too high a price. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. App. 765 Snorro makes him redeem former misdeeds by saving Cnut when in great danger.
†b. To make up to oneself for (some wrong sustained); to repay. Obs. rare—1.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 132, I will redeeme all this on Percies head.
c. To make good (a loss). rare.
1629Milton Nativity 153 The Babe..That on the bitter cross Must redeem our loss. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. v. 528 The English were eager to redeem by a victory the loss of Trincomalee.
10. Of qualities, actions, etc.: To make up for, compensate for, counterbalance (some defect or fault).
a1586Sidney (J.), Extremely faulty; and yet having no good thing to redeem these. 1592Nobody & Someb. in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) 314 The wrongs that you have seene In me, my future vertues shall redeeme. a1628Sir J. Beaumont Bosworth F. 178 Then doubled haste redeems his former pause. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlviii. V. 27 His want of virtue was not redeemed by any superior talents. a1826Gifford Ford's Plays (1827) I. Introd. 15 There is nothing to redeem the absurdity of the plot. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §6. 87 His bravery had redeemed much of his earlier ill-fame.
b. To save (a person or thing) from some defect or blot. Also without const.
1601Shakes. All's Well iv. iii. 306 He hath out-villain'd villanie so farre, that the raritie redeemes him. 1781Cowper Table Talk 664 A spark, Sufficient to redeem the modern race From total night and absolute disgrace. 1833Lytton Godolphin xxxviii, His ambition made Augustus odious; his occasional forgetfulness of ambition alone redeems him. 1842Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 279 Perhaps some modern touches here and there Redeem'd it from the charge of nothingness. 1849Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. xxix. 334 A blank ceiling is not to be redeemed by a decorated ventilator.
11.
†a. To restore or bring into a condition or state. Also intr. To turn to a state. Obs.
c1470Henry Wallace x. 1054 For Goddis saik radeym anys to grace, And tak the croun. 1613Middleton (title) The Triumphs of Truth... Directed, Written, and redeem'd into Forme, from the ignorance of some former times. 1688Norris Theory Love 203 As to the redeeming us into the ability of closing with what is discern'd best.
b. To restore, set right again. rare.
1575Gascoigne Flowers Wks. 28 Hee wyll redeeme our deadly drowping state. 1814Scott Rokeby i. xix, With his barb'd horse..Stout Cromwell has redeem'd the day.
†12. To gain, reach (a place). Obs. rare—1.
1648Herrick Hesper., Oberon's Palace, By many a crosse-Track they redeem a bank of mosse Spungie and swelling.
Add:[2.] d. To exchange (trading stamps, coupons, etc.) for goods, discount, or money. Occas. absol. orig. U.S.
1904Laws State of N.Y. II. dclvii. 1652 Persons who sell or issue trading stamps shall redeem them in money or goods at face value. 1915Lit. Digest 5 June 1363/1 Last year there were over $100,000,000 worth of coupons, trading-stamps, and similar premium-giving devices sold. On this vast amount there were only ten to twelve million dollars' worth redeemed. 1932Business Week 10 Feb. 12/2 Its stamps are purchased and issued to consumers by retailers, redeemed by the S & H premium stores. 1957Jrnl. Retailing Winter 165/2 Some of them..redeemed stamps for merchandise rather infrequently. 1976Sunday Mail (Glasgow) 21 Nov. 8 (Advt.), Player's No. 10... If you decide to make the switch from coupons you will be able to redeem your existing coupons or exchange them for cash. 1989Guardian 23 June 25/4 Public confidence in the stamp empires was growing, reflected in a tendency to redeem later for that more valuable item (2.5 to 3 books) rather than trade in quick. |