| 释义 |
‖ Hades|heɪdiːz|
Also 7–8 Ades.
[a. Gr. ᾅδης (orig. αἵδης or ἀΐδης) of doubtful origin; in Homer, the name of the god of the lower world, but in later times transferred to his kingdom abode, or house, so that it became a name for the nether world; in LXX and N.T. Greek, used to render Heb. shĕōl, the abode of the dead or departed spirits. Introduced into English use c 1600, in connexion with theological controversies about the fifth article of the Apostles' Creed.]
1. Gr. Myth.
a. The oldest name of the god of the dead, also called Pluto.
1599Broughton's Lett. xii. 41 By the Poets figments Hades was Iupiters brother, both sonnes to Saturne: and so by your own iudges, the penner of the Creede, when he said that Christ descended εἰς ᾅδου, meant that he went into the house of Hades. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 964 And by them stood Orcus and Ades, and the dreaded name Of Demogorgon. 1791Cowper Iliad iii. 384 The drear abodes Of Ades.
b. transf. The kingdom of Hades, the lower world, the abode of departed spirits or shades.
1599Broughton's Lett. xii. 43 Homer presents vnto Vlysses being in Hades, βιὰν ἡρακλειάν, the force and strength of Hercules a ghost. 1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. iv. 62 The dead seem all alive in the humane Hades of Homer; yet cannot well speak, prophesie, or know the living, except they drink bloud, wherein is the life of man. 1847Tennyson Princ. iv. 419 The enthroned Persephone in Hades. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 417 The old Homeric notion of a gibbering ghost flitting away to Hades.
2. a. After ᾅδης of the Greek New Testament, and hence in the Revised Eng. version: The state or abode of the dead, or of departed spirits after this life; corresp. to the Heb. Sheol.
(In the earlier Eng. versions rendered hell, exc. that in Acts ii. 27, 31, Geneva has ‘in grave’; hence by some identified with the abode of the devil and his angels.)
1597H. Broughton Ep. to Nobility 37 That state to the body is Sheol: Haides in the Greeke is the very same: and neither of them is euer in Scripture, directlie the state of Eternall Torment. 1599Broughton's Lett. xi. 38 His [Bucer's] conclusion is, that this article He descended into Hell, is but an explication of the former He dyed and was buried, taking Hades for the graue. 1604Bilson (title) The Survey of Christ's Sufferings for Man's redemption; and of his descent to Hades or Hel for our deliverance. 1698Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 150 Of the Place and State whither they are going, the dark invisible Hades. a1711Ken Hymnarium Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 127 Shew me the Gulph, that's fixed between The upper Hades, and the sub-terrene. 1881N. T. (R.V.) Acts ii. 31 Neither was he left in Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption.
b. Used trivially as a substitute for hell in imprecations, etc.
1912A. Bennett Matador ii, What the hades are you waiting there for? 1917[see blind n. 11]. 1942T. Bailey Pink Camellia xxvii. 196 What in Hades is he doing here? 1972G. Bell Villains Galore i. 4 Damn protocol to Hades! |