| 释义 |
▪ I. † had, hade, hod Obs.
Forms: 1 hád, 2–4 had, 3–4 hade, hod.
[OE. hád = OS. hêd, condition, rank (:—OTeut. *haidu-z: cf. Goth. haidus way, manner, OHG. heit m. and fem., person, personality, sex, condition, quality, rank, ON. heiðr honour, dignity, Sw. häder, Da. hæder honour). Being used in comb. with ns. as in cild-hád, mæᵹden-hád, etc., this word, after its obsolescence as an independent word, remained as a suffix, ME. -hod, mod. -hood q.v. The n. after 1200 appears in southern and midl. ME. as hôd, in north. as had, hode; the forms in a being much more numerous, it is here treated under had, although, if it had lived on, the modern Eng. form would have been hode or hoad.]
1. Person (in various senses).
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. xix. [xvii.] (1890) 312 ænne God on þreom astondnessum oðþo hadum. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 16 Þu ne be-sceawast nanes mannes had. c1000ælfric Gram. xxii. (Z.) 127 Þry hadas synt worda. Se forma had ys þe sprecþ be him sylfum ana. c1175Lamb. Hom. 99 An god..on þreom hadan. c1200Ormin 10989 Þreo hadess, Faderr and Sune and Haliȝ Gast. a1225Ancr. R. 26 On almihti God, þrile ine þreo hodes.
2. Sex. (Only in OE.)
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. i. i. (1890) 26 ælcere yldo and hade. a1000Christ 99 Gewuldrad is se heanra had.
3. Order, rank, degree; holy orders.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. (Sweet) 3 æᵹðer ᵹe godcundra hada ᵹe woruldcundra. c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xiv. [xiii.] (1890) 436 Wær inn læwdum hade. c1000ælfric Gram. xi. (Z.) 79 Gradas, had oððe stæpe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 101 Bisceopas þes ilcan hades. c1200Ormin Ded. 9 Unnderr kanunnkess had and lif. a1225Ancr. R. 318 Munuch, preost, oðer clerk, and of þet hode. a1300Cursor M. 21248 O biscop siþen he tok þe hade. 1340Ayenb. 235 Uor þet hod þet hi habbeþ onderuonge. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Ninian 374 Al at to sic had partenyt.
4. State, condition, quality, kind.
Beowulf (Z.) 1297 Hæleþa leofost, on ᵹe-siðes had. a1000Sal. & Sat. (Gr.) 408 Leoht hafað hiw and had haliᵹes gastes. c1230Hali Meid. 23 Of þeos þre had, meidenhad and widewehad and te þridde wedlached.
▪ II. had
pa. tense and pple. of have, q.v.
▪ III. had
mod. form of hald, north. f. hold v. |