| 释义 |
habitude|ˈhæbɪtjuːd|
Also 5 abitude.
[a. F. habitude (14th c. in Littré) disposition, habit, ad. L. habitūdo condition, plight, habit, appearance, f. habit-, ppl. stem of habēre.]
1. Manner of being or existing; constitution; inherent or essential character; mental or moral constitution, disposition; usual or characteristic bodily condition, temperament: = habit n. 5, 8.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 65 Þe leche muste loke þe disposicioun, þe abitude, age, vertu, and complexioun of him þat is woundid. 1540Morysine Vives' Introd. Wysd. B iv b, Helthe is a temperat habytude of the bodye. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 996 Vertue proceeding from the sincere habitude of the Spirit. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 114 His real habitude gave life and grace To appertainings and to ornament. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 9 Bodily exercise..addeth thereto a good habitude and strong constitution. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iii. 86 Because they had not εὐεξία, a good habitude of soul. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. Pref. 7 By a happy comparison of the habitudes of the adjacent fossils. 1870Proctor Other Worlds 8 Various as are the physical habitudes which we encounter as we travel over the surface of our globe.
†2. Manner of being with relation to something else; relation, respect. Obs.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. 123 He is so conteined in the Sacrament, that he abideth in heauen: and we determyne no other presence but of habitude. 1587Golding De Mornay 89 There is a Father, a Sonne, and a habitude of them both, which wee would haue called the Loue, the Union, or the kindnesse of them, that is to wit, the Holy Ghost. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. Annot., The habitude (which we call proportion) of one sound to another. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. iii. 288 The habitude of this inferiour globe unto the superiour. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iv. xi. §14 The same Ideas having immutably the same Habitudes one to another. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. iv. §21 Proportion..signifies the habitude or relation of one quantity to another.
†b. in full habitude: to the full extent, wholly, entirely. Obs. rare. (Cf. in all respects.)
a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 165 Although I believe not the report in full habitude.
†3. Familiar relation or acquaintance; familiarity, intimacy; association, intercourse. Obs. (Cf. habit n. 10.)
1612Drayton Poly-olb. xvii. Notes 271 Most kinde habitude then was twixt him and the Pope. 1655Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 65 The discourse of some with whom I have had some habitudes since my coming home. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 314 The entertainment found among their play-fellows, and habitude with the rest of the family. 1796Burke Lett. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 56, I have lived for a great many years in habitudes with those who professed them.
†b. concr. A person with whom one is familiar; an associate, acquaintance. Obs. rare.
1676G. Etherege Man of Mode iv. i, La Corneus and Sallyes were the only habitudes we had.
4. A disposition to act in a certain way, arising either from natural constitution, or from frequent repetition of the same act; a customary or usual mode of action: = habit n. 9.
1603Florio Montaigne ii. xi. (1632) 235 A man shall plainly perceive in the minds of these two men..so perfect an habitude unto vertue, that [etc.]. 1641Marcombes in Lismore Papers Ser. ii. (1888) IV. 234 Beter for a yong Gentleman not to haue Learned under another then to haue taken an ill habitude. 1683Dryden Life Plutarch 21 An habitude of commanding his passions in order to his health. 1736Butler Anal. i. v. §2 Many habitudes of life, not given by nature, but which nature directs us to acquire. 1766Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 14/1 Attachment to those habitudes which they derived from their ancestors. 1805Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. xvii. (1850) 242 All the great habitudes of every species of animals have repeatedly been proved to be independent of imitation. 1829Landor Imag. Conv. Wks. 1846 I. 367/2 The habitude of nearly three months renders this food..more commodious to my studies and more conducive to my sleep. 1837Blackw. Mag. XLII. 233 The bird, contrary to his habitude, was roosting on a lower perch.
b. (Without a or pl.) = habit n. 9 b.
1599Jas. I βασιλ. Δωρον (1682) 28 Which..by long habitude, are thought rather vertue than vice among them. c1704Prior Henry & Emma 463 Brought by long habitude from bad to worse. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 98 ⁋11 [They] can be learned only by habitude and conversation. 1826Southey in Q. Rev. 307 The natural effect of local habitude is to produce local attachment. 1889Spectator 9 Nov. 642/2 In the new land..the fetters of habitude fall off and the cultivated man will work like the hind.
†5. Chem. (pl.) Ways of acting or ‘behaviour’ of one substance with another; reaction. Obs.
1793Hope in Phil. Trans. Edin. (1798) IV. 10 Habitudes of Strontian mineral with acids. 1818Faraday Exp. Res. xxxii. (1826) 183 Most authors..have noticed its habitudes with sulphuric acid. 1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 78 Trial should be made of the habitudes of different colours in combination with their flux. |