| 释义 |
▪ I. gyve, n. Now arch. or poet.|dʒaɪv|
Chiefly pl. Forms: pl. 3, 6, 7 gives, (5 gyvys), 5–6 guyv(i)es, (7 gieves), 7–8 guives, 4– gyves. sing. 6 give, 7 guive, 7– gyve.
[ME. give, of obscure origin.
The alliteration in ME. poetry shows that the word was originally pronounced with initial (g), and from the spelling guive it would appear that this pronunciation continued until the 18th c.; indeed, it is indicated in the pronouncing Dicts. of Sheridan (1780) and Scott (1797). The now prevailing pronunciation with |dʒ| is due to misinterpretation of the graphic form of a word that had become obsolete in oral use. The form points to an OF. *guive (spelt give in French Chron. Lond., 14th c.); Prof. Skeat suggests that this may represent an adoption of some derivative of the Teut. root *wîþ- (OHG. wîfan to wind round, LG. wîþ, a straw-band). But the absence of any record of the word in continental OF. constitutes a serious objection to this conjecture. Can AF. guive be an adoption of the synonymous ME. and OE. wiđđe, the initial w being represented by gu-, and the unfamiliar Eng. dental spirant represented by v ? If this suggestion be correct, Layamon used both the Eng. and the Fr. form of the word; cf. with quot. c 1205 below the following (line 22833) ‘Nimeð me þene ilke mon, and doð wiððe an his sweore’.]
A shackle, esp. for the leg; a fetter.
c1205Lay. 15538 Giues swiðe grete: heo duden an his foten. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 461/145 A-non-riȝht þis holie Man þe Gyues he to-brac. 1306Pol. Songs (Camden) 221 With feteres ant with gyves ichot he wes to-drowe, From the Tour of Londone. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 51 Shal neuere gyues the greue..Prisone ne peyne. c1420Chron. Vilod. (Horstm.) 4413 Bot þe gyuys duden þo anon alle to⁓barst. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clxii. 155 The greuous correccyons that he sawe..as in werynge of irons and guyues. 1505Nottingham Rec. III. 100 Duo paria de guyvies de ferro. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts xvi. 60 All the prisoners gyues and other lyke bonds were loosed. 1566Drant Wail. Hierem. K v b, Pressinge downe, with pondrouse gyves, my feete. 1600Fairfax Tasso v. xlii. 83 Hands..Not to be tide in giues and twisted cords. 1631J. Taylor (Water P.) Turn Fort. Wheel (1848) 24 Helpe me..To fire and powder, Manacles and gives. a1658Cleveland Wks. (1687) 253 The benum'd Captive crampt in his cold Gives. 1704J. Pitts Acc. Mahometans viii. 115 The Women of Algier..wear great Rings, almost like Guives about their Legs. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. II. 105 We may as well suppose, that a felon would forge his own gyves. 1810Scott Lady of L. vi. i, The debtor wakes to thought of gyve and jail. 1828Tennyson Lover's T. ii. 155 Upon his steely gyves. 1829Hood Dream Eugene A. xxxvi, Eugene Aram walked between With gyves upon his wrist. 1900Q. Rev. Jan. 181 You read of a youth brought up in a country where all the world wore a gyve on the right leg.
b. transf. and fig.
1587M. Grove Pelops & Hipp. (1878) 93 Though long I wretch doe weare the giue And carefull clog of heauinesse. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 242 Playing patient sports in vnconstrain[e]d giues. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 251 Not fettred with the gieves of unjust scruples. 1616B. Jonson Forest iv. To the world, Such as blow away their liues, And neuer will redeeme a day, Enamor'd of their golden gyues. 1624Fletcher Wife for Month i. ii, A golden Give, a pleasing wrong. 1700Dryden Fables, Meleager & Atalanta 150 Telamon..happ'd to meet A rising Root, that held his fastned Feet; So down he fell; whom, sprawling on the Ground, His Brother from the Wooden Gyves unbound. 1844Disraeli Coningsby ii. i. 60 The gyves and trammels of office.
▪ II. gyve, v.|dʒaɪv|
Also 6 give. pa. pple. 3 i-gwived, 4 i-gyved, y-gyvid.
[f. gyve n.]
trans. To fasten with, or as with, gyves; to fetter, shackle.
c1290Beket 11 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 106 He was sone i-nome, Ase A sclaue forth i-lad and i-don In prisone, And faste was i-gwiued. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 203 Egwynus byþouȝte hym of þe synnes of his ȝouþe, and gyvede hym self..and wente so i-gyved to Rome. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 83 They were gyuyd in fyry feturs and hangyd vp in the myddys of fyre. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark vi. 29 Johns head was priuily striken of after he hadde layne a whyle fast gyued in pryson. 1613Heywood Silver Age i. Wks. 1874 III. 86 Gyve his legges in Irons, Till we determine further of his death. 1635― Hierarch. iv. 268 He the old Dragon gyv'd and bound. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 79 There was no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet. 1835Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administr. (1837) III. 199 To fetter their hands, and gyve their legs.
b. fig. or with reference to immaterial things.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 191 He..gyued me in goutes, I may nouȝte go at large. 14..Circumcision in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 90 My wittis be so dull with rudenes, And in the cheynes of ignoraunce gyved. 1592Lyly Midas ii. ii. 18 Eristus, whose eyes are sticht on Cælia's face, And thoughts gyved to her beautie. 1604Shakes. Oth. ii. i. 171, I will giue thee in thine own Courtship. 1631Heywood 2nd Pt. Faire Maid of W. iii. Wks. 1874 II. 381 He's gyv'd to me by faith, but else at liberty. 1808J. Barlow Columb. v. 138 Dependent feelings for a distant throne Gyve the crampt soul that fears to think alone. 1867Carlyle Remin. II. 147 Hampered and gyved as we were by the genius loci and its difficulties.
▪ III. gyve
obs. form of gif conj., give. |