| 释义 |
gyroscope Dynamics.|ˈdʒaɪərəskəʊp|
[ad. F. gyroscope (Foucault, 1852): see gyro- and -scope.]
a. An instrument designed to illustrate the dynamics of rotating bodies, and consisting essentially of a solid rotating wheel mounted in a ring, and having its axis free to turn in any direction. Also used, in various modifications or in conjunction with other equipment, to provide a horizontal or vertical reference direction (as in the artificial horizon and the gyro-compass), to stabilize ships, mono-rail vehicles, etc., and to measure angular velocity and angular acceleration (as in the turn-and-bank indicator and other navigational devices).
The form of this apparatus invented by Foucault is contrived so as to render evident the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the wheel (being free from the influence of disturbing forces) to maintain its rotation in a fixed plane independently of the earth's motion.
1856Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Ser. ii. XXI. 119 Foucault placed between the poles of a strong electro-magnet the solid of revolution belonging to the gyroscope. 1857Chambers's Jrnl. 30 May 351/2 To overcome it [sc. rolling and pitching]..the professor invented a balanced frame, with free axes for rotation, somewhat on the principle of the gyroscope, which..remains uninfluenced by the..movements of the ship. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xxii. §170 (1875) 486 That opposition which the axial momentum of a rotating body makes to any change in the plane of rotation (so beautifully exhibited in the gyroscope). 1862Sir H. Holland Ess. i. 27 The Gyroscope of Foucault..shews to the eye in a few minutes, by the angular deviation from its plane of rotation, the movement the earth has made in this short space of time. 1871Cornh. Mag. XXIV. 450 It is probable that the principle of the instrument called the gyroscope will be called into action to secure steadiness of motion [for aircraft]. 1879G. B. Prescott Sp. Telephone 261 [Prof. Dolbear] invented and constructed a gyroscope to run by electro⁓magnetism. 1891Cassell's Fam. Mag. 187/1 A small gyroscope has also been fitted to the ship's sextants, so as to give an invariable line of sight. 1904Daily Chron. 29 Feb. 4/5 The newest torpedoes, we are told, will have a speed of thirty knots for 3,000 yards, and, thanks to the gyroscope, almost perfect accuracy can be relied upon. 1907Standard 23 Mar., The experiments showed conclusively that gyroscopes could be designed which would exercise a sensible steadying effect upon even the largest passenger steamers on service. 1942B. A. Shields Princ. Flight viii. 297 The gyro horizon, or the artificial horizon as it is often called, also depends on a gyroscope for its operation. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics ix. 372 The gyroscope in conjunction with the accelerometer forms the heart of modern space vehicle guidance systems. 1966Burger & Corbet Ship Stabilizers ii. 24 The three types of ‘three-frame’ gyroscopes discussed are often called ‘displacement’ gyroscopes because they can measure angular displacement between the framework in which they are mounted and a fixed reference mark—the rotor axle.
b. Comb. gyroscope-compass = gyro-compass; gyroscope top, a spinning top on the gyroscope principle, which when spinning may be supported by one end of its horizontal axis.
1909Westm. Gaz. 20 Apr. 9/3 The gyroscope-compass, an invention of Dr. Anschuetz-Kaempfe, of Kiel,..is based upon the familiar principle that a rapidly rotating body tends to keep in the same plane.
1880Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 Perhaps the most common form of gyroscope is that which has been largely sold under the name of the gyroscope top. 1921–2T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall & Winter 328 The Gyroscope Top..spins at either end or in the middle. |