| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ gutta1|ˈgʌtə|
Pl. guttæ |ˈgʌtiː|.
[L. gutta a drop. Cf. gout n.1]
1. a. Pharmacy and Path. A drop. In prescriptions gt, pl. gtt. (Cf. gout n.1 5 b.)
1562W. Bullein Dial. Sorenes & Chir. 45 b, This will make a singular good water, drope one gutta or drop upon the grounde. 1886Syd. Soc. Lex., Gutta, a drop of any liquid matter; a minim, or the sixtieth part of a fluid drachm.
b. In mod.Lat. names of diseases: gutta opaca, cataract; gutta rosacea, rosea, rubea (see quots. and cf. gout rose, gout n.1 2); † gutta sciatica = sciatica; gutta serena = amaurosis; also fig.
1847Craig s.v. Gutta, In Pathology, *gutta opaca, cataract.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 190 *Gutta rosacea, þat is a passioun þat turneþ þe skyn of a mannys face out of his propur colour and makiþ þe face reed. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Butiga, is an inflammation of the whole face, otherwise called gutta rosacea.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lxv. (1495) 282 The Infeccyon that hyghte *Gutta rosea yt enfectyth y⊇ face wyth smale pymples and comyth of gleymy & blody and coleryk humours that ben bitwene the skynne & the flesshe. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. Y j, The gutta rosa.
1886Syd. Soc. Lex., *Gutta rubea, = Gutta rosacea.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. lvii. (1495) 271 In the euyl callyd *gutta sciatica the ache stretcheth fro the haunche in to the legges and anone to the hele and also anone to the lytill too. 1657*Gutta serena [see amaurosis]. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 337 [He] hath his eyes open, but sees no otherwise than if a gutta serena, or heated Steel, had deprived the optique. 1807G. Gregory Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 230/3 The causes of blindness are various; proceeding from cataracts, gutta serena's, &c. 1834Youatt Cattle 293 Gutta serena, or palsy of the optic nerve..is a disease of rare occurrence among cattle. 1876T. Hardy Madding Crowd liii, She was in a state of mental gutta serena.
c. Arch. = drop 10 b.
1563Shute Archit. C iij b, Geue Subtenia, and Gutta, pendante.. the sixte part of a modulus to their height and that part deuide vnto .4. partes, Geue 3. vnto Gutta pendant being .6. in number. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 112/1 Gutta, are Drops, or square pieces, or things like Bells, cut on the Frize, to set out the work. 1806J. Dallaway Observ. Eng. Archit. 162 In the temples of ægina [etc.] the guttæ retain their position. 1850J. Leitch tr. C.O. Müller's Anc. Art §282 (ed. 2) 312 Guttæ in a continued row without triglyphs were not perfectly rare in antiquity.
attrib.1851Penrose Athen. Arch., Gloss., Guttæ tablets, the square tablets under the architrave band from which the guttæ or drops appear as though suspended. 1852Dict. Arch. (Arch. Publ. Soc.), Guttæ band, the listel from which the guttæ seem to hang.
d. Her. = goutte.
1868Cussans Her. iv. (1893) 75 Guttæ, or Gouttes, as their name implies, are drops, and, like the Roundles, are distinguished by their Tinctures.
†2. A kind of gum. In 18th c. = gamboge; also gutta gamandra, gutta gamba. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxxviii. (1495) 651 Gutta ryght as Galbanum is the droppyng of a certen tree ather herbe and hyght also Armoniacum. 1693Phil. Trans. XVII. 685 Ponna, distilling a Substance like the Gutta Gamba or Gummi Gotte. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Gutta Gamandra, or Gutta Gamba, a kind of harden'd Juice or Gum, brought from the East Indies. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 178 Gum Gutta, or Gutta Gamba, Gamboge, or Peruvian Gum, is a Gum that flows from the Trunk of a creeping Plant. Ibid. 179 Lastly the Pills of gutta gamandra..borrow their names from it.
3. A drop-like marking on an insect's wing.
1826Kirby & Spence Introd. Ent. IV. xlvi. 285 Gutta... A roundish dot, intermediate in size between an atom and a macula... Linné..has employed the term Gutta for a white or yellow spot in a darker ground, and Pustula for a red spot in a black ground. We thought one term sufficient to express spots bigger than atoms. 1906J. B. Smith Explan. Terms Ent. 59 Gutta, a light spot on a dark ground. 1913N. K. Jardine Dict. Ent. 91 Gutta.—A light spot upon a light ground, viz., white upon yellow; a roundish dot of colour, intermediate in size between an atom and a macula. 1937J. R. de la Torre-Bueno Gloss. Ent. 121 Gutta, a roundish colored dot.
▪ II. gutta2|ˈgʌtə|
Also gu(t)tah.
[ad. Malay getah a gum, exudation, or inspissated juice, whence mod.L. gutta, assimilated to gutta1.]
1. a. Short for gutta-percha.
1852Crawfurd Malay Dict. 136 Pârcha, name of the forest tree which yields some of the guttah of commerce. 1882H. De Windt Equator 39 A firm trading in gutta, gold-dust, and diamonds.
attrib.1853Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 983 The vaccine virus transmitted in the gutta capsules.
b. A gutta-percha golf ball, a gutty.
1857H. B. Farnie Golfer's Man. 11 The first flight of ‘Guttas’ was hailed with a burst of joy financial by everyone except the old monopolists of the feather manufacture. 1858Chambers's Jrnl. 4 Sept. 157/2 He seizes his sand-iron..and, with a skilful jerk behind his ball, frees it..and taking his long spoon—a wooden-headed club..Jones drives forth his gutta from its not too favourably lying position. 1881R. Forgan Golfer's Handbk. 5 The ‘guttas’ speedily became popular. Ibid. 36 The ‘gutta’ ball..was still far from perfect. 1905A. S. Cunningham Rambles in Scoonie & Wemyss 99 He and his brother were credited with devising the hand hammering of balls, which led to the ultimate marking of guttas.
2. In the Malay names of various substances resembling gutta-percha, mostly containing the name of the tree from which they are derived, as gutta-rambong, gutta-singgarip, gutta-sundek, gutta-taban; gutta-jelutong (or -joolatong), a substitute for rubber obtained from any one of several apocynaceous trees of Malaysia and Indonesia of the genus Dyera, spec. D. costulata; gutta-shea, -trap (see quots. 1858, 1887).
1858Cycl. Commerce (ed. Homans), Gutta Trap, a substance allied to gutta percha and caoutchouc..It is the inspissated juice of an artocarpus. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 379 A substance somewhat resembling gutta-percha is found in Shea Butter, and is called Gutta-Shea. 1897Willis Flower. Pl. II. 287 Payena Leerii..yields a good gutta percha..known as Gutta Sundek. 1897C. P. G. Scott Malayan Words 55 The present gutta-percha of commerce is said to be all or mostly obtained from other trees, and is called by the natives accordingly getah taban, getah rambong, getah sundi, getah gerih, etc. 1904Electr. World & Engin. 18 June 1150 (Cent. D. Suppl.), Importations of ‘gutta-joolatong’,..which is used in certain industries as a substitute for india rubber. 1927C. R. Toothaker Commercial Raw Materials 207 There are several substances similar to gutta-percha obtained from the milky juices of trees in the East Indies. Gutta-jelutong (jelatong), or pontianak,..is the most important.
3. Chem. A white amorphous substance, the principal constituent of gutta-percha.
1864Watts Dict. Chem. II. 961 Pure gutta is a hydro⁓carbon isomeric with oil of turpentine, C10 H16. |