| 释义 |
‖ guna, n.|ˈgʊnə|
Also goon.
[Skr. guṇa.]
1. In Sanskrit Grammar, the middle grade of an ablaut-series of vowels; by the native Indian grammarians viewed as produced from the weak grade by the prefixing of the vowel ă; the process of raising a vowel to the middle grade. Hence sometimes used in Indo-germanic comparative grammar for the ĕ-grade of the 0:ĕ:ŏ series. Also attrib.
1804Carey Skr. Gr. 12 The vowel which would otherwise take goon. 1835Wollaston Skr. Gr. 5 The change is called Guna. 1841H. H. Wilson Skr. Gram. (1847) 7 The purport of the terms Gun̂a and Vṛiddhi. Ibid., The Gun̂a and Vṛiddhi representatives. 1866Max Müller Skr. Gram. 11 The corresponding Guṇa-vowel.
2. In the Sankhya philosophy of India, any one of the three dominating principles of nature.
1862Vijnana Bhikshu Sankhya-Sára 6 S'ankara's own definition is in these words: ‘The reflecting, that the gunas,—goodness, passion, and darkness,—are objects of my perception, [etc.]’. 1875M. Monier-Williams Indian Wisdom 67 The dominance of one or other of the three Gunas, goodness, passion, or darkness. 1962Brahmacharini Usha Ramakrishna-Vedanta Wordbk. 34 Man's mood and character vary according to the predominating guna. 1968Jrnl. Mus. Acad. Madras XXXIX. 25 An exposition of Rama's Gunas as depicted by Tyagaraja.
Hence ˈguna v. trans., to gunate.
1862T. Clark Compar. Gram. §117. 80 The four classes..are distinguished..by the use or omission of guna... The First Class both gunaes and accents the root vowel... The Sixth Class does not guna the root vowel. |