| 释义 |
Gulag, n.
(ˈguːlæg, ‖ guˈlak)
Also GULAG, and with lower-case initial.
[a. Russ. gulag, acronym f. the initial letters of Glavnoe upravlenie ispravitel'no-trudovȳkh lagereĭ Chief Administration for Corrective Labour Camps.]
1. a. In the former Soviet Union, the name of a department of the Soviet secret police (see N.K.V.D. s.v. N II. 1) responsible between 1934 and 1955 for the administration of corrective labour camps and prisons.
1946V. Kravchenko I chose Freedom xxiv. 405 The Central Administration of forced labour camps—known as GULAG—was headed by the N.K.V.D. General Nedosekin... I recall vividly an interview which I arranged on Utkin's orders with one of the top administrators of GULAG. 1968T. P. Whitney tr. Solzhenitsyn's First Circle p. x, All the zeks at the Mavrino sharashka belonged, though they were not at the time in hard-labor camps, to the realm of GULAG.
b. These camps and prisons collectively, both under the N.K.V.D. and subsequently; a prison camp, esp. one for political prisoners; hence transf., any place or political system in which the oppression and punishment of dissidents is institutionalized. Also in more general fig. use.
1975T. P. Whitney tr. Solzhenitsyn's Gulag Archipel. II. iii. xviii. 468 It was an accepted saying that everything is possible in Gulag. 1975Business Week 26 May 12/1 (heading) An American in the Gulag. 1977Washington Post 19 Apr. c1/1 He could have let Yeldell languish as chairman of the city's Board of Appeals and Review—the bureaucratic Gulag to which the former Department of Human Resources director had been exiled. 1982N.Y. Times 18 July iv. 18/5 It is time the public raised its voice against the immigration gulag. 1990Reader's Digest Aug. 45/2 Tens of thousands of Balts were killed and hundreds of thousands sent to the Gulag. In Lithuania, Stalin killed or exiled one-third of the population.
2. attrib. and Comb., esp. in Gulag camp and (after the title of the book by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn), Gulag Archipelago, the network of camps and prisons administered by Gulag.
1974T. P. Whitney tr. Solzhenitsyn (title) The Gulag Archipelago. 1976Economist 10 Jan. 87 This volume..takes the reader right into the heart of the Gulag camps. 1978P. Lewis Fifties v. 106 They were not shot. They were not dropped into the oblivion of the Gulag archipelago or the Lubianka. 1990Rolling Stone 12 July 47/1 We haven't pursued Marxist goals with tanks, secret police and gulag camps. |