| 释义 |
guilty, a.|ˈgɪltɪ|
Forms: 1 gyltiᵹ, 2 geltiᵹ, 2–4 gelty, 3–4 gulti |y|, 4 gelti(f, gilt-, guiltif(e, gylti, -if, -yf, 4–5 gulty, 4–6 gilti, gylty, 5 gillty, giltyf, 5–6 giltie, gyltie, 6 giltye, gylté, 7 guiltie, 6– guilty.
[OE. gyltiᵹ: see guilt n. and -y1. Some ME. forms are due to association of the suffix with -if, -ive.]
1. That has offended or been in fault; delinquent, criminal. Now in stronger sense: That has incurred guilt; deserving punishment and moral reprobation; culpable. Often absol.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii 18 Swa hwylc swa swereþ on þære offrunge þe ofer þæt weofud ys se ys gyltiᵹ [Hatton Gosp. geltiᵹ, Vulg. debet]. a1175Cott. Hom. 239 Þan seied ham god þe gelty mannen ȝe seneȝeden [etc.]. a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom 205 Ich icnowe me gulti and creie þe leafdi merci. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 856 Thourgth the conseil of hiis wif, He sloughth his greihond nowt geltif. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 688 Þe gyltyf may contryssyoun hente & be þurȝ mercy to grace þryȝt. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 9 Þei ben..most gyltif of alle. c1400Rom. Rose 6394 Penaunce..for my sinne Which that I fond me gilty inne. c1400Gamelyn 822 We wil sle þe giltif and late þe tother goo. 1638Ford Lady's Trial iv. i, Tis the guilty trembles At horrors, not the innocent. 1712W. Rogers Voy. 12 We put ten of the Mutineers in Irons... Others less guilty I punish'd and discharg'd. 1781Cowper Anti-Thelypth. 188 The guiltiest still are ever least ashamed. 1814J. C. Calhoun Speech 25 Feb., Wks. 1864 II. 92, I know not which to pronounce the most guilty: the nation that inflicts a wrong, or that which quietly submits to it. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. i. i, And secret as the grave to which they doom The guilty. 1870R. W. Dale Week-day Serm. vi. 127 To pardon the guiltiest.
b. transf. of the instrument with which, or the scene where, a crime is committed; or the like.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. ii. 184 This one Hand yet is left, to cut your throats, Whil'st that Lauinia tweene her stumps doth hold: The Bason that receiues your guilty blood. 1590― Com. Err. iv. iv. 66 Vpon me the guiltie doores were shut. 1629Milton Nativity 39 Only with speeches fair She woo's the gentle Air To hide her guilty front with innocent Snow. 1709Mrs. Manley Secr. Mem. (1736) III. 264 Had he..not have gone to the guilty Rendezvous. 1780Cowper Table T. 450 The storms that overset the joys of life, Are but His rods to scourge a guilty land. 1821Byron Cain iii. i. 397 He hangs his guilty head. a1854H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets iv. (1857) 123 Perceiving that the barge was steering to the traitor's gate, she refused to enter that guilty portal.
2. That has committed a particular offence or crime, or is justly chargeable with a particular fault. Const. of.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6898 Holdeþ hom gulti of þe dede & lateþ..in strong prison be ydo. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 289 Gilti of schedyng þerof [þe blood of Jesus Crist]. 1414Brampton Penit. Ps. lxxi. (Percy Soc.) 27 Thowȝ thou be gylty of synnes sevene. 1450Lomner in Paston Lett. No. 93 I. 125 He was arreyned..upon the appechementes.. and fonde gylty. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iii. ii. 168 Least my selfe be guilty to selfe wrong, Ile stop mine eares against the Mermaids song. 1593― 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 17 We intend to try his Grace to day, If he be guiltie. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 112 In some cases of homicide the guiltie person was put in a little-ease prison. 1676tr. Guillatiere's Voy. Athens 46 They are guilty of very foul mistakes. 1681Trial S. Colledge 6 You must plead to the Court, Guilty or not Guilty. 1710Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. i. §91 [We] are guilty of no innovation in that respect. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. xxvii. 338 One cannot but be astonished at the folly and impiety of pronouncing a man guilty, unless he was cleared by a miracle. 1792Anecd. W. Pitt III. xxxix. 39, I charge the Ministers with the highest crimes that men in their stations can be guilty of. 1818Cruise Digest (ed.2) II. 392 The heir at law..had been guilty of breach of trust. 1859Lang Wand. India 381 Well, plead Not guilty, and you will have it. 1884Ld. Esher in Law Times Rep. LXXIII. 616/2 note, The deceased was also guilty of negligence or of want of reasonable care contributing to the accident. 1884S. St. John Hayti iii. 86 The first and last chief who was ever guilty of so unaccountable a weakness. 1894Solicitors' Jrnl. XXXIX. 2/2 The..report..must state that fraud has been committed, though the guilty person need not be specified.
†b. absol. as n. The person who is guilty. Obs.
1550W. Lynne Carion's Cron. 231 b, Therupon was the gyltye fastned aboute the necke with an yron coller..and then a fyer made..and so the Gylty roasted tyll he dyed. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xv. §56. 644 Yet at length was that Castle enforced to surrender vpon composition of life, excepting the guilties of Burgundies death. 1700Dryden Cock & Fox 287 Oft a speedier pain the guilty feels.
c. In playful or ironical use.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. ii. 116 Brag. Is there not a ballet Boy, of the King and the Begger? Boy. The world was very guilty of such a Ballet some three ages since. 1648Symmons Vind. K. Chas. 15 These Papers might have been Evidences of Truth and of Loyalty too had the Surprizers of them been guilty of these vertues. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 65 He died not guilty of much wealth. 1673Ladies Call. ii. iii. §23 The World is apt enough to malicious errors..but 'tis seldom guilty of the charitative. a1704T. Brown Persius' Sat. i. Wks. 1730 I. 54 For read his trifles, and scarce in one line You'll find him guilty of the least design. 1717Berkeley Jrnl. Tour Italy 27 Jan., Wks. 1871 IV. 551 Church of the Carmelites..in the front a little diamond work, which they are sometimes guilty of. 1784Cowper Task ii. 12 He finds his fellow guilty of a skin Not coloured like his own.
†3. guilty of (rarely guilty to): culpably responsible for (a result); to blame for the loss or destruction of (something). Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 58 Heo is gulti of þe bestes deaðe. 1395Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 34 Ye ben giltif of alle, and cause of here dampnacioun. Ibid. 139 He that takith gouernance of a ship in great tempest to a man vnkunnynge, is gilti of al the ship, and alle thingis conteynid therynne. 1532Frith Mirr. ii. Wks. (1573) 87 Or els are they in ieoperdie to perishe at euery pit, and the eye giltie of their destruction for withdrawing her office from them. 1535Coverdale 1 Sam. xxii. 22, I am giltye of the soules of thy fathers house. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 549 Th' vnthought-on accident is guiltie To what we wildely do. 1628Milton Vac. Exerc. 96 Severn swift, guilty of Maiden's death. 1648Boyle Seraph. Love (1660) 24 It was..a want of Discretion, that was guilty of their faults. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 815 With mortal hatred I pursued his life, Nor he nor you were guilty of the strife. a1715Burnet Own Time i. (1724) I. 40 The preachers..cried out against all that were for moderate proceedings, as guilty of the blood that had been shed.
†4. Deserving of, liable to (a penalty). Also bound to the performance of (a vow) = L. reus voti. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 10 Þei ben..gylti of dampnacion. 1382― Matt. xxvi. 67 He is gilty of deth. [So 1611; R.V. worthy.] c1430Life St. Kath. (1884) 42 And wyth sotel sleyghtes maken hem gylty to þe peynes of helle. c1440Jacob's Well 98 He schal be gylty to þe doom. 1577T. Vautrollier Luther on Ep. Gal. 72 By doing good works thou shalt be made worthie of eternall life: but by beleuing in Christ thou shalt be made culpable and giltie of eternal death. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 328 The sinne of nature..maketh vs guiltie of the wrath of God. a1648Ld. Herbert Life Hen. VIII (1683) 420 A Man..guilty of the highest punishment. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. i. 427 Some pray from prison to be freed; and come, When guilty of their vows, to fall at home.
5. Of actions or conditions: Involving guilt, culpable, criminal.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. iv. 94 His Trespas yet liues guiltie in thy blood. 1700Dryden Fables, Cinyras & Myrrha 263 Ill she presag'd, and yet pursu'd her lust, For guilty pleasures give a double gust. 1784Cowper Task iii. 70 Let her pass, and charioted along In guilty splendour, shake the public ways. 1871Macduff Mem. Patmos vii. 85 These Laodiceans were living in guilty self-deception.
6. Of the conscience, mind, etc.: Laden with guilt, haunted by the recollection of crime.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. vi. 11 Suspition alwayes haunts the guilty minde. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 28 He was in great fear during the tempest, because of his guilty conscience. 1693T. Creech in Dryden's Juvenal (1697) 335 Not sharp Revenge, not Hell it self can find A fiercer Torment than a Guilty Mind. 1821Shelley Hellas 731 Revenge, and Wrong, bring forth their kind: The foul cubs like their parents are; Their den is in the guilty mind. 1871E. F. Burr Ad Fidem iii. 53 Our minds dark, because they are guilty.
b. Of feelings, etc.: Prompted by sense of guilt.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 1482 Let guiltlesse soules be freed from guilty woe. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. v. Wks. (1851) 114 Their own guilty carriage protests they doe feare. 1667― P.L. ix. 1058 Naked left To guilty Shame. 1813Scott Rokeby ii. xxiii, In Wycliffe's conscious eye appear A guilty hope, a guilty fear.
†7. Conscious, cognizant, privy. Also guilty to oneself = L. conscius sibi. Const. of, to. Obs.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 7 Being guilty vnto himselfe of the murther of his kinseman Bruno..he trauailed vnto Ierusalem. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. iii. ii, Ile giue out..that I know the time, and place where he stole it, though my soule bee guiltie of no such thing. 1605Bp. Hall Medit. & Vows ii. §4 The Elephant, that being guilty to his deformity, he cannot abide to look on his owne face in the water, but seeks..muddy channels. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 373 The Lion went away guilty of his hurt. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 301 Not to suffer the Alcoran..to be read..of every one; guilty of the absurdities therein contained. 1633J. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 1 Like an old courtesan, guilty of her own witheredness. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxxvi. (1739) 162 In truth they were guilty oftentimes to themselves, that they were not within the degrees. 1685Dryden Theocritus Idyll xxiii. Despairing Lover 54 Farewell..ye stones And threshold guilty of my midnight moans. 1690–1Tillotson Serm. xxxviii. (1735) I. 359 When we are not guilty to our selves that we have deserv'd them [persecutions] from men.
8. Comb.
1604Shakes. Oth. iii. iii. 39, I cannot thinke it That he would steale away so guilty-like, Seeing your comming. 1642J. Eaton Honey-combe Free Justif. 251 Guiltie-making sinne. 1860Thackeray Round. Papers, On being found out 130 This wrath of the guilty-conscienced Sachs.
Hence † ˈguiltyship, guiltiness.
1557N. T. (Genev.) Rom. v. 18 Lykewyse then as by the offence of one, giltiship came on all men to condemnation. |