| 释义 |
underˈneath, prep., adv., a., and n.
Forms: 1 underneoðan, -nyðan, 2 -næðen, 4 -neþen, 5 undernethen, -nethyn; 4 underneþe, -nueþe, -neyþe, 4–6 undernethe, -neth, 6– underneath. (Also 4–7 vnder-, 5 vndir-, vndur-, vndyr-, 5–6 undre-, 6 Sc. wndir-).
[OE. underneoðan (f. under prep. and adv. + nethen adv.), = older Da. underneden.]
A. prep.
1. Beneath or below (in local position).
c893K. ælfred Oros. iii. ix. 134 Ðær wearð Alexander þurhscoten mid anre flan underneoðan oþer breost. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070, Hi..namen þa þet fot⁓spure þe wæs undernæðen his fote. c1375Cursor M. 2380 (Fairf.), Abraham..come and lendid..vnder-neyþe a faire valay. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiii. 57 Vnderneth it es a well. c1450Lovelich Grail xlvi. 129 Whanne that he say kyng Mordrayn On the Erthe liggen..vnder-nethen here hors feet. 1470–85Malory Arthur iv. xvi. 362 Vndernethe that castel they sawe a knyghte standynge. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lix. 203 Vnderneth it was the porte. 1591Spenser Mother Hubberd 1322 The wicked weed..From vnderneath his head he tooke away. 1678Butler Hud. iii. i. 1116 He..Insconc'd himself as formidable As could be underneath a Table. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 597 If a swarthy Tongue Is underneath his humid Palate hung, Reject him. 1728Young Love Fame iii. 118 Tho' Phoebus and the nine for ever mow, Rank folly underneath the scythe will grow. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam v. 2185 Underneath thy feet writhe Faith, and Folly, Custom, and Hell, and mortal Melancholy. 1879S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Pal. xx. 436 The immense quarries directly underneath the city.
b. fig. Under the form, cover, protection, authority, etc., of (something).
1390Gower Conf. I. 258 Bot undernethe such a jape He hath so for himselve schape, That [etc.]. a1470Harding Chron. Pref. (1812) p. vii, Vndirnethe ȝoure fadirs magnificence He durste nought so haue lette hys righte fall doun. 1495Rolls of Parlt. VI. 465/1 Dyvers Leesses..hath be made..undrenethe the Seales in these parties of old tyme used. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 437 Whether Christ is to be worshipped vnder the forme of bread and wine, whether Christ be wholly vnderneath either kinde. 1845Maurice Mor. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. II. 627/1 The truths which lay underneath its false worship.
2. In subordination or subjection to; under the power or control of.
1375Barbour Bruce v. 475 Schir amery..That wes vardane of þe land Vnder-neth þe Ynglis kyng. c1440Alph. Tales 88 A virtuos man..had vndernethe his gouernance in a monasterie ccc wommen. Ibid. 514 He had many servandis vnder-nethe hym. 1538Bale God's Promises ii, Beynge thy subject, he is undreneth thy cure, Correct hym thu mayest. 1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 348 The chantor..hath a vicare indowyd underneth hym. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iv. 10 Till these Rebels..Come vnderneath the yoake of Gouernment. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxvii. 205 A man underneath many Passions, but above fear. 1667Dryden & Davenant Tempest iii. iii, When underneath my power my foes have truckl'd. 1822Shelley tr. Calderon's Mag. Prodig. ii. 34 Philosophy, thou canst not even Compel their causes underneath thy yoke.
b. Below the level of; inferior to.
1587Golding De Mornay Pref. 6 The least creatures which lie farre vnderneath man.
†3. Subject to, under (a condition). Obs.
c1440Alph. Tales 333, I will grawnt þe a plyte of my gown vnder-nethe a condicion, at þou sall not hurte me.
†4. Below, less than (in amount.) Obs.
1455Paston Lett. I. 355 Ther can noon be gete here..undrenethe iijs. the yerde at the lowest price. 1528in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 57 Above the somme of vjs, and..under nethe the seyd somme.
B. adv.
1. Down below; at an underlying or lower point or level.
c1000ælfric Exod. xxix. 12 And þu nymst cealfes blod mid þinum fingre,..and ᵹitst þæt oðer undernyðan. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 fol. 32 b, So þat þis statut ne portenez noȝt to..grete troen [= trees], ware fore [sic] hit be cler vnder nueþe. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Peter) 526 Þe hound..schot on symeon..And to þe ȝerde hym vndirnethe Ruschit. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 123 Constantine..made peynte the signe and tokene of þe crosse.., and he made write undirneþe, ‘Þis is þe signe and tokene’ [etc.] c1400Destr. Troy 9998 Till the sun in his sercle set vndernethe. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xvii. 27 Wher the watre is lest and most low,..there in trauers ought to be sett a route of folke wel horsed and another in like wyse vndrenethe. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 268 Lyke as they yt wrestleth be somtyme aboue, & somtyme vnderneath. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 24 b, The floore vnderneth was covered with clothe of Arras. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 259 The streetes are..vaulted vnderneath for the conueiance of the sulledge. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes 43 Leaving it hollow underneath for Ventiducts. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 118 If they heal too soon, and a Matter gather underneath. 1791Cowper Odyss. xix. 552 So thick it was, and underneath, the ground With litter of dry foliage strew'd profuse. 1850Tennyson In Mem. c, I climb the hill: from end to end Of all the landscape underneath [etc.]. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. i. 232 The lines of light converged by the ripples upon the sand underneath.
fig.c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. v. (1868) 75 Ryȝt on þat same side nounpower entriþ vndirneþ þat makeþ hem wreches. 1390Gower Conf. II. 232 Bot undernethe he was bethoght In what manere he mihte aspie Achilles fro Deïdamie. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xi. (Percy Soc.) 40 In an example..the poetes do wryte; And underneth the trouth doth so shroude. 1659Milton Lett. Ruptures Commonw. Wks. 1851 V. 404 If such a Union as this be not accepted on the Army's part, be confident there is a single Person underneath. 1674Campion Art Descant i. 4 A fourth above is the same that a fifth is underneath, and a fourth underneath is as a fifth above.
b. Below or beneath other clothing.
c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 5 A man that clothed was in clothes blake And vnder-nethe he wered a white surplys. c1394P. Pl. Crede 695 Ȝif he haue vnder-neþen whijt, þanne he aboue wereþ Blak. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. ix. 10 On his backe [was] an vncouth vestiment,..And vnderneath his breech was all to torne. 1856tr. Vehse's Mem. Court of Austria I. 124 He wore a suit of black armour,..and underneath a shirt of close mail.
c. Lower down on a sheet of paper, etc.
1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Eche of hem had sworen on þe bok to perfourme þe pointz vndernethe wryten. c1550in Feuillerat Revels Q. Mary (1914) 250 Certayne sutes of apparell as be heare vndernethe mentyoned. a1577Sir T. Smith Commw. ii. xxv. (1589) 102 He..deliuereth vp the examination which he tooke of him, and vnderneath the names of those whom he hath bound to giue euidence. 1653W. Ramesey Astrol. Restored 106 On the head of the fourth column you find magnitude, intimating that by the Figures underneath..is shewn the magnitude of each star. 1743W. Emerson Fluxions 33 Then I take the Sum of the Terms..and set this Sum..underneath.
2. On the under side.
1776Withering Bot. Arr. Vegetables I. 697 Leaves..with little scales and fringed appendages underneath. 1812New Bot. Garden i. 7 The leaves..not shining or hoary underneath. 1820Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 442 They come Blackening the birth of day with countless wings, And hollow underneath, like death.
C. adj.
1. Underhand; secret. rare.
1747Mem. Nutrebian Crt. II. 118 This..causes him to determine, by a sly, underneath cunning, to work that virtuous youth ruin. 1899in Eng. Dial. Dict. (Leeds dial.).
2. Situated below.
1894Daily News 9 Mar. 5/4 In an underneath room, printers..will be seen printing some..newspapers.
D. n. That which is in the lowest place; the under part or side.
1676Moxon Print Lett. 33 You must make up the Top and Underneath with straight lines. 1855tr. Labarte's Arts Mid. Ages viii. 310 The underneath of his dishes. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 159 For all other rivers there is a surface, and an underneath. 1889Mrs. E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night II. 215 She read the underneath of the cards. |