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▪ I. grounding, vbl. n.|ˈgraʊndɪŋ|
[f. ground v. and n. + -ing1.]
1. The action of founding or establishing; foundation, establishment; chiefly in immaterial sense. Also quasi-concr. that on which something is grounded. Now rare.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 353 And but þis grounding be in dede dremes and confermyngis ben nouȝt. 1395Remonstr. Rom. Corrup. (1851) 67 Cristine men ben not holden for to bileve, withouten open groundinge of holi scripture. 1538Bale Thre Lawes 2042 Of these..doubtles those lawes their groundynges take. 1597Middleton Wisdom of Solomon iii. 16 That tree whose root is sound, whose grounding strong. 1644Digby Mans Soul (1645) 70 All the rest..would have no grounding nor fixednesse in the soule. 1898J. Bulloch Centen. Mem. 1st Congreg. Ch. Aberdeen i. 2 The important proposals he advanced were felt..to be..well grounded. Their grounding lay in the religious condition of Scotland. 1899J. Caird Fundam. Ideas Xtianity II. xvi. 176 [Anselm's] attempt to give speculative grounding to the relation between the..sufferings of Christ and the remission of sins.
2. The act of instructing in elementary or fundamental principles; instruction of this kind.
1644Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 104 Catechetical Sermons..for the grounding of Gods People in the principles of saving Doctrine. 1883C. J. Wills Mod. Persia 164 Euclid, Algebra, Latin, and French, in which, unlike the smattering of a middle-class school at home, a thorough grounding is given.
†3. pl. Grounds, sediment. Obs.
c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 46 Þer in þou stepe white brede fayre..And voyde þy groundyngus for sonde.
4. The preparation or laying of a ‘ground’ in various arts and manufactures (see quots.). Also grounding-in, the application of the secondary colours in calico-printing.
1466Paston Lett. No. 549. II. 266 For xxii yerdes and iii quarters of brod wythts, xxxiiiis. iiid. For grownedyng, iiis. iiiid. For dyeng, iiiis. 1839Ure Dict. Mech. 216 (Calico-printing) The grounding in, or re-entering, of the other colours is the next process. Ibid. 226 Topical Prussian blue for grounding. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 436 The laborious process of grounding, or frizing. 1877Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The first process undergone [in the manufacture of wall-paper] is termed ‘Grounding’ and the object is to give the paper the requisite body to enable it to receive the colored pattern. 1885Watt Leather Manuf. 326 When dry they [i.e. dyed skins] are again seasoned with water, to prepare them for grounding, which operation is performed by scraping the flesh side with the ‘moon-knife’.
b. The ground of any fabric.
1882Caulfeild & Saward Dict. Needlework (ed. 2) 231 The colour of a background or the ‘grounding’ of a piece of embroidery should be selected with a view to showing off the colours of the design.
5. a. The action of laying a ship aground for examination, repairs, etc. b. The action or an act of running aground, stranding.
1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 42 An opportunity of Grounding or Docking. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine, Grounding, the act of laying a ship ashore, in order to bream or repair her. It is also applied to running aground accidentally when under sail, or driving in a tempest. 1840Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 70 Q. Is any inconvenience experienced by sloops? A. Yes, by grounding. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. vi. 61 If she will bear the frequent groundings that we must look for. 1885Act 48 & 49 Vict. c. 36. §3 Any right of navigation, anchoring, grounding, [etc.].
6. attrib., as grounding-blue; grounding-machine, a machine for grounding in the manufacture of wall-paper; grounding-tool, in mezzotint engraving, the tool with which the plate is roughened.
c1790J. Imison Sch. Art ii. 50 For the shades use a small grounding-tool. 1821Craig Lect. Drawing vii. 411 The more the ground is scraped away,..the coarser and more evident is the granulation made by the grounding tool. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 225 This plan..is nearly superseded by the following grounding blue. Ibid. 226 Topical grounding blue for the cylinder press. 1877Sci. Amer. XXXVII. 223 The grounding machine is represented in Fig. 1. While passing over a roller the paper is covered with a mixture of so called Jersey clay.
▪ II. grounding, ppl. a.|ˈgraʊndɪŋ|
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
That grounds (in senses of the vb.).
a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 117 The literall sense of Scriptures, is the prime, principall and grounding sense, but not the sole or onely sense. 1875J. Veitch Lucretius 56 Postulating a grounding and surrounding visible universe. 1876S. Lanier Poems (1884) 130 ‘Lay down your arms, damned Rebels!’ But never a grounding gun is heard. |