| 释义 |
▪ I. groin, n.1 Obs. exc. dial.|grɔɪn|
Forms: α. 4–9 groyn(e, 6–7 groine, 6, 9 groon, (4 gryn, 5 grone, growne, grune, gruyn, 9 gruin), 4– groin. β. 5 gron(e)y. See also grunyie.
[ad. OF. groign (F. groin), Burgundian groigno, Pr. groing, grong, fem. groingna, It. grugno, OPg. gruin:—popular L. *grunnium, f. L. grunnīre to grunt like a swine.]
†1. A grunting, grumble. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 349 Yet yf she for other enchesoun, Be wrooth, þen shalt þow han a groyn a-noon. c1440Promp. Parv. 214/1 Grony, magry. [Ibid. 319/2 Magry, vn-thanke, vituperium, reprobacio.]
2. The snout, esp. of a swine.
13..Sir Beues 815 (MS. A) A spanne of þe groin be-forn Wiþ is swerd he haþ of schoren. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋82 He..lykneth a fair womman, that is a fool of hire body, lyk to a ryng of gold that were in the groyn of a soughe. c1460Towneley Myst. xii. 229, I haue here in my mayll..two swyne gronys. c1475Partenay 5875 The beres gret groin tho smote he vppon. c1490Promp. Parv. 214/1 (MSS. K. & H.) Grony, MS. S. groney, Rostrum porcinum. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cx. 676 The partie..shall but wring his mouth or rather his Groyne and steppe forth with a shamelesse foreheade to aske who accuseth him. 1600Thynne Emblems xxiii. 5 With wrootinge groyne, with [sic; read the] feirce and warlike bore Turnes vp and betters that bad lande before. 1703Thoresby Let. to Ray (E.D.S.), Groyn, the groyn of a swine, the snout. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Groon, the snout of a pig. 1882Lanc. Gloss., Groyn, a swine's snout.
†b. contemptuously. A face. Obs.
c1460Towneley Myst. xii. 432 Fayr fall thi growne. Ibid. xvi. 382 Haue at the, say I! take the ther a foyn!..haue at thi groyn An othere.
†3. Naut. the groin (of Spain) [an etymological perversion of the Spanish name Coruña]: a sailor's name for Corunna, a seaport on the N.W. of Spain. Obs.
1367Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 112 Vocatur Le Groyne; est in mare ut rostrum porci, ubi intraverunt terram. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 478 Here ys..wyn of gyldyr and of galles, þat made at þe groine, wyn of wyan and vernage, I seye also. 1489Barbour's Bruce xx. 324 (Pinkerton 1790) III. 167 Betwix Cornwaill and Bretaynné He sailyt; and left the grune [ed. Jamieson grunye; MS. Camb. grund] off Spainye On northhalf hym. 1589Pappe w. Hatchet B ij b, Did your Father die at the Groyne? a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Groyne, corruptly by the Tarrs for Coronna, a Seaport of Galicia. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. xix. (1840) 345 Pressed me earnestly not to go by sea, but either to go by land to the Groyne [etc.].
▪ II. groin, n.2|grɔɪn|
Forms: 4–6 grynd(e, (5 erron. ground, 6 grinde); 5–7 grine, gryne, groine, groyn(e, (5 grune), 6– groin.
[orig. grynde, grinde of uncertain origin; connexion with grain n.2 is excluded by the early form. The form grine appears in 1530, but did not finally displace grind until the last quarter of the 16th c., when it underwent corruption into groin, prob. through phonetic association with prec.
Prof. Skeat suggests that the original sense may have been a channel or depression (cf. 2), and that the word may be identical with OE. grynde, recorded only in the sense of ‘abyss’, but etymologically capable of meaning ‘depression’, ‘valley’ (:—prehist. *grundjo-, f. *grundu- ground; cf. G. grund, used dial. for ‘valley’; also grindle1, grindlet).]
1. a. The fold or depression on either side of the body between the abdomen and the upper thigh. (In quot. 1541 pl. the inguinal glands.)
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 41 If þe prickynge be in þe foot, anoynte þe grynde wiþ hoot comoun oile. Ibid. 226 Of an enpostym þat comeþ in iguine id est þe gryndis. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 589/39 Inguen, the grynde. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 330/2 He was..seke in his grynde of a pestilence botche. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 903 The grynes, les aines. 1541Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. K iij, What are the gryndes?.. They are the clensynge places of the lyuer, & are of Glandynous flesshe ordeyned to the bought of the thyghes. 1576Baker Jewell of Health 64 b, The water druncke twyse a daye..putteth away..harde swellings in the grynde. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. clxxxv, The loving swine Sheathed, unawares, the tusk in his soft groin. 1611Cotgr., Aines, the grine, or groyne of man or woman. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden cxii. 160 The leaves..laid warm on any botch happening in the Groin or share, doth dissolve and heal them. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 49 The Keeper thrust his sword into his groyn. 1735Somerville Chase iii. 333 The ..angry Beast..at one sidelong Glance Rips up his Groin. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 53 A gland enlarged in the left groin. 1865Dickens Let. 13 Nov., The man returned the compliment by kicking him in the groin. 1872Baker Nile Tribut. v. 66 Two glands are situated in the groin.
†b. fig. Regarded as the seat of lust. Obs.
1625B. Jonson Staple of News iii. ii, Who can endure to see The fury of mens gullets, and their groines? 1636― Discov., Impostura Wks. (1640) 87 They set the signe of the Crosse over their outer doores, and sacrifice to their gut and their groyne in their inner Closets.
†2. A deep trench, or excavation. Obs.
1587Holinshed Chron. (1808) IV. 851 He [Ferdinando Poins] vndertooke to make certeine groins or nocks, which at the hauens mouth should cause such a depth, as thereby the whole harborough should lie drie at a low water. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 545/1 There was one Juline appointed to attend vpon Poins his groins.
3. Arch. The edge formed by the intersection of two vaults. Also, the rib or fillet of stone or wood with which this is usually covered.
1725Halfpenny Art Sound Build. 15 To find the Angle, or Mitre-Arch of a regular Groin. 1790Pennant London 87 On the north outside, beyond the windows, are many marks of recesses, groins, arms, on the remains of some other room. 1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 155 The shafts in front running up without stop to the roof, and from their capitals springing the groins. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 568 In framing centres for groins, the boarding which forms the interior surface is supported by transverse ribs of timber. 1849Freeman Archit. 246 In the earliest examples the groins are without ribs. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Illusions Wks. (Bohn) II. 441 The vaults and groins of the sparry cathedrals. 1861A. Beresford-Hope Eng. Cathedr. 19th C. vi. 226 There [York Minster]..the whole space of the nave and choir was spanned with groins of wood.
transf.1855Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 135 Notice how the interior of the dome is strengthened by ‘ribs’ or ‘groins’ of bone, which run in the line of the principal sinuses.
4. A ring. slang.
1931W. F. Brown in Police Jrnl. IV. 500 Henry. ‘Did he get any sparkle?’ George. ‘Yes, a couple of kettles,..a lovely groin and a prop.’ 1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid v. 57 There was one [woman] with three groins on her fingers.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) groin gland; (sense 3) groin-rib; groin-point, -vault (see quots.).
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1074 The endemic forms of a group of diseases—including Chyluria, varicose *groin glands.
185.Dict. Archit., *Groin point, the name given by bricklayers to the arris or line of intersection of cross arches of vaulting executed in brickwork.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Builder 113 To find the diagonal or *groin-rib of a Vault. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. ii. 59 Groin-ribs—those narrow arches erected under the lines of the intersection of the vaults.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 540 A *Groin vault, is a complex vault, formed by the intersection of two solids, whose surfaces coincide with the intrados of the arches, and are not confined to the same heights.
▪ III. † groin, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 4 groigne, 4–5 gronyn, 4–6 groine, 4–7 groyne, 5–6 grone, (6 groone), 5, 7 growne, 6, 9 groyn.
[ad. OF. grogni-r (also with change of conjugation grogner, as in mod.Fr.) = Pr. gronhir, gronir, It. grugnire (also altered grugnare):—L. grunnīre.]
1. intr. Of animals: To grunt; to growl.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1442 For he watz b[este &] bor alþer grattest, [And eue]re quen he gronyed, þenne greued mony. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 126 Of thaire nature thei growne and berke euermore, but gentille greyhoundes do not so. 1530Palsgr. 917 A hogge groneth, ung pourceau grongne. a1541Wyatt How to use the court in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 91 For swine so groines In stye. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xii. 27 Some were of dogs, that barked day and night,..And some of beares, that groynd continually.
b. esp. of the buck: To utter its peculiar cry at rutting time. (Cf. groan v. 2.)
1496Bk. St. Albans, Hunting d ij b, An harte belowyth and a bucke groynyth [1486 gronys] I fynde. 1576Turberv. Venerie 238 A Bucke groyneth. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xiv. (1660) 166 A Buck growneth. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 134/1 A Buck when he sendeth forth his Cry, Groyneth or Growneth. 1711Puckle Club (1817) 90 And [he] told us, that an hart bellows, a buck groyns.
2. transf. Of persons: To grumble, murmur.
a1300Cursor M. 13590 Quen þai had striued þam emel And groigned, cuth na resun find. c1400Rom. Rose 7049 Whether so that he loure or groine. c1490Promp. Parv. 214/1 (MS. K.) Gronyn, or grochyn,..murmuro. 1537St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 555 To see who wold groyne at their execution. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cxxxvi. 837 It is not ynough for a man to keepe his wyfe in his house..and in the meane time hee groyne at hir, he spurne hir, hee beateth hir.
▪ IV. groin, v.2 Arch.|grɔɪn|
[f. groin n.2]
1. trans. To form into or furnish with groins; to build with groins.
1812–16J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 150 The roof is often most delicately groined. 1848Lowell Launfal Poet. Wks. 1890 I. 298 All night by the white stars' frosty gleams He groined his arches and matched his beams. 1869Daily News 27 Apr., The roof..is groined throughout in pitch pine of unusually beautiful quality. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit I. 57 The difficulty was how to groin these oblong bays.
2. intr. Of an arch, etc.: To spring as a groin.
1805W. Close West's Antiq. Furness vi. 70 The vaulted roof that groined from those pillars. Ibid. 71 It is a single ribbed arch that groins from the wall.
▪ V. groin
see groyne n. and v. |