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Gregorian, a. and n.|grɪˈgɔərɪən|
[ad. mod.L. grēgoriānus (whence F. grégorien), f. late L. Grēgorius (a. Gr. Γρηγόριος), a man's name (commonly rendered in Eng. by the adapted form Gregory); in senses A 3, 4, B 1 used with reference to the Eng. surname Gregory: see -an, -ian.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to Pope Gregory I (who reigned 590–600); chiefly applied to the ancient system of ritual music, otherwise known as plain-chant or plain-song (characterized by free rhythm, a limited scale, etc.), which is founded on the Antiphonarium of which Gregory is presumed to have been the compiler. So Gregorian chant, Gregorian music, Gregorian tones, etc.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xliii, Throughly besprinkled with holy water..that by the virtue as well of that Gregorian water as of the starres..they might [etc.]. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Chant, The plain, or Gregorian chant, is where the choir and people sing in unison, or all together in the same manner. 1776Hawkins Hist. Mus. I. 346 He [Gregory] formed that ecclesiastical music so grave and edifying, which at present is called the Gregorian music. 1782Burney Hist. Mus. II. 12 The ancient Gregorian chants that are come down to us. Ibid. 14, I shall..give a short example of each mode in Gregorian notes. 1855Stanley Mem. Canterb. i. (1857) 10 Every one who has ever heard of Gregory, has heard of his Gregorian chants. 1867Macfarren Harmony i, 18 The so-called Gregorian scales. 1872O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms, Gregorian Tones, a collection of chants compiled by S. Gregory the Great, consisting of eight tones, four of which, called authentic, he is said to have found, to which he added another four, plagal. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 362/2 The usual notes of the Gregorian Plain Song.
2. Of, pertaining to, or established by Pope Gregory XIII. Gregorian calendar: see calendar 1; so Gregorian style = ‘new style’. Gregorian epoch, the time from which the Gregorian calendar dates (1582).
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xix. 336 The Gregorian account goes ten dayes before the computation of the English calendar. 1649Milton Eikon. Pref. Wks. (1851) 333, I shall suspect their Calendar more then the Gregorian. 1700Moxon Math. Dict., Gregorian Year, the New Account, or New Style, instituted upon the Reformation of the Calendar, by Pope Gregory the 13th..Anno Domini, 1582. 1709Steele Tatler No. 39 ⁋2 The Gregorian Computation was the most regular. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., The year 1726 is the 144th year of the Gregorian epocha. Ibid., The old, or Julian, and new, or Gregorian style. 1872O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms, Gregorian Style, the new style invented by Gregory XIII. to correct the Julian.
3. The distinctive epithet of the kind of reflecting telescope invented by J. Gregory (died 1675).
1761Dunn in Phil. Trans. LII. 191 My Newtonian reflector shewed objects clearer than the generality of Gregorian reflectors. 1831Brewster Optics xlii. 350 The Gregorian telescope is shown in fig. 167. 1878Newcomb Pop. Astron. ii. i. 124 This form has an advantage over the Gregorian in that the telescope may be made shorter.
†4. Gregorian tree, the gallows. (Cf. Gregory 2.)
1641Mercur. Pragmat. (Farmer), He Doth fear his fate from the Gregorian tree. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Gregorian tree, so named from Gregory Brandon, a famous finisher of the law.
B. n.
1. A variety of wig worn in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, said by Blount 1670 to be named after the inventor, Gregory, a Strand barber.
1598Florio, Perucca, a periwig or gregorian of counter⁓fait haire. a1612Harington Epigr. iii. (1633) 32 A quaint Gregorian to thy head to binde. 1639Drummond of Hawthornden Consid. to Parlt. Wks. (1711) 186 That no man wear a Gregorian or periwig, unless he have a testimonial from a town-clerk, that he is either bald, sickly, or asham'd of white hairs. 1658R. Brathwait Honest Ghost 46 Pulling a little downe his gregorian, which was displac't a little by hastie taking off his Bever.
Comb.1598Florio, Perucchiera, a periwig or gregorian maker.
2. A member of a society (often classed with the Freemasons), which existed in England in the eighteenth century.
c1742in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 525 All other institutions, whether..Gregorians..or Free-Masons. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 576 One Rose a Gregorian, one a Gormogon. 1765Smollett Trav. xxvii. (1766) II. 54 These associations..may be compared to the Free Masons, Gregoreans, and Antigallicans of England. 1810Crabbe Borough x. 349 Griggs and Gregorians here their meetings hold.
3.
†a. One who is versed in Gregorian music (obs.).
b. A Gregorian chant.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 9 The Gregorians (whom the Church of Rome doth imitate) marking all the lines with one colour. Ibid. 27 The authorities of the Gregorians admit no such Song. a1873S. Wilberforce in Burgon Lives 12 Gd. Men (1888) II. 59, I assure you I never hear a Gregorian without feeling a wish to lie down on my stomach and howl.
Hence Greˈgorianist, one who advocates the use of Gregorian chants; Greˈgorianize v. trans., to render Gregorian in style; intr. to use or advocate the use of Gregorian music; whence Greˈgorianizing vbl. n., Greˈgorianizer.
1866Pall Mall G. 3 Apr. 9/1 Imagine the Gregorianizing of the musical taste of a generation which [etc.]. 1884Ch. Times 28 Nov. 905/4 Very largely the fault of the Gregorianizers. Ibid. 906/1 A reductio ad absurdum of extreme Gregorianizing. Ibid. 906/4 Our rough and ready Gregorianists. |