| 释义 |
graphite|ˈgræfaɪt|
[First in Ger. form graphit (Werner, 1789); f. Gr. γράϕ-ειν to write (because used for pencils) + -ite. Cf. F. graphite (Haüy, 1801, in Hatz.-Darm.).]
a. One of the crystalline allotropic forms of carbon (see carbon n. 1), called also black lead n. and plumbago.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 58 Plumbago, Graphite of Werner. 1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 13 Carbon occurs..in six-sided plates in graphite. 1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §27 The bore contains a small index made of iron or graphite. 1896Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engineers XVII. 106, I have..advised the introduction of graphite of fine grades, and specially purified, wherever..great loads are to be carried on heavy and slow-moving machinery. 1963Gregory & Pitt in F. J. Pearson Nuclear Power Technol. ix. 228 The extract properties of the graphite cannot be predicted and all batches have to be tested for their neutron absorption properties.
b. attrib. and Comb., as graphite moderator, graphite pile, graphite reactor; graphite-moderated adj.
1945H. D. Smyth Gen. Acct. Devel. Atomic Energy Mil. Purposes 63 The prospects for a graphite pile with helium cooling looked promising. Ibid. 68 The lattices..consisted of lumps of uranium imbedded in the graphite moderator. Ibid. 79 In a typical graphite-moderated pile a neutron that has escaped from the uranium into the graphite travels on the average about 2·5 cm between collisions. 1950Amer. Speech XXV. 24 Reactors may be named according to fuel (uranium reactor), moderator (graphite reactor), [etc.]. 1958Times Rev. Industry Aug. 7/1 Britain will depend mainly on the gas-cooled, graphite-moderated type reactor, using natural uranium. 1962Newnes Conc. Encycl. Nuclear Energy 511/1 With gas-cooled reactors the graphite moderator normally acts as a guide for the fuel elements.
Hence graphited |ˈgræfaɪtɪd| a., supplied with graphite as a lubricant; also (of a lubricant), having had graphite added to it.
1922Autocar 10 Nov. 997 Graphited oilless bushes are freely used. 1939J. I. Clower Lubricants v. 65 Perhaps the chief advantage of graphited oils and greases is their ability to form films of graphite on the bearing surfaces of mechanical devices. 1955A. F. Brewer Basic Lubrication Pract. iv. 61 Bronze and cadmium-base graphited alloys involve somewhat lower maximum operating temperature ranges. |