| 释义 |
▪ I. graith, n. In later use only Sc.|greɪθ|
Forms: 4 graiþ, 4–6 grayth(e, 5 greiþe, -yþe, 5–6 grath, (7 greath), 4– graith.
[a. ON. greiðe wk. masc.:—OTeut. type *garaiðon- or *garaiðjon-, cognate with OE. ᵹerǽde str. neut., trappings, equipage:—OTeut. type *garaiðjom, f. OTeut. *ga- prefix (see y-) +*raið -: see ready a. For the development of sense cf. gear.]
†1. A state of preparation; readiness; good order. to do in graith: to put in readiness. in graith: in proper order; also, without delay. out of graith: out of order. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 193 Þei stand alle to gode graith, whan þou ert þam among. Ibid. 307 Whan it were don in grayth þe weddyng of Margarete. a1375Joseph Arim. 66 In gret Anguisse ȝe ben þat nis not God greiþe. 14..Mandeville & the Souden 63 in Hazlitt E.P.P. I. 157 Now..lowsit is Sathanesse, That sett this ward thus owt of graythe. c1450Myrc 587 Lete name hyt [a child] þare, Ȝef hyt schule in greyþe fare. 1460Towneley Myst. iii. 482 He may happyn to day come agane or none With grath.
2. Equipment in general; apparel, attire, dress, articles of dress.
a1300Cursor M. 4796 Giue me mi graith and lat me ga. 15..Chalmerlan Ayr c. 22 (in Sc. Acts I.), Þai [sowtaris] mak schone butis and vther graitht of the lethir or jt be barkit. 1637–50J. Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 462 What meanes..this short skarlet cloake, and all this gay graith of yours? a1774Fergusson Braid Claith Poems (1845) 9 He..Bids bauld to bear the gree awa With a' this graith. 1785Burns Holy Fair vii, Here, farmers gash, in ridin graith Gaed hoddin by their cotters.
b. Armour.
c1420Anturs of Arth. 436 We arene one owre gamene, we ne hafe no gude graythe. 1550Lyndesay Sq. Meldrum 414 Go dres yow in your graith. 1828Scott F.M. Perth v, I will sleep like a sentinel, with my graith about me. a1851Moir Ruins Seton Chapel iii. Poet. Wks. 1852 I. 189 Clad in their robes of state or graith of war.
c. Harness.
1663Spalding Troub. Chas. I (Bannatyne Club) I. 12 The earle..directed..his led horse with his graith to the Bog. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 96 The driver..can..save the harness (graith) better than in any other position. 1850W. Innes in Hamilton Chr. Sabbath (1852) 225 note, Removing the harness from off one of his team, or as a Scotchman would say, taking off the graith.
3. Apparatus, implements, gear, tackle; a structure, contrivance. See also plough-graith, spinning-graith. (Cf. gear n. 5.) Obs. exc. dial.
c1375Sc. Troy-bk. ii. 2360 Bot now we dress our graith þarfore. a1400–50Alexander 5518 Foure Griffons full grym, he in þat graythe festes. 1497in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 349 Item, giffin for xiij stane of irne to mak grath to Mons new cradill. 1513Douglas æneis vi. v. 120 For myself tuik I nane sa gret feir, As of thi schip..Spulȝeit of hir graith. 1786Burns Scotch Drink x, When Vulcan gies his bellows breath, An' ploughmen gather wi' their graith. 1792A. Wilson 2 Men sawing Timber, Ye're tempin Providence, I swear, To raise your graith sae madly here. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 53 Wha may cast by their brewin graith Baith pat and pail.
†4. Possessions in general; wealth, money. Obs.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxvi. 85 Greit abbais grayth I nill to gather. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 4753 Thay haif spred thare Net..on gold, and vther graith. 1603Philotus xiv, Tak another be the neck, Quhen ȝe the graith haue gottin. 1786Burns Inventory 3, I send you here a faithfu' list O' gudes and gear, and a' my graith.
5. Material, stuff (for a particular purpose); now esp. in Sc. soapy water, soap-suds. (Cf. gear n. 10.)
1513Douglas æneis iv. xi. 105 Bid hir..the bestis, and the blude, And clengeing graith, scho knawis, with hir bring. 15..Chalmerlan Ayr c. 24 (in Sc. Acts I), Þai [tailȝeouris] sow with fals graith. 1572Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) III. 77/1 Certane particular persounis hes applyit the stanes, tymber and uther graith pertening thairto, to thair awin particular use. 1583Satir. Poems Reform. xlv. 339 Suppoise the devill maid that graith, The seiknes sua ouersett my fayth, At that tyme, to asswage my sair, I wald have tane it. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. i. ii, We're not yet begun To freath the graith.
b. ‘Things’. (Cf. gear n. 9 c.) Obs.
1790A. Wilson Poems 209 Tho' Beagles Hornings an' sic graith Glowre roun' they ne'er sal dread me.
▪ II. † graith, a. and adv. Obs.
Forms: 3 greið, 4 grath(e, grayþ, 4–5 graiþ, graith(e, grayth(e, (4 greythe, 5 greithe, grayd).
[a. ON. greið-r = OE. ᵹerǽde ready:—OTeut. *garaiðjo-, f. *ga- prefix (see y-) + raið-: see ready. Cf. G. bereit.]
A. adj.
1. Of persons: Prepared, ready. Of things: Ready, prompt, handy.
a1225Ancr. R. 16 Þis word siggeð euer vort ȝe beon al greiðe. a1300Cursor M. 5105 (Gött.) Als suith as we mai be graith, we sal do as ȝe haue said. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 597 Bi þat watz Gryngolet grayth, & gurde with a sadel. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 759 The euill spirit, That gaf rycht graith ansueir hir to. c1400Cato's Morals 191 in Cursor M. App. iv. 1671 Wiþ lernyng & teyching growes graiþ kunnyng. c1400Destr. Troy 5719 The secund sort [of ships]..Were graither of gouernaunce. c1420Anturs of Arth. vi, Syr Gauan, graythest of alle Was laft with Dame Gaynour. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 880 Agayne he riseth vp, make redy youre fote shete in þis maner made greithe. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 389 Graith thocht of the grant had the gude King.
b. With of: Furnished or provided with; possessed of, acquainted with.
c1400Destr. Troy 2536 Þat any gome shuld be graithe of our goddes wille. a1400–50Alexander 1865 And he þat graithist is of gudis gird all to poudire. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6660 And of cristes leuing make þaim graythe.
2. Of a road: Direct. Of a measure: Exact.
c1340Cursor M. 24143 (Fairf.) Na graiþer gate of gammen is here. 1352Minot Poems vi. 28 The bare rade, withouten rese, Unto Cane the graythest gate. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. i. 203 Loue is..the graith gate that goth into heuene. 1393Ibid. C. vii. 230 A galon for a grote and ȝut no grayþ mesure.
b. Of a sign, truth, etc.: Clear, plain. Also absol. as n., the graith, the truth.
c1325Metr. Hom. 99 The erthe bar als ful graith witnes Igain the Jowes wrangwisnes, For it schewed with graithe takening, That Crist was Godd of all thing. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Placidas 891 He..be þar taknis grath wit had þat þai war his twa sonnis dere. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xi. 242 Ac þe godspel ys a glose þere hudynge þe greythe treuthe. c1394P. Pl. Crede 34 Sire..þe graiþ þou me telle.
c. Of a stroke: Clean, unimpeded.
c1470Henry Wallace v. 76 Wallace mycht nocht a graith straik on him gett.
B. adv. Readily; clearly, plainly.
c1340Cursor M. 26592 (Fairf.) Þe quilk graiþ þe salle be kende & þou wille here þis boke til ende. c1394P. Pl. Crede 232 Canstou me graiþ tellen To any worþely wijȝt þat wissen me couþe Whou y schulde conne my Crede? c1450Myrc 346 Teche hem also welle and greythe.
▪ III. graith, v. Obs. exc. dial.|greɪθ|
Forms: 3 Orm. greȝȝþen, 3–4 greiþ, greyþ(e, (3 græiðen, greiþi), 3–6 greith(e, 4 graiþ(e, grayþ, 4–5 graithe, graþ, greyth(e, 4–6 grayth(e, 4–7 grath, (4 grait, greþ, greiȝ, 5 greth, 6 greath, 9 grathe), 4– graith; also 4–5 pa. pple. 4 greyt, graid.
[a. ON. greiða, f. greið-r ready: see graith a.]
1. trans. To make ready, prepare, put in order, repair; also, to procure.
c1200Ormin 11087 He wollde shæwenn Whatt gate he wollde greȝȝþenn uss To winnenn eche blisse. c1205Lay. 8058 Þe king lette..græiðen heore iweden. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4920 + 75 (Harl. MS.) Þus wax stryf bytuene hem, hii greyþed her host vaste. a1300Cursor M. 3532 His broþer he fand giueand his tent To grayth a riche pulment. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 53 What grayþed me þe grychchyng bot grame more seche? 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 2501 Þi palays þou schalt grayþi. c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. iv. 19 Þat .I. had[de] grayþed deeþ to alle goode men. c1400Prymer in Maskell Mon. Rit. II. 62 Greithe a sikir weie: so that we seynge god be glad euermore. c1460Towneley Myst. xxvii. 286 Lo, here a borde and clothe laide, And breed theron, all redy graide. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 143 Of sic taillis they began, Quhill the supper was graid. 1513Douglas æneis iv. v. 92 Pas, son, in haist, graith thi wingis in effect. 1601Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 135 For mending the wheeles, and graithing the bells against the cronation day. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 156 Of coukes graithand or makand reddie flesh or fishe. 1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 29 Grathe, to put in order, to dress; to replace a worn bucket-leather.
†2. refl. To prepare oneself, get ready. Often with inf. Rarely intr. for refl. Obs.
c1230Hali Meid. 17 Leccherie ananriht greiðeð hire wið þat to weorren oþi meidenhad. a1300Cursor M. 20180 Has he sete me ani dai Þat i wit in me grait mai? c1400Destr. Troy 5970 Þai graithet to fle. a1400–50Alexander 2873 Þat he suld graythe him to ga as him his god chargis. c1460Towneley Myst. x. 76 Grayth the, gabriell, and weynd. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 642 That euerilk Scot..Within ane da sould graith thame for to gone. a1650Scotish ffeilde 55 in Furniv. Percy Folio MS. I. 215 Thus he greathes him godly..with a grat host.
†b. with to, toward, or an adv. implying motion: To prepare to go, shape one's course, betake oneself. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1738 He..greiðet him ðeðenward wið sped. a1300Cursor M. 17810 Ful smertli þai þam þider graid. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 300 Þei..smertly did þam grayth Toward Dun Bretayn. a1400Morte Arth. 1266 Graythe ȝowe to ȝone grene wode. c1400Melayne 1595 Oure Oste..graythes þam to Melayne walle. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 1600 To maumetry þai þaim graythe.
3. To equip, furnish; to array (in clothes, armour); to dress (a person); to fit out (a vessel); to bedeck, ornament. Also with up.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8955 Poueremen wel ofte in to hire chambre heo drou..& greiþede hom vaire inou. a1300Cursor M. 5190 ‘Gif me mi clathes’, þan said he, ‘And hastily þat we graithed be’. c1320Sir Tristr. 670 Graiþed y wil he be, And seþþen schewe him as kniȝt. c1350Will. Palerne 2731 On [schip] þat was gayly greyt to go to þe seile. c1394P. Pl. Crede 195 Þat cloister..wiþ lauoures of latun louelyche y-greithed. a1400Morte Arth. 589 Iche prynce with his powere appertlyche graythede. c1420Anturs of Arth. xl, Syr Gauan the gode was graythet in grene. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xliii. 28 Send in ȝour steid Ȝour ladeis grathit vp gay. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 223 The Romanis war sa weill graithit into geir. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 1033 Thair proud palphrais was grathit Incontinent, In glansand geir and best abillement. a1775Hobie Noble v. in Child Ballads vii. clxxxix. 2/1 Then Hobie has graithd his body weel. 1803R. Anderson Cumberld. Ball. 72 Oft graith'd in aw their kurk-gawn gear. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss. s.v., ‘Bonnily graithed,’ handsomely dressed. ‘Badly graithed’, ill dressed. ‘Get the table graithed’, set out.
refl.1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7642 Þat folc of denemarch..Greiþede hom mid gret poer. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 1917 Gii him graiþed. c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 389 Thise clerkes..greythen hem, and tooke hir hors anon. c1470Henry Wallace i. 277 His modyr graithit hir in pilgrame weid. 1513Douglas æneis viii. vii. 69 Thou the grathis for to fecht. 1593R. Barnes Parthenophil, Sonn. xlix. in Arb. Garner V, A Fiend which doth in Graces' garments grath her.
†b. to graith in the grave: to give burial to.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 112 He..Richt gloriouslie gart graith him in his graif. Ibid. 295. a 1600 Battle of Harlaw in Evergreen (1761) I. 80 He vowed..All the hale Lands of Ross to haif, Or ells be graithed in his Graif.
†c. fig. To treat, ‘serve’ in some (unwelcome) manner. Obs.
c1320Sir Tristr. 1095 Mo þat hider wil ride, Þus grayþed schul ȝe be. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Eugenia 374 Se hou⁓gat ȝone monk has graþit me. 1569N. Hubert Confess. in H. Campbell Love-lett. Mary Q. Scots 207 He should graith me in such a sort as I never was in my life.
†4.
a. = make in various senses: To make up, compose; to build, set up; to constitute; to represent. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 550 Of þir things i haf her said was adam cors to-gedir graid. c1400Destr. Troy 1664 In the cheffe of þe choise halle, chosen for þe kyng, Was a grounde vp graid with gresis of Marbill. a1400–50Alexander 1874 Syn gostid godesses & gods ere graythid neuir to dye. Ibid. 4499 For marcure was manslaȝt, a mammlere of wordis, Ȝe graith him to be gouenoure & god of þe tonge.
†b. To put on. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 2933 Gode crounes of gold on here hedes graiþed. a1400–50Alexander 790* [Alexander] Grathez on þis gay gere & þen a gilt sadyll. |