| 释义 |
gradate, v.|grəˈdeɪt|
[Back formation from gradation.]
1. With reference to colour:
a. intr. To pass by imperceptible grades from one tone or shade to another; to shade off. Const. into.
1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 96 Retiring shades, which gradate or go off by degrees. 1775C. Davy Bourrit's Glac. Savoy (1776) 113 The deeper colour of a single neighbouring mountain, which gradated from top to bottom. 1823Examiner 186/1 The light..admirably gradates into and contrasts the solemn dark on the shore.
b. trans. To cause so to pass by imperceptible grades.
1853Ruskin Stones Ven. III. ii. §21. 47 Let the reader take the two extreme tints and carefully gradate the one into the other. 1857― Elem. Drawing iii. 219 It is not enough..that colour should be gradated by being made merely paler or darker at one place than another.
absol.1857Ruskin Elem. Drawing i. 20 If you cannot gradate well with pure black lines, you will never gradate well with pale ones. 1874R. Tyrwhitt Sketch. Club 70 Now gradate over the gray to nothing with a little vermillion and yellow ochre.
2. trans. To arrange in steps or grades (material or immaterial). ? Only in pass. Const. into. Also with off.
1869A. W. Ward tr. Curtius' Hist. Greece II. iii. i. 254 The surrounding heights are gradated off in artificial terraces up to their summit. 1885Black Wh. Heather in Longm. Mag. VI. 126 In the old country, where society is gradated into ranks.
3. Chem. (? U.S. only.) ‘To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution’ (Webster 1897); ‘to concentrate as by evaporation’ (Funk's Stand. Dict.). Cf. graduate, graduation, graduator.
Hence graˈdated ppl. a.
1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. (1851) II. iii. i. v. §16 Compare the gradated colours of the rainbow with the stripes of a target. 1863E. V. Neale Anal. Th. & Nat. 179 These currents would produce, in all substances possessing a ‘gradated’ structure, secondary currents circulating round them. 1886Spectator 18 Dec. 1711 Glowing with rich and carefully gradated colour. |