| 释义 |
recovery|rɪˈkʌvərɪ|
Also 5 recov(e)ree, Sc. recouraie.
[a. AF. recoverie, -ery (1302–5) or OF. recovree, -couvree, f. pa. pple. of recoverir or recov(e)rer: see recover v.1 and -y.]
I.
†1. Possibility or means of recovering, or of being restored to, a normal state; remedy. Obs.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love ii. xi. (Skeat) l. 127 Now I praie [thee] to enforme me in this, or els I hold me without recouerie. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxx. 208 The frenche kynges thre sonnes..were right yong of age and of counsell; in them was but small recouery. Ibid. 743 This domage toucheth us so nyghe that we have no recovery. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 17 To ease thy sicknes speedilie, er helpe be past recouerie. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 200 On purpose to ruine past recovery a country that chiefly subsists by making of silk.
2. a. The act of recovering oneself from a mishap, mistake, fall, etc.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlv. 154 What became of the kynge..after this discomfyture, made he ony recouery, or dyd he close hymselfe in ony of his townes? 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. i. §1 The conditions on which fallen man may expect a recovery. 1734Waterland Doctr. Holy Trin. vi. Wks. 1823 V. 233 His mistake had shown some weakness of judgment, but his recovery manifested great strength of mind. 1781Cowper Retirem. 138 To..search the themes, important above all, Ourselves, and our recovery from our fall. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 133 The effort at recovery is instantaneous.
b. The act of regaining the natural position after curtseying. (Cf. recover v. 21 c.)
1712Budgell Spect. No. 277 ⁋17 The Curtesy and Recovery, the genteel Trip, and the agreeable Jet, as they are now practised in the Court of France. 1867Ouida C. Castlemaine (1879) 3 And practise their curtsey and recovery before their pier-glass.
c. Rowing. The act of returning to the proper position for making a fresh stroke. (Cf. 8.)
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 480/1 It is clear..that swing is not necessarily bad, but that it requires great skill to combine it with the proper recovery. 1884Pall Mall G. 5 Apr. 3/2 They now row much longer than they did, their recovery is better.
d. In general use, the act of regaining an original position, esp. after rhythmic movement.
1876[see recurb]. 1949Shurr & Yocom Mod. Dance 173 Practice slowly at first. Fall: one, two, three, four: Recovery. Ibid. 190 Recovery, a series of movements used in order to return to position after a full sequence.
e. Reversion of a material, object, or property to a former condition following removal of an applied stress or other influence.
1885P. G. Tait Properties of Matter xi. 218 All elastic recovery in solids is gradual. 1895Proc. R. Soc. LVIII. 132 Recovery of elasticity which the overstrained material undergoes with the mere lapse of time. 1939Williams & Homerberg Princ. Metallography (ed. 4) iii. 73 Complete recovery cannot be attained in polycrystalline metals. 1966C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials vii. 164 Recovery can also take place by annihilation of positive and negative dislocations, with or without the added movements in climb or cross-slip. 1975E. R. Trotman Dyeing & Chem. Technol. of Textile Fibres (ed. 5) vi. 129 Recovery from strain [of polynosic fibres] gives good dimensional stability to fabrics which contain them.
3. a. Restoration or return to health from sickness.
1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 188 He is so plaguy proud, that the death tokens of it, Cry no recouery. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §60 Grievously Wounded, but not without hope of Recovery. 1713Steele Englishm. No. 55. 352 The Joy of her Majesty's Recovery very much Contributed to the Diversion. 1781Cowper Table-t. 393 He thought the dying hour already come, And a complete recovery struck him dumb. 1820Syd. Smith in Lady Holland Mem. (1855) II. 219 Pray tell me how you are, and if you are making a good recovery. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 609 Recovery is generally rapid under suitable treatment.
b. In phr. in, on the, upon (the) recovery: recovering, convalescent. Cf. on the mend s.v. mend n. 5. ? Obs.
1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner L b, Good in hecticke feuers: restoreth their strength that are in recouery. 1618Demeanor of Sir W. Raleigh 33 When hee was vpon recouerie, he dispatched the Land-forces. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 83 The strangers..had been treated with great humanity, and were now on the recovery. 1789Cowper Let. to Lady Hesketh 4 Feb., Mrs. Unwin is certainly on the recovery. 1834H. Evans Diary 27 July in Chrons. Oklahoma (1925) III. 206 We found this Camp in a desolate situation... The sick some little on the recovery.
II.
4. Law. a. The fact or procedure of gaining possession of some property or right by a verdict or judgement of court; spec. the process, based on a legal fiction, by which entailed estate was commonly transferred from one party to another (also called common recovery: see b).
For accounts of the nature of (common) recovery, and of the legal process by which it was effected, see West Symbolæography (1594) ii. §136, Bacon Max. & Uses of Com. Law (1596) 62–64, Blackstone Comm. (1766) II. ii., Cruise Common Recoveries (1783) and Digest (1818) V. 416. The legal validity of this method of breaking entails rested mainly on the decision of the judges in Taltarum's case in 1472: see Year-bks. Edw. IV (1566) an. 12, Mich. pl. 25 fol. 19. Among the enactments regulating its use, the most important are those of 7 Hen. VIII, c. 4, 14 Geo. II, c. 20, and 3–4 Will. IV, c. 74 (see quot. 1833). The party nominally deprived of an estate by such a suit was said to suffer a recovery.
1472–3Rolls of Parlt. VI. 4/2 Londes and Tenementes..by any manere execution by any Statute or Recovery extended. 1515Act 7 Hen. VIII, c. 4 Where as dyverse as well noble men as other the Kynges Subjectes have sufferid Recoveries ayenst them of dyvers their Maners Lordshippes Landes & Tenementes. 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §136 The end and effect of such recoueries, is to discontinue and distroy estates tailes, remainders, and reuersions and barre the former owners thereof. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. i. 114 A great buyer of Land, with his Statutes, his Recognizances, his Fines, his double Vouchers, his Recoueries. 1668Pepys Diary 7 Feb., Mr. Jackson..hath this day suffered a recovery on his estate, in order to the making her a settlement. 1741Act 14 Geo. II, c. 20 §6 And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That from and after the Commencement of this Act, every Recovery already suffered, or hereafter to be suffered, shall be deemed good and valid to all Intents and Purposes. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. xxi. 362 In all recoveries it is necessary that the recoveree, or tenant to the praecipe, as he is usually called, be actually seised of the freehold, else the recovery is void. 1833Act 3 & 4 Will. IV, c. 74 (title) An Act for the Abolition of Fines and Recoveries and for the Substitution of more simple Modes of Assurance. 1861Maine Anc. Law vii. (1876) 289 Those famous Fines and Recoveries which did so much to undo the harshest trammels of the feudal land-law.
attrib.1766Blackstone Comm. II. 358 The subsequent proceedings are made up into a record or recovery roll. 1951Koestler Age of Longing i. i. 9 Your hand..is on lend-lease to a vicious old man; it is my recovery grant, or whatever you call it.
transf. and fig.1598Shakes. Merry W. iv. ii. 225 If the diuell haue him not in fee-simple, with fine and recouery [etc.]. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts, O.T. 30 A pledge..of this covenant of peace, made between us; and an ernest of the recovery, and free grant of this Well. 1635Quarles Embl. iii. xv. 182 My Grief's entayld upon my wastfull breath, Which no Recov'ry can cut off, but death.
b. common († or feigned) recovery (see above). single recovery, a suit of recovery in which a single vouchee was called (so double recovery, treble recovery). † true recovery (see quot. 1607).
1596Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law (1630) 64 If they make a writing, that one of them shall..suffer a common Recouerie to the other [etc.]. 1607Cowell Interpr. s.v., A true Recouerie is an actuall, or reall recouerie of anything, or the value thereof by Judgement. Ibid., A feigned recouerie is (as the Ciuilians call it) quædam fictio iuris, a certaine forme, or course, set downe by lawe, to be obserued for the better assuring of lands or tenements vnto us. 1670Blount Law Dict. s.v., This feigned Tenant, if it be a single Recovery, is made to appear and vouch the Bag⁓bearer of Writs, for the Custos Brevium, in the Court of Common Pleas. 1741Act 14 Geo. II, c. 20 (title) An Act to amend the Law concerning Common Recoveries. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 416 A common recovery can in general only be suffered in the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster, because a real action cannot be commenced in any other court.
†c. A fine, etc., recovered at law. Obs. rare—1.
1479in Eng. Gilds (1870) 419 [To pay fines, etc.] recovered in the seide Maires Court, vnto the seide Maire and to such personez as the seide recovrees belongeth to of right.
5. The recovering of something lost or taken away; the possibility of recovering such a thing.
1538Starkey England i. i. 24 Suffur not your tyme vaynly to pas, wych, wythout recouery, fleth away. 1555Eden Decades 168 Th[e]..recouerie of the kyngedome of Granata. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 26 So farre from endeuouring a recouery..they jested at the losse. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 130 The Recovery of Six Thousand Pounds, which I thought I had lost. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 120 After the recovery of Italy and Africa by the arms of Justinian. 1863Sat. Rev. 23 May 675 A very interesting recovery of the whole plan of a Norman conventual church.
b. of one's health, or other state.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 319 That for the better recovery of my health, I should returne into England. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. §82. 472/2 He retired for recovery of his health. 1877Winchell Sci. & Relig. v. 103 The recovery of that state of equilibrium which had been disturbed.
c. of a debt.
1745Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 29 An act for the more easy and speedy Recovery of small Debts. 1922Joyce Ulysses 710 The dun for the recovery of bad and doubtful debts. 1964W. D. Park Collection of Debts (ed. 2) iii. 37 The court has power, in any action for the recovery of a debt or damages, to order interest at such rate as it thinks fit on the whole or part of the debt for the whole or part of the period it has been due.
d. Something regained or recovered. rare—1.
1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. I. Pref. 5 All these minute recoveries could be inserted only to the exclusion of more material facts.
e. The extraction of reusable substances from the waste produced by a process; also, the original extraction of a useful substance from a mixture, raw material, etc.
1885Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. I. 216 (heading) Recovery of residuals from furnace gases. 1906R. W. Sindall Paper Technol. iv. 37 (heading) Soda recovery. 1923S. J. Truscott Textbk. Ore Dressing 3 With copper,..though ore containing as little as 2·5 per cent may exceptionally be successfully smelted, a better recovery is obtained when the content is higher. 1923W. H. Walker et al. Princ. Chem. Engin. vii. 228 (heading) Recovery of waste heat from furnaces. 1951K. K. Landes Petroleum Geol. xi. 621 Modern production methods..result in a much higher percentage of ultimate recovery and, conversely, a lower percentage of residual oil left underground. 1962F. T. Day Introd. Paper iv. 40 The excess water which falls through the machine wire bed flows away for recovery. 1978J. Updike Coup (1979) vi. 247 Engineer's my title; recovery's my racket... Better recovery in the established fields is the name of the game... It's a miracle, what you can squeeze out of a rock if you know where to pinch it.
f. The return or capture of a ringed or tagged animal after its release; = return n. 15 b.
1909Brit. Birds III. 180 Turning now to..the recovery of marked birds, it is as yet too early perhaps to expect many results of interest. The most interesting recovery that has as yet been reported is ring No. 4308. 1940H. F. Witherby et al. Handbk. Brit. Birds III. 23 Twenty-five recoveries of British ringed nestlings indicate movements of comparatively short distances only. 1959Listener 19 Feb. 321/1 We have been marking young seals with identity tags since 1951..and we have had some good recoveries. 1965P. Wayre Wind in Reeds iii. 36 Of the 284 ducks I ringed at Mileham, forty-five were recovered... Thirteen recoveries were from abroad. 1976L. Brown Brit. Birds of Prey ix. 114 Most of the recoveries are of birds which died unnatural deaths.
g. An amount recovered, usu. in contrast with that expended or initially available.
1931Economist 17 Jan. 112/2 Total recoveries for December were, for the first time for over three years, slightly (30,000,000 francs) below the expected level. 1958N.Z. Timber Jrnl. May 56/1 Recovery, the ratio of final product to log volume in timber conversion. 1973J. L. Gregoire in V. S. White Mod. Sawmill Techniques v. 118 Figure 5.2 shows typical recovery on a 9-inch-diameter log 16 feet long with 1/16-inch taper per foot... From this log we are able to obtain a 1×4 14 feet long and six pieces of 2×4 16 feet long.
h. The retrieval of a satellite or spacecraft after a flight. Freq. absol. and attrib.
1949Jrnl. Brit. Interplanetary Soc. VIII. 197 Two possibilities for increasing the chances for physical recovery after impact seemed worthy of investigation. 1960D. E. Bailey in K. W. Gatland Spaceflight Technol. 220 The main problems of satellite recovery are associated with deceleration, heating and tracking. 1961Ann. Reg. 1960 385 Subsequently the U.S. Air Force made two further recoveries of the smaller Discoverer satellites by snatching them in mid-air as they floated down towards the sea by parachute. 1962D. Slayton in Into Orbit 22 The recovery techniques which we would put into play to find and rescue the Astronaut and his capsule after they had landed. 1967Technol. Week 20 Feb. 10/3 Orbital telemetry indicated that the capsule battery should have sufficient charge to operate the radio beacon and flashing light that serve as recovery aids.
6. a. The restoration or bringing back of a person (or thing) to a healthy or normal condition or to consciousness.
1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 41 To fetch my poore distracted husband hence,..And beare him home for his recouerie. 1593― 3 Hen. VI, v. v. 45 What? doth shee swowne? vse meanes for her recouerie. 1669N. Morton New Eng. Mem. 180 This year much of the Wheat is destroyed with Blasting and Mildew,..but the Lord hath sent much Rain for the recovery of the remainder. 1774Cullen Lett. to Ld. Cathcart (1776) 6 Although the drowned persons have lain for several hours in the water, attempts ought to be made for their recovery.
†b. The cure of an illness, wound, etc. Obs.
1620E. Blount Horæ Subs. 392 In the recouery of some desperate sicknes, wound, or the like. 1761F. Sheridan Sidney Bidulph I. 14 Ordered by the physicians to Spa for the recovery of a lingering disorder.
7. a. Restoration or return to a higher or better state; reclamation (of persons). Now freq. in economic contexts.
1593G. Harvey New Lett. Wks (Grosart) I. 289 Were I not content, in some little hope of his finall recouery,..to do him a meritorious fauour by concealing his vtter discredit [etc.]. 1674(title) Captives bound in Chains,..the misery of graceless Sinners; and their recovery by Christ. 1736Butler Anal. ii. Concl. 295 Indeed neither Reason nor Analogy would lead us to think..that the Interposition of Christ.. would be of that Efficacy for Recovery of the World, which Scripture teaches us it was. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. i. 24 A modified system, which shall include the provision of means for recovery from a lapsed state. 1853J. Martineau Ess. (1890) II. 310 He is fitted to be among the prophets of recovery, who may prepare for us a more wholesome future. 1932A. Salter Recovery iv. i. 282 Here what is needed is a moratorium of several years, say four or five, to cover the depression and a period for Germany's recovery after it. 1940G. Crowther Outl. Money iii. 115 Prices rose with staggering rapidity, until..they were one million million times the pre-war level. This is ‘inflation without recovery’. 1958Times 28 June 11/7 The pound staged a remarkable recovery against the United States dollar. 1974B. Pearce tr. Amin's Accumulation on World Scale II. iv. 497 In order to explain world recovery, all that remains is to analyze the effects of new techniques.
b. Reclamation (of land). rare.
1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. iii. 121 The special work of his reign was the recovery of the soil.
c. The restoration to working condition of a disused mine.
1932Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers LXXXII. 452 The recovery of two separate underground districts which had been sealed off for several years due to the occurrence of fire.
8. The action of bringing back (an oar) to the original position. (Cf. 2 c.)
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 481/1 Keeping Time, is the feathering of the oars, and their recovery.
†9. The act or opportunity of reaching. Obs.
c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 213 To thintent that his adversaryes showld not have ready recovery of the shore and coome a land. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. 318 We were already past threescore leagues beyond the Port..; by reason whereof, we were fain to tack about for the recovery of it fifteen days.
III. 10. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 3) recovery area, recovery room, recovery school, recovery unit, recovery ward; (sense 5) recovery airfield, recovery area, recovery crew, recovery fleet, recovery line, recovery ship, recovery team, recovery vehicle; (sense 5) recovery furnace, recovery plant; (sense 7) recovery area, recovery party; recovery time, (a) the time required for an object or material, esp. an item of electronic equipment, to return to some specified condition following an action, e.g. the passage of a current; (b) Railways, time allowed in a schedule in excess of that which would be required in normal running.
1963Dict. U.S. Mil. Terms 11 It is not expected that combat missions would be conducted from a *recovery airfield.
1965Guardian 23 Aug. 1/2 It was taken for granted that the astronauts would be brought down in the Bermuda ‘*recovery area’ at 12 22 a.m. 1971Ibid. 1 July 1/5 The Soyuz made a..soft landing in the expected recovery area. 1976Scotsman 27 Dec. 2/7 An attempt to have South Ayrshire designated as a recovery area. 1977Times 25 Aug. 2/6 After transfer to the recovery area he [sc. a baby] was left in the care of a pupil nurse.
1971Guardian 1 July 1/5 A helicopter-borne *recovery crew..found the cosmonauts..without any signs of life. 1976Daily Times (Lagos) 26 Aug. 9/3 Landings in darkness are generally avoided by Soviet space controllers as they hamper the work of recovery crews.
1968Guardian 23 Sept. 1/2 The splash-down appears to have been some way from the *recovery fleet.
1942G. S. Witham Modern Pulp & Paper Making (ed. 2) viii. 215 The Wagner *Recovery Furnace..embodies an attempt to greatly increase the efficiency of heat utilization in the recovery furnace over what is possible with the traditional rotary furnace. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. of Papermaking v. 107 There are various designs of rotary recovery furnaces although these are generally of the horizontal type.
1976J. D. Lee Ninth Man i. i. 8 One of the deck crewmen started paying out the *recovery line, and the rubber boat bobbed away from the submarine.
1933Sun (Baltimore) 7 Oct. 1/8 McKee named his ticket the ‘*Recovery Party’.
1929Clapperton & Henderson Mod. Paper-Making xxii. 318 The water goes to waste, or back into use, or to a further *recovery plant. 1970Adv. in Chem. XCVII. 223 The performance of butadiene recovery plants improves as solvent selectivity increases.
1916S. S. Goldwater in Trans. Amer. Hospital Assoc. XVIII. 476 A large ward designed for an acute surgical service should have *recovery rooms, where postoperative cases may be cared for. 1951Anesthesiology July 476 The use of the recovery room has without question saved lives. 1964G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? iii. 51 She wanted a post-operative recovery room, to avoid crises on a ward ill equipped to deal with them. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. k10/1 Hospital auxiliary needs volunteers to make infant sweaters,..blankets and stuffed toys for children coming from the recovery room.
1909Westm. Gaz. 11 Sept. 9/4 The establishment of open-air *recovery schools.
1962D. Slayton in Into Orbit 23 The Navy stuck most of its *recovery ships in these big areas.
1976B. Jackson Flameout (1977) vi. 108 Red Cross volunteers were still carrying coffee and Coke to the *recovery teams.
1944Princ. Radar (Mass. Inst. Technol. Radar School) xi. 18 The time required for elimination of these free ions after disappearance of the main pulse signal is referred to as the *recovery time of the device. 1959G. R. Partridge Princ. Electronic Instruments & Instrumentation xix. 373 The interval from the end of the dead time to the moment when another full⁓size pulse can be produced is known as the recovery time. 1961Trains Illustrated Nov. 684/1 Time regaining soon began and by Doncaster, with the joint help of 4 min recovery time and a top speed of 85 m.p.h. on the level at Moss, 6 min had been picked up. 1964Proc. IEEE LII. 1301/1 The time required for full recovery of a gap between silver contacts in vacuum..ranged from about 1 µ sec to 30 µ sec... This short recovery time is to be contrasted with the much longer recovery time in gases which is of the order of milliseconds. 1967R. K. Richards Electronic Digital Components & Circuits ii. 31 The time for removal of the minority carriers is called the ‘recovery time’ of the diode. 1977Modern Railways Dec. 481/3 Nothing more than 81 mile/h was sufficient for even time to Stowmarket and the ensuing sharp 14 min to Diss was just kept from where recovery time should have balanced the arrears.
1965Nursing Times 5 Feb. p. iv/2 (Advt.), *Recovery Unit.
a1944K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) 10 Field workshops with huge *recovery vehicles and winches. 1974A. Douglas Noah's Ark Murders i. 6 The recovery vehicle was positioned directly opposite the car.
1965Nursing Times 5 Feb. p. lxii (Advt.), Enrolled Nurses..For *Recovery Ward to do full-time day duty. 1970H. McLeave Question of Negligence i. 14 Cameron strolled around the recovery ward to inquire, as always, about the patients he had done that day.
▸ recovery position n. Med. a first-aid position used to protect the airway in a person who is unconscious but breathing, in which the body is turned to the side, with the uppermost arm and leg bent, and the head resting on the lower cheek.
1976Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 18 Sept. 27/1 An unconscious person should be turned on one side in what's called the *recovery position, not slapped about the face. 1982First Aid Man. (St. John Ambulance, St. Andrew Ambulance Assoc. & Brit. Red Cross) 19/1 When the casualty is breathing normally, place in the Recovery Position. 2005I. McEwan Saturday ix. 230 With Theo still holding Baxter's head, Perowne rolled him into a recovery position, and looked at the other vital signs. |