| 释义 |
▪ I. † gong, n.1 Obs.
Also 1 gang, 3–6 gonge, 5 goonge, 6 goung(e, gung(e.
[A special use of OE. gang, gǫng: see gang n.1 So ON. gang-r, OHG. feld-gang, MHG., MDu. ganc.]
1. A privy.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 290 Þaða he to gange com. c1050Suppl. ælfric's Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 185/18 Latrina, uel secessus, gang. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Machor 981 Þai ware.. schot in till gong stinkand. c1400Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iii. 125, I knoweleche to the that ther nys no goonge more stynkynge thenne my soule is. 1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 72 If every hous were honest to ete fleish inne, than were it honest to ete in a gonge. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 347 The Iewe of Tewkysbury, which fell into a gonge vpon the Satyrday. 1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C iij b/2 In a foule prison or in a stinking gonge. 1541Paynel Salernes Regim. 34 We shulde eschewe gunges, sinkes, gutters [etc.]. 1570Levins Manip. 167/37 A Gonge, forica. 1576Gascoigne Grief of Joy Wks. (Hazlitt) II. 282 A stately Toye, a preciows peece of pellfe, A gorgeous gong, a worthles painted wall, A flower full freshe [etc.].
2. The contents of a privy; ordure.
1562in Stow's Surv. (1633) 666 No man shall bury any dung, or goung, within the Liberties of this City.
3. attrib. and Comb., as gong-hole, gong-house, gong-man, gong-pit; gong-farmer [farmer1], -fayer, -fower, a scavenger; gong-þurl, the hole of a privy.
c1440Promp. Parv. 203/2 *Goonge fyrmar (K., H., S. gongefowar; P. feyar), cloacarius, latrinarius. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi, They made a gong-fermer smyte of his hede. 1562in Stow's Surv. (1633) 666 No Goungfermour shall carry any Ordure till after nine of the Clocke in the night. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 21 Met in the street a gong-farmer with his cart full laden.
a1485*Gongefowar, -feyar [see c 1440 above].
c1440Promp. Parv. 203/2 *Goo[n]ge hoole, gumphus.
a1225Ancr. R. 84 Heo beoð þes deofles *gongmen, & beoð wiðuten ende in his *gong huse.
c1000ælfric Interr. Sigewulfi xlix. (MacLean) 90 On þære nyðemestan fleringe wæs heora *gangpyt & heora myxen. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxix. 48 In to a gonge-put fer wiþ-Inne Þe child adoun þer-Inne he þrong.
a1225Ancr. R. 84 To wrien, & te helien þet *gong þurl.
▪ II. gong, n.2|gɒŋ|
[a. Malay gō̆ng, gū̆ng, so called in imitation of the sound made by the instrument. Hence also F. and G. gong, Sp. gongo.]
1. a. A metallic disk with upturned rim (usually made of an alloy composed of four parts copper to one of tin) which produces resonant musical notes when suspended and struck with a soft mallet. Also Chinese gong, a type of gong used in orchestras to give special effects. (See tom-tom n. 1 b.)
Of Asiatic (Malay) origin, but now very generally employed in European countries as an instrument of call, esp. to summon a household to meals.
c1600Adv. A. Battel in Purchas Pilgrims (1625) II. 970 In the morning before day the Generall did strike his Gongo, which is an Instrument of War that soundeth like a Bell. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 338 A great Drum with but one Head called a Gong; which is instead of a Clock. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 176 They are fond of musical gongs, which come from Cheribon on Java. 1801Southey Thalaba ix. 190 (Stanf.) The heavy Gong is heard, That falls like thunder on the dizzy ear. 1806T. Busby Dict. Mus. (ed. 2) Gong, a Chinese instrument of the pulsatile kind. Ibid., The Gong is never introduced, except to give a national cast to the music in which it is employed, or to awaken surprise, and rouse the attention of the auditors. 1816Scott Antiq. vi, I have had equally doubt concerning my dinner call; gongs, now in present use, seemed a new-fangled and heathenish invention. 1832H. Martineau Demerara iii. 30 At this moment the gong sounded the hour of dinner. 1847J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) I. 143 Let the breakfast-gong sound at ten o'clock. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. x. 225 The two damsels now appeared, summoned by the gong. 1888Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms (ed. 3) 435/2 Tom-tom,..a Chinese gong. 1900Grove Dict. Mus. (ed. 2) IV. 56/2 Tam-tam, the French term for the gong in the orchestra. 1961A. C. Baines Mus. Instruments xiv. 341 The tam-tam or gong, from Eastern Asia, has been used in the orchestra to assist a climax, with its ominous note to suggest sadness or despair. 1962Listener 22 Nov. 885/3 A vibraphone, a zylophone, and four Chinese gongs. 1968Observer 14 Jan. 4/7 We don't make gongs very much. Ibid., The traditional home of the gong is the Far East.
b. A saucer-shaped bell, struck by a hammer or tongue moved by some mechanical device; chiefly used as an alarm or call-bell.
1864in Webster. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
c. attrib. and Comb., as gong-drum, gong-hammer, gong-metal, gong music, gong-peal, gong-stand; gong-like, gong-tormented adjs.; gong-bell = b (Webster 1864).
1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 1086 Gong drum jazz outfit... Comprising:—17-in. Gong Drum, 10-in. Side Drum and Sticks, [etc.]. 1954Grove's Dict. Mus. (ed. 5) II. 773/1 A single-headed type of bass drum is the ‘gong drum’ or ‘gong bass drum’... Introduced for theatre use to save space..it was adopted towards the end of the 19th century..and is still in use..to-day.
1889Cent. Dict., Gong hammer. 1906Westm. Gaz. 4 Sept. 8/2 The lever which governs the escapement of the alarum makes a noise sufficient almost to wake a light sleeper without the aid of the gong-hammer striking.
1924A. D. Sedgwick Little French Girl ii. v. 140 Now and then she emitted a loud gong-like laugh.
1854J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sci., Chem. 492 Bell-metal contains about twice that quantity of tin; and gong-metal somewhat less.
1969Australian 7 June 16/6 Indonesian gong music and singing is the most accessible Asian music for Western ears.
1811Scott Don Roderick xix, Gong-peal and cymbal-clank the ear appal.
1932W. B. Yeats Words for Music 2 That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.
2. slang.
a. A medal or decoration (see quot. 1925).
1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 106 A gong, a medal. (An old Army term suggested by the shape.) 1942‘B. J. Ellan’ Spitfire! xv. 80 Wilf, G― and F/Sgt. S― had all been awarded ‘Gongs’ (medals to you!) after Dunkirk. 1944Lancet 9 Sept. 359/1 To balance my civilian contemporaries' achievements of the past four years, I have acquired a wife and family, some expensive tastes, the ‘1939–43 gong’. 1954G. Smith Flaw in Crystal 144 He'd been invalided out... There he was..unadorned among all the wings and pips and gongs. 1958M. Dickens Man Overboard iii. 35 Other people came out of the war with Mentions and worthwhile gongs that tacked letters after their names. 1959[see clanger].
b. A warning bell on a police car.
1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad xxvii. 277 When they spotted the police car on their trail they opened their car out and pretended that they couldn't hear the gong,..but they..were overhauled and pinched.
3. [? A different word.] A narcotic drug. Also ˈgonger, opium; an opium pipe; gongeˈrine, an opium pipe. U.S. slang.
1914Jackson & Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 38 Gonger. Current amongst smokers and drug fiends. An opium pipe. Also used in the diminutive form ‘gongerine’. 1915G. Bronson-Howard God's Man vii. i. 393 Come, lie 'round and join in the fun; With the aid of ‘the gong’. 1933Amer. Speech VIII. 27/2 Hitting the gong,..kicking the gong around. 1938Ibid. XIII. 185/1 Gonger, any opium derivatives. 1952J. Steinbeck East of Eden 198 Let the gong alone for a couple of weeks. 1955U.S. Senate Hearings (1956) VIII. 4162 Beat the gong,..to smoke opium. Ibid., Gong beater, one who smokes opium.
▪ III. gong, v.|gɒŋ|
[f. gong n.2]
1. To sound a gong; to make a gong-like sound; to summon (a person) with a gong.
1903H. G. Wells in Strand Mag. Apr. 426/1 He has just gonged, no doubt to order another buttered tea⁓cake! 1959J. Wain Travelling Woman 28 The vase, which was a metal one, gonged on the floor, and the flowers fell messily at his feet. 1959D. Barton Loving Cup 167, I gong them into meals on the dot.
2. Of traffic police: to call upon (a driver) to stop by ringing a powerful ‘gong’. Also intr. (Cf. gong n.2 2 b.)
1934in Webster. 1935Times 9 Oct. 9/3 ‘If Major Gwynne had passed you a little farther down the road you would not have gonged him then because that part is not restricted?’—‘No.’ 1936Times 12 Mar. 8/5 He..was approaching a stationary car outside the Royal Oak when he gonged, slowed down at a pedestrian crossing, and [etc.]. 1966T. Wisdom High-Performance Driving xvi. 137 He will then have to ‘gong’ you into the side on a busy trunk road.
▪ IV. gong
obs. form of gang. |