| 释义 |
Golgi Anat.|ˈgɒldʒɪ|
The name of Camillo Golgi (1844–1926), Italian anatomist, used attrib. and in the possessive to designate various microscopical methods introduced by him, and various types of cell, cell organelle, etc., discovered by or named after him. a. Golgi('s) method, technique, any of various staining methods employing silver salts or osmium tetroxide; so Golgi stain.
1885Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 2nd Ser. V. 904 Golgi's methods for staining nerve-elements black are based on the action of nitrate of silver and perchloride of mercury following the use of bichromate of potash. 1891Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XXV. 448 By the Golgi method all the cells are rarely stained. 1892Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. III. 26 (heading) The Golgi silver stain with the central nervous system, and its results. 1910Allbutt & Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) VII. 853 The cavity is usually surrounded by a zone of thick neuroglial tissue which..is deeply stained by the Weigert haematoxylin stain, and by the Golgi stains. 1968G. C. Hirsch in McGee-Russell & Ross Cell Struct. & Interpret. xxxi. 396 This method revealed the same cell-constituents as those blackened by the classical Golgi techniques.
b. Golgi('s) cell, any of various nerve cells, esp. Golgi('s) type I and type II cell, respectively nerve cells with long and with short axons.
1892Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. III. 28/2 Cells of the posterior horns, whose nerve processes become richly branched and correspond to Golgi's II type. 1932W. Penfield Cytol. Cell. Path. Nerv. Syst. II. ix. 433 Golgi's epithelial cells (Bergmann cells). Ibid. 435 These feathered cells are probably of the same order as Golgi's epithelial cells and if completely stained would prove to have subpial expansions like the Golgi cells. 1961T. L. Peele Neuroanat. Basis Clin. Neurol. (ed. 2) i. 4/1 Structurally, nerve cells have been classed according to the length of their axons, as Golgi type I (long) and Golgi type II (short).
c. Golgi corpuscle, Golgi (tendon) organ, Golgi tendon spindle; Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle, Golgi organ (see quots.).
1897Proc. R. Soc. LXI. 248 The terminal arborisation which the nerve-fibres finally make is as a rule small as compared with the end-arborisations of ordinary Kühne-Ruffini ‘spindles’ or the Golgi ‘tendon-organs’. 1900Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. X. 165 The Golgi tendon spindles were found by him in the tendons of the eye-muscles of cattle, swine, dogs, cats, rabbits and men. Ibid. 174 Where a single branched nerve or several independent nerves enter the granular substance..the resemblance to the Pacinian corpuscles is lost and it is to these especially that the name ‘Golgi-Mazzoni organs’ is sometimes applied. 1950R. Wyburn-Mason Trophic Nerves viii. 105 The sensory endings in deep tissues are of four main types:—... (2) The Golgi corpuscles found in tendons and supplied by myelinated afferent nerves. They are stimulated by tension. 1964E. G. Walsh Physiol. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 2) ii. 54 Golgi tendon organs seem to bear a special relationship to the cerebellum.
d. Golgi apparatus, Golgi body, Golgi complex, Golgi net, Golgi network, etc., a cytoplasmic cell organelle of complex structure that is now believed to be involved in secretion. Also used to designate components of this structure, as Golgi element, Golgi material, Golgi region, Golgi rod, Golgi sac, Golgi substance, Golgi vesicle, etc.
1916A. M. Pappenheimer in Anat. Rec. XI. 110 None of these terms appear to be entirely satisfactory. I shall, therefore, refer to the structures simply as the Golgi apparatus. 1924Hogben & Winton Introd. Rec. Adv. Compar. Physiol. 197 In the cytoplasm are present granular bodies, of which two sorts are commonly distinguished, namely, the mitochondria and Golgi rods. 1925E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) 50 In many cases the Golgi ‘net’ is built up from originally separate bodies—lamelliform, rod-like, banana-shaped or the like... These bodies are variously designated as ‘batonettes’, ‘dictyosomes’, or Golgi-bodies. 1926L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 2) vii. 126 For many years the Golgi material has been chiefly the concern of students of animal tissues. 1946Nature 24 Aug. 274/1 It has come to be realized that the Golgi bodies are to be found in most, if not all, living animal cells. 1949Q. Jrnl. Micros. Sci. XC. 293 (title) Further remarks on the Golgi element. 1952Sci. News XXIV. 23 The much debated reticular structure known as the Golgi apparatus. 1967L. T. Threadgold Ultrastruct. Anim. Cell v. 164 The Golgi complex, which was such a controversial structure when it could only be observed with the light microscope, has emerged from electron microscopy with a distinct and characteristic fine structure which makes it readily recognizable in all cells. 1970Ambrose & Easty Cell Biol. v. 164 The Golgi region was first observed in certain nerve cells. |