| 释义 |
glycolysis Biochem.|glaɪˈkɒlɪsɪs|
[f. glyco- + lysis.]
An important metabolic process, the initial pathway in cell respiration, in which sugar, sugar phosphates, or precursors of these are broken down by enzymic reactions releasing energy and yielding esp. pyruvic acid or lactic acid in animal tissues; by extension, used of similar processes in other organisms yielding different products, such as ethyl alcohol in fermentation. (Orig. used of the disappearance of sugar from drawn blood.)
1892Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXII. i. 89 (heading) Hematic glycolysis. Estimation of glycogen in the blood. 1895Ibid. LXVIII. ii. 361 Glycolysis..is not a vital process, but the blood corpuscles contain substances which possess the power in question. 1937Halliburton & McDowall Handbk. Physiol. & Biochem. (ed. 35) xl. 591 The blood is kept under oil to prevent loss of CO2. Oxalate is added to prevent clotting and fluoride to prevent glycolysis. 1959New Scientist 29 Jan. 218/1 On death the blood supply stops and the tissues become depleted in oxygen and fermentation (or anærobic glycolysis) sets in. 1968A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xviii. 395 Meyerhof prepared soluble extracts of muscle that catalyzed glycolysis and later demonstrated that, except for the final steps, glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation are essentially similar. 1968Miall & Sharp New Dict. Chem. (ed. 4) 270/1 The metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates..may occur in the presence of oxygen (‘aerobic glycolysis’) or in its absence (‘anaerobic glycolysis’).
Hence (as a back-formation) ˈglycolyse v. trans., to metabolize (a substance) in glycolysis.
1938Biochem. Jrnl. XXXII. 337 The tumour slices had been permitted to glycolyse anaerobically normally for 45 min. 1951F. Dickens in Sumner & Myrbäck Enzymes II. i. lxiii. 625 Allowing the somewhat vague expression ‘glycolysis’ to be replaced by the more specific indications of the sugar glycolyzed, if this is known. 1962R. van Heyningen in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 399 Most of the glucose used by the lens is glycolysed. |