| 释义 |
‖ umma|ˈuma|
Also Umma, ummah.
[Arab. 'umma people, community, nation.]
1. The Islamic community, founded by Muhammad at Medina, comprising individuals bound to one another by religious ties on a tribal model.
1885T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 654/2 Ummah,..a people, a nation, a sect. The word occurs about forty times in the Qur'an. Ummatu Ibrāhim, the people of Abraham..Ummatu Muhammad, the people of Muhammad. 1919H. U. W. Stanton Teaching of Qur'an vi. 71 The..term..ummah, i.e. religious community. Of this it is said that mankind were originally one ummah, and that Allāh, had He pleased, could have kept them so. 1934Encycl. Islam IV. 1015/2 Muhammad frequently discusses the question why mankind consists of a plurality of ummas and has not remained a unit. 1974B. Lewis in Schacht & Bosworth Legacy of Islam (ed. 2) iv. 157 From the start, the Islamic umma had a dual character. On the one hand it was a political society..; on the other it was a religious community, founded by a prophet and ruled by his deputy. 1976Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXIV. 613/1 The flexibility of government in Islam goes back—doesn't it?—to the concept of ‘Umma’ in Islam, the idea that Islam came actually to build up an Umma, a community, rather than impose a doctrine. 1979Economist 5 May 82/2 The governance of the Moslem community, the umma.
2. (With capital initial.) The name of a nationalist political party founded in the Sudan in 1945.
1946Economist 9 Mar. 369/1 The western Sudanese..speak through the Umma or nationalist party, which wants ‘a union in which the two partners enjoy internal and external autonomy’. 1946Times 30 Sept. 4/5 The Umma Party of Sudan. 1958Listener 21 Aug. 256/2 Both these ministers are members of the Umma, the Mahdist party. 1965K. D. D. Henderson Sudan Republic vii. 89 There emerges in March 1945 a new political party calling itself the Umma, the Community Party with the slogan of ‘the Sudan for the Sudanese’. 1979M. Deeb Party Politics in Egypt ii. 40 The defunct Umma Party. 1981Economist 24 Jan. 43/2 There are parochial or communal parties which do not favour or are fearful of, absorption into larger units: these include the Christian Phalange in Lebanon, the Umma in Sudan, the Neo-Destour in Tunisia. |