| 释义 |
▪ I. † glut, n.1 Obs. rare.
[a. OF. glut, glout greedy, gluttonous.]
= glutton.
c1394P. Pl. Crede 67 What glut of þo gomes may any good kachen, He will kepen it hymself. a1400–50Alexander 4552 Ane [of the gods] leris ȝow to be licherus..Ane, to be grindand gluttis & glorand dronkin.
▪ II. glut, n.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Also 6 gloute.
[a. OF. glout gulp, n. related to gloutir, glut v.2]
A gulp or full draught; the amount (of liquid) swallowed at a gulp.
1533Elyot Cast. Helth (1541) 41 b, Let him drinke a lytel smal biere or ale, so that he drinke not a great glut, but in a lytel quantite. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. x. 223 Many of the Tartarres when the bodies lie fresshe bliedinge on the grounde, laye them downe alonge, and suck of y⊇ bloud a full gloute. 1658R. White tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 31 Moving sands, which covered and buried heretofore at one glut the puissant army of King Cambyses. c1785J. Thompson's Man 23 And for a continual Diet-Drink, take five great Gluts of the Decoction of Mother Wit three Times a Day. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm. II. 217 Should the horse have to undertake a longer journey..a stinted allowance of water before starting..is requisite, say to 10 gluts. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Glut, a drink. ‘Tyek a glut or twee an' ye'll be bettor.’
▪ III. glut, n.3|glʌt|
Also 6 glutte.
[f. glut v.1]
1. The act of glutting or condition of being glutted with food, etc.; full indulgence in some pleasure, ending in satiety or disgust; one's ‘fill’ of something which finally cloys the appetite; a surfeit.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 3 Use the first water againe for the vehiculum..because the same hath alreadie receyved his glutte of the oyles. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iv. Wks. 1856 I. 137 Even I have glut of blood. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 295 The glut of provender or other meat not digested, doth cause a Horse to have great pain in his body. 1631R. H. Arraignm. Whole Creature vi. 41 They cannot have alwayes their glut, their fill, and their will in Sinne. a1659Bp. Brownrig Serm. (1674) I. xxvi. 346 This glut of wealth, and a full satiety of all pleasure, is sinful. 1667Milton P.L. x. 989 So Death Shall be deceiv'd his glut, and with us two Be forc'd to satisfy his ravenous maw. 1723Pope Let. to Swift 12 Jan., A Glut of study and retirement in the first part of my life, cast me into this [dissipation]. 1815P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 138 We got two hours' glut at their pheasants. 1868Bain Ment. & Mor. Sci. iii. viii. §5 If the chief fact be the glut of sensuality and of power, the feeling is one of great and acute pleasure.
transf.1667Milton P.L. vi. 589 Those deep-throated Engins..disgorging foule Thir devillish glut, chain Thunderbolts and Hail Of Iron Globes.
†b. pl. Obs.
1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. ii. iv, Husbands must take heed They giue no gluts of kindness to their Wiues. 1628Jackson Creed vi. i. vi. §2 The gluts or gushes of pleasure may at one time be much greater than another, yet still transient, never consistent. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus (ed. 5) 892 But the Gluts and the Loathings of an irregular Love are unaccountable.
2. A supply of any mercantile commodity which is greatly in excess of the demand; freq. a glut in the market.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 31 Buying store of Roses when you finde a glut of them in the market. 1662Petty Taxes 47 We should have no such gluts of wool upon our hand. 1735Berkeley Querist App. §215 By a glut of paper, the prices of things must rise. 1787T. Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 261 The present glut is occasioned by their importing too much. 1848Mill Pol. Econ. iii. xiv. §1 (1876) 337 Dearth, or scarcity, on the one hand, and over⁓supply, or, in mercantile language, glut, on the other, are incident to all commodities. 1868Rogers Pol. Econ. (ed. 3) viii. 79 As a rule, the phenomenon of a glut in the labour market attends any great exaltation in the price of food.
attrib.1829Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 115 Low, glut prices are highly injurious to them.
3. An excessive quantity or number. Now rare.
[1639Fuller Holy War i. xvii. (1640) 27 Seeing the world in that age had rather a glut, then famine of Saints.] 1653A. Wilson Jas. I, 76 At our Kings first accesse to the Crown, there was a glut of Knights made. 1742Richardson Pamela IV. 114 To..patch up a Drama in Italian, in order to throw in a Glut of minuitish Airs. 1824Byron Juan xv. xxxiii, They have at hand a blooming glut of brides.
4. An excessive influx of water, rain, etc. Now rare.
1636B. Jonson Discov. (1640) 116 If you powre a glut of water upon a Bottle, it receives little of it. 1661J. Childrey Brit. Baconica 47 Extream gluts of rain, or lasting wet weather. 1727Thomson Summer (1st vers.) 494 Collected all In one big glut..Th' impetuous torrent, tumbling down the steep Thunders. 1852T. Thompson Ann. Influenza (1863) 82 There were some great gluts of rain after the long drought. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. ii. x. §87 (1875) 268 These currents from all sides lead to a wave of accumulation where they meet—a glut.
fig.1748Chesterfield Lett. (1792) I. cxxxvii. 369 The thaw has, I suppose, by this time, set them [letters] at liberty..and you will receive a glut of them at once.
†b. An excessive flow of saliva, bile, etc. Obs.
1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 108 Put it in a linen bag, and hold it to thy teeth, and shut thy mouth while one may say three Pater nosters, then open thy mouth, and let out the glutt. 1719Acct. Sickness & Death Dr. W—dw—d in Arbuthnot's Misc. Wks. (1751) I. 179 Throughout the whole Tract of the Intestines there was nothing remarkable, besides an exceeding Flatulency, and great Gluts of vitiated Bile.
†5. That which gluts or chokes up (a channel).
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 44 The Shells were by some Glut, Stop, or other Means arrested in their Passage. 1704Addison Italy (1705) 113 He gathers in his tedious Course Ten Thousand Streams, and swelling as he flows, In Scythian Seas the Glut of Rivers throws.
▪ IV. † glut, n.4 Obs.
[Alteration of glit gleet n., associated with glut n.3 (sense 1).]
= gleet n. 2.
1611Markham Country Content. (1649) 38 To enseame your hawke, which is, to cleanse her from grease, fat, and glut. 1615Latham Falconry (1633) 7 She gathers no glut to decay her stomacke.
▪ V. † glut, n.5 Obs. rare—1.
[? ad. Gr. γλῶττις landrail (?), given in quot. as the equivalent term.]
A kind of bird; ? the muff or whitethroat.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 181 Gluts. Muff. Glottides..They feed in the fennes upon red seedes, bents and wormes.
▪ VI. glut, n.6 techn. or dial.|glʌt|
[Perhaps an altered form of clut, dial. var. of cleat, assimilated to glut v.1; related to glut v.3, where ‘choked or glutted’ in the quot. suggests glut v.1 4.]
1. A wedge of wood or iron (see quots.).
1790Marshall Midl. Cties. II. 437 Glut, a large wooden wedge. 1825Jamieson, Gluts, two wedges used in tempering the plough. The end of the beam being movable in the stilt into which it was inserted, these wedges were anciently employed in raising or depressing it. 1846Young Naut. Dict., Glut, a piece of wood inserted as a fulcrum to get a better lever-power on any thing, or inserted beneath the thing prized in order to prevent its recoil when freshening the nip of the lever. 1852Newcastle Mining Gloss. (Northumbld. Gloss.), Glut, a piece of wood to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. 1852Seidel Organ 140 Wood pipes which produce a tremulous tone are remedied by a small wooden glut being driven into the wedge of the mouth. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. viii. 145 The edges which are to be welded are introduced into the grooves of an H-shaped piece of iron, which the patentee calls a ‘glut’.
2. (See quots.)
1875Knight Dict. Mech. Glut, a small brick or block introduced into a course to complete it. 1889C. T. Davis Bricks & Tiles (ed. 2) 285 The plunger is then at or about its lowest point, and a ‘glut’, or green brick is placed in the mould [etc.].
3. Naut. (See quot.)
1841Dana Seaman's Man. 107 Glut, a piece of canvas sewed into the centre of a sail, near the head. It has an eyelet-hole in the middle for the bunt-jigger or becket to go through.
▪ VII. glut, n.7
A kind of eel. (See gloat n.2)
▪ VIII. glut, v.1|glʌt|
Also 4 (vbl. n. gloutynge), glotye, glotte.
[Prob. f. glut n.1 or its OF. source.]
1. trans. To feed to repletion; to indulge (appetite) to the utmost. Chiefly refl. or pass. Const. with. † Also to glut up (hunger).
c1315[see glutting vbl. n.1]. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. x. 76 To a-glotye [Ilchester MS. glotye] with here gurles. [See aglut.] 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 99 That they fele theyr stomackes partly hungry, and not vtterly saciate or glutted. 1549Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1569) E iv, Ye haue waxed greedye now vpon Cities, and haue attempted mightie spoyles, to glut vppe and ye coulde your..hunger. 1632tr. Bruel's Praxis Med. 407 As they are forbidden to glut themselues, so they must not be altogether fasting. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 497 Grim Slaughter strides along Glutting her greedy Jaws. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 116 There are other persons who have had a taste for harder substances, and have glutted themselves with stones, glass, and even leaden bullets. 1852Hawthorne Tanglewood T., Minotaur (1879) 33 Destined to glut the ravenous maw of that detestable man-brute.
transf.1667Milton P.L. iii. 259 Thou..shalt look down and smile, While..I ruin all my Foes, Death last, and with his Carcass glut the Grave. 1715–20Pope Iliad xxi. 337 Stay, and the furious flood shall cease to rave: 'Tis not thy fate to glut his angry wave. 1808J. Barlow Columb. i. 626 Crew and cargo glut the watery grave. a1878Bryant Freeman's Hymn (Cent.), Where famine never blasts the year, Nor plagues, nor earthquakes glut the grave.
b. intr. for refl.
1632Lithgow Trav. ii. 74 Her babes were brought forth for the sword to glut upon. 1847Tennyson Princ. ii. 365 Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn, We issued gorged with knowledge.
2. fig. To gratify to the full (in earlier use, a sense or appetite of any kind, now, esp., a ferocious or lustful desire). Also to glut a person, glut his eyes, etc. with, † in something.
1549Sir J. Cheke Hurt of Sedition (1569) C ij b, You..are better contented to suffer famine..to glutte your lustes, than [etc.]. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iii. iii. (1651) 323 A country man may travel from kingdome to kingdome..and glut his eyes with delightful objects. 1632E. Reynolds Expl. 110th Psalm 287 To glut themselves with the bloud of his people. 1633P. Fletcher Poet. Misc. 82 Where idle boyes may glut their lustfull taste. 1639J. S. Clodamas 31 Not content to glut himselfe in such sins as might have some excuse. 1662Pepys Diary 23 Aug., My Lady Castlemaine stood over against us upon a piece of White Hall, where I glutted myself with looking on her. 1696tr. Duquesne's Voy. E. Ind. 124 Those who admire shell-work, may glut their fancy here. 1743J. Davidson æneid ix. 289 We have glutted ourselves with Vengeance to the full. 1835Lytton Rienzi iv. v, My employers are enough to glut your rage an' you were a tiger. 1853Kingsley Hypatia Pref., The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. 1874Green Short Hist. vi. §5. 317 His ambition was glutted at last with the rank of Cardinal.
b. intr. (and † refl.) To take one's fill of thinking, gazing, etc. on something; to gloat on. Also to long greedily for. rare.
1632E. Reynolds Expl. 110th Psalm 310 By gazing and glutting themselves on the objects of the world. a1639T. Carew Poems (1651) 81 Love doth with an hungry eye Glut on Beauty. Ibid. 87 Let others glut on the extorted praise Of vulgar breath. 1814Spaniards iv. i, Yes, Boabdil, seize on the royal power; Thy hand gluts for it. 1870E. H. Pember Trag. Lesbos x. 139 Dost think she wants To see thy dog's eyes glutting on her? Off!
3. To overload or surfeit with food; hence, to surfeit, cloy, or sicken with excess of anything.
Used occas. for: To exhaust the power of gratifying desire; opposed to sate, which implies the extinction of the desire itself.
c1400Destr. Troy 11777 There is no greuaunce so grete vndur god one, As the glemyng of gold, þat glottes þere hertis. 1530Palsgr. 568/2, I glut with meate, Je engloutte. I glut one with to moche aboundance of any thynge, je assouuys. There is no carnall pleasure but a man may be glutted in it. Ibid., I glut with slepe, je assopis. 1577T. Vautrollier Luther on Ep. Gal. 286 When the Gospell is diligently and daily preached, many being glutted therwith begin to loth it. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. ix. (Arb.) 96 The ouer busie and too speedy returne of one maner of tune, [doth] too much annoy and as it were glut the eare. 1618Latham 2nd Bk. Falconry (1633) 22 Francke food with rest breeds imperfection, and glots the stomacke. 1621T. Williamson tr. Goulart's Wise Vieillard 103 This life hath many commodities: so it is that wee may be full gorged, satiated, and glutted with them. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. i. 241 He leaveth his Prince alwayes with an appetite, and never gluts him with his company. 1718Prior Solomon ii. 95, I found The fickle ear soon glutted with the sound. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 237 Swallowing their blood at large draughts, and seeming rather glutted than satiated with its abundance. 1803J. Porter Thaddeus ix. (1831) 84 Some straggling Cossacks from the town..glutted, but not sated, with blood. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. Ser. ii. xv. (1869) 304 The ear is cloyed and glutted with warbled ecstasies or agonies.
4. To fill (a receptacle, channel, pipe, etc.) to excess; to choke up; to saturate, impregnate thoroughly with some substance. Now rare.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 169 But geve yt not so much that thou hyt glut. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 118 The abundance of the light sand (wherewith the Sea hath of latter yeeres glutted the haven). 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 46 Ground..which..hath been glutted with salt water. 1680Boyle Scept. Chym. ii. 126 Sal Tartari dulcify'd by Distilling from it Spirit of Wine till the Salt be sufficiently glutted with its Sulphur. 1796C. Marshall Garden. iv. (1813) 47 When manure is applied, the ground is not to be glutted with dung. 1840Hood Miss Kilmansegg, Her Fancy Ball vii, With light all the square is glutted. 1878Browning Poets Croisic xi, Crystals grown where ocean gluts Their promontory's breadth with salt.
5. To overstock with mercantile goods. Chiefly to glut the market.
1624Capt. Smith Virginia vi. 236 Some of the rest..so glutted the market, that the price was abated. 1687A. Lovell Thevenot's Trav. iii. 111 The Dutch carry to Japan..Cloves, but in a small quantity..that the Japanese may not be glutted with them. 1757Jos. Harris Coins 63 The European markets are never glutted with either..gold or silver. 1768Gray Let. Poems (1775) 333 Dodsley has contrived to glut the town already with two editions beforehand. 1825McCulloch Pol. Econ. ii. iv. 173 We should ere long glut the market of the world with our commodities.
▪ IX. glut, v.2|glʌt|
[ad. F. glotir, gloutir (obs.) to swallow:—L. gluttīre.]
trans. To swallow greedily, gulp down; also to glut down, glut in (cf. englut, used earlier in this sense). Now rare.
1600J. Lane Tom Tel-troth 128, I pray thee stirre my jawes that I may glut it. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. i. 63 Hee'l be hang'd yet, Though euery drop of water sweare against it, And gape at widst to glut him. 1666G. Harvey Morb. Angl. xii. 138 Those that glut down such immeasurable proportions of flesh. 1773J. Ross Fratricide vi. 320 (MS.) O that thou [Earth] would'st Gape and..glut the Murd'rer's in! 1790A. Wilson 1st Ep. to J. Dobie Poet. Wks. (1846) 18 Tell them a plan o' cent. per cent., They'll glut yer words like hinee. 1861Lytton & Fane Tannhäuser 23 A throbbing light that grows and glows From glare to greater glare, until it gluts And gulfs him in.
▪ X. glut, v.3 Naut.|glʌt|
[cf. glut n.6]
(See quot.)
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., Glut used [? read is used for] to prevent slipping, as sand and nippers glut the messenger; the fall of a tackle across the sheaves, by which it is choked or glutted. |