| 释义 |
glucoside Chem.|ˈgl(j)uːkəsaɪd|
Formerly also glycoside (now distinguished in sense).
[f. glucose + -ide.]
One of a class of vegetable substances which being treated with dilute acids or alkalis, or subjected to the action of ferments, are resolved into a sugar and some other substance. Now usu. restricted to mean: a glycoside which on hydrolysis gives glucose.
The earliest known example is as G. glucosid (W. Mayer 1854, in Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm. XCII. 125), but it is not clear whether he was the first to use the word; the F. word glucosamide was coined in 1852 with the same meaning (A. Laurent in Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. XXXVI. 333). For examples of the form glycoside see glycoside.
1855W. Mayer in Chem. Gaz. 15 Mar. 113 It appeared probable that this resin might consist essentially of a glucoside. 1857W. A. Miller Elem. Chem. III. vii. 511 (heading) Glucosides, or compounds which contain glucose. 1866Odling Anim. Chem. 94 Tannin is a glucoside of gallic acid. 1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 32 All glucosides yield sugar, and many starches also yield sugar. 1889G. M'Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Org. Chem. 512 As glucosides are designated a series of vegetable substances which are so broken up by alkalies, acids, or ferments, that one of the products of this decomposition is a glucose, usually grape sugar. 1895Naturalist 23 Amygdalin, which is the glucoside of the oil of bitter almonds. 1910Encycl. Brit. XII. 142/1 Although glucose is the commonest sugar present in glucosides, many are known which yield rhamnose or iso-dulcite; these may be termed pentosides. 1930[see glycoside 2]. 1932I. D. Garard Introd. Org. Chem. x. 150 The most important glucosides are natural products. The sugar is generally but not always glucose. 1957Encycl. Brit. X. 444/1 The complex sugars (polysaccharides) may..be regarded as glucosides since they consist of ethers formed from two or more simple sugars. 1967I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xviii. 486 The hemiacetol form (lactol) of a sugar [can] react with a molecule of an alcohol to form the acetal derivative, which is known under the generic name of glycoside; those of glucose are known as glucosides; of fructose, fructosides, etc.
Hence glucoˈsidal, -ic adjs., characteristic of a glucoside or glucosides; also, glycosidic; glucosidic bond or glucosidic linkage = glycosidic linkage.
1924Chem. Abstr. 10 Apr. XVIII. 973 Acid hydrolysis removed the glucosidic Me group in addn. to the oleyl group. 1927Jrnl. Biol. Chem. LXXIV. 787 Certain substances of glucosidic nature..exhibit a characteristic cardiac or so called digitalis action. 1929R. A. Gortner Outl. Biochem. xxiii. 513 The linkage between the glucuronic acid and the benzoic acid is not a glucosidal linkage, for the aldehyde group is still free. 1954A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xvii. 393 Amylose is a linear polysaccharide comprising glucose units linked to each other in a repeating fashion by an α-1, 4-glucosidic bond. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 33 The glucosidic chain linkages constituting the cellulose formation. |