| 释义 |
gluco-|ˈgl(j)uːkəʊ|
efore a vowel also gluc-, used as comb. form of Gr. γλυκ-ύς sweet (see glyco- and note s.v. glucic a.), and of glucose in the designation of: (a) substances containing, related to, obtained from, or producing glucose, or affecting its metabolism; (b) processes affecting the metabolism of glucose. Also, in some terms not now widely used, = glyco-.
ˌgluco-aˈscorbic a., in gluco-ascorbic acid, a compound, C7H10O7, related to ascorbic acid; glucoˈcorticoid Biochem., any of the steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex which are esp. concerned in carbohydrate metabolism; glucoˈheptose [a. G. glucoheptose (E. Fischer 1890, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXIII. 934)], any heptose derived from glucose; gluˈcolysis Biochem., the metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid or lactic acid; glycolysis in which glucose is the starting point; ˌgluconeoˈgenesis Biochem., the metabolic formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, esp. from proteins; hence ˌgluconeogeˈnetic, -ˈgenic adjs.; † glucoˈproteid, = glycoprotein; glucoˈprotein [ad. F. glucoprotéine (P. Schutzenburger 1879, in Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. 5th Ser. XVI. 365)], † (a) any of various amino acids or mixtures of amino acids to which were ascribed the empirical formula CnH2nN2O4, where n is between 6 and 12 (obs.); (b) = glycoprotein; ˌglucosaˈccharic a., in glucosaccharic acid, the saccharic acid obtained by the oxidation of glucose; gluˈcosazone [see osazone], the osazone derived from glucose, as well as from fructose and mannose; ˈglucosone [ad. G. glucoson (E. Fischer 1889, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXII. 87): see osone], the osone derived from glucose, as well as from fructose and mannose; glucovaˈnillin [a. G. glucovanillin (Haarmann & Reimer 1883, in Deutsches Reich Pat. 279,992)], a glucoside, C14H18O8, of vanillin which has been isolated from several plants.
1934D. K. Baird et al. in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 62 We have also described improved methods for the preparation of gluco-ascorbic acid (3-keto-d-glucoheptonofurano⁓lactone). 1967Cantaron & Schepartz Biochem. (ed. 4) xxv. 667 Although scurvy-like manifestations are produced in mice and rats..by glucoascorbic acid, this condition is not cured by administration of ascorbic acid.
1950E. H. Venning in E. S. Gordon Symposium Steroid Hormones 98 Certain compounds..will cause an increase in liver glycogen. These substances will be referred to as glucocorticoids, as they appear to be intimately associated with the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xxiii. 565 The most active of the glucocorticoids in humans is cortisol, or hydrocortisone.
1890Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LVIII. i. 599 Glucoheptose..crystallises from water in beautiful tables which melt at about 190° with decomposition. 1963K. Mayer tr. Stanĕk's Monosaccharides ii. 47 Fischer defined the heptose obtained from D-glucose by the cyanohydrin synthesis as D-glucoheptose.
1932Glucolysis [see fructolysis]. 1943Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 74/1 ‘Glucolysis’ has been the name given to the phenomenon of glucose breakdown to lactic acid.
1912Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XII. 511 (heading) The chemistry of gluconeogenesis. 1. The quantitative conversion of propionic acid into glucose. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Studies I. xxxi. 4/2 If the dietary carbohydrate intake is insufficient, gluconeogenesis helps to replenish the stores of liver glycogen.
1961Webster, Gluconeogenetic. 1969Pontremoli & Grazi in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XVII. iv. 184 At one time, the reductive carboxylation of pyruvic acid..had been assigned a key role in the gluconeogenetic process.
1954A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. xvii. 441 Gluconeogenic materials include many of the amino acids.
1894Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVI. i. 310 A knowledge of glucoproteïds (proetïds from which sugar is obtainable by hydrolytic agents) is therefore of practical importance. 1900Ibid. LXXVIII. i. 478 Galactosamine..was obtained as a decomposition product of the glucoproteid of the albuminous gland of the frog.
1879Ibid. XXXVI. 545 For these latter bodies, the name glucoproteins has been adopted, on account of their sweet taste. 1906Ibid. XC. i. 776 His [sc. Lepierre's] so-called ‘α-glucoproteins’ are mixtures of monoamino-acids. 1911J. A. Mandel tr. Hammarsten's Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 6) iii. 163 (heading) Glycoproteins (glucoproteins). 1963E. G. Young in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. VII. i. 10 The class was initially known as the gluco- or glycoproteins.
1941Brit. Chem. Abstr. A. ii. 350 (heading) Grignard synthesis of glucosaccharic acid from l-arabinose. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xvi. 316 Somewhat more vigorous oxidation employing aqueous nitric acid brings about the additional oxidation of the primary alcohol group, resulting in a tetrahydroxy-dicarboxylic acid, or saccharic acid; glucose gives glucosaccharic acid.
1886Jrnl. Chem. Soc. L. 934 Isoglucosamine..is obtained by treating..phenylglucosazone..with..zinc-dust and..acetic acid. It is kept at a temperature of 50°, and vigorously shaken until the glucosazone is entirely dissolved. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xvi. 319 Additional reactions gave rise to glucosazone.
1889Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LVI. 484 The author [sc. E. Fischer] proposes ‘osone’ as a general term for compounds of the type of oxyglucose, and throughout the paper refers to this compound as glucosone. 1956Science 27 July 171/3 Crude extracts of Iridophycus were also capable of forming glucosone and galactosone from the corresponding sugars.
1884Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVI. 1343 When coniferin is oxidised with aqueous chromic acid, it is converted into glucovanillin. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VI. 224/2 Vanillin is the aromatic principle of commercial vanilla extract, and is released from the glucoside (glucovanillin) by enzymatic hydrolysis during curing of vanilla beans. |