| 释义 |
▪ I. ultra-, prefix|ˈʌltrə|
representing L. ultrā beyond, employed as a prefix in the post-classical ultrāmundānus ultramundane, and the later ultrāmarīnus ultramarine, and ultrāmontānus ultramontane. On these models are formed the types illustrated in senses 1 and 2. The further development represented by sense 3 apparently originated in French with the terms ultra-révolutionnaire and ultra-royaliste, and has become very prolific in English use, as well as in the Romanic languages and in German, Swedish, and Danish.
1. Signifying ‘lying spatially beyond or on the other side of’:
a. With ns., as ultraequinoctials (pl.), those who live beyond the equinox.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia i. (1895) 112 For (as there Cronicles testifie) before our arriuall ther they neuer harde any thinge of vs, whome they call the ultraequinoctialles.
b. With adjs., as ultra-Gangetic, ultra-Martian, ultra-median, ultra-stellar, ultra-terrene, ultra-terrestrial, ultra-zodiacal.
Also ultra-galactic, ultra-tropical. (In Dicts.).
1833Edin. Rev. Oct. 197 The..hypothesis of Olbers respecting the formation of the four ultra-zodiacal planets. 1836J. F. Davis Chinese I. iii. 81 The usual cautious and exclusive spirit of the ultra-gangetic nations. 1858Gladstone Homer III. 288 Homer had conceived the existence of what we may call ultra-terrene parts, both westwards and eastwards. 1860Olmstead Mech. Heavens 271 The Asteroids, or Ultra-Zodiacal Planets. 1902Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 115 On the hind wing the ultramedian blue band is replaced by a narrow line. 1905Athenæum 11 Mar. 312/3 [A rotation] longer than that of any of the great ultra-Martian planets. 1906Ultra-stellar [see night-web s.v. night n. 13 a].
c. ultra-red, A former name for infra-red a. and n. (So F. ultra-rouge; cf. ultraviolet a. and n.)
1870Tyndall Heat (ed. 4) xiii. §612. 439 The failure..proved the invisible rays to be exclusively ultra-red. 1875tr. Vogel's Chem. Light vii. 60 We name the invisible tones of colour above violet ultra-violet, and those beyond red ultra-red.
2. a. With adjs., signifying ‘going beyond, surpassing, or transcending the limits of’ (the specified concept), as ultra-human, ultra-natural, ultra-pecuniary, etc.
Also ultra-atomic, ultra-gaseous, ultra-material. (In Dicts.)
1818Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) I. 185 All other super or *ultra-human beings. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 99 The intellectual refinements of an ultra-human spiritualism. 1883Jefferies Story of my Heart 63 All things being ultra-human and without design.
1850Grote Greece ii. lxvii. (1862) VI. 29 The *ulta-natural sublimity of the legendary characters disappears.
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 138 Suppose the punishment *ultra-pecuniary: suppose man's life at stake.
1850Grote Greece ii. lxvii. (1862) VI. 70 The word Existence, as they understood it, did not mean phænomenal, but *ultra-phænomenal existence. 1865― Plato I. ii. 97 The real, absolute, ontological, ultra-phenomenal, or Noumenal world.
1883J. Parker Tyne Chylde 152 Is it possible..to return to the meridian of absolute neutrality as regards *ultraphysical questions?
1894B. Kidd Soc. Evolution vii. 184 That *ultra-rational system of ethics upon which our civilisation is founded.
1895Educational Rev. Sept. 117 Science itself not unfrequently derives motive power from an *ultra-scientific source.
1851Mansel Proleg. Log. (1860) 18 It would not be difficult to shew that the *ultra-sensational philosophy is that which could most easily dispense with the necessity of introducing language at all.
1882Tyndall in Longm. Mag. I. 35 There is..boldness..in the attempt to make these *ultra-sensible actions generally intelligible.
1833Carlyle Extr. Jrnl. 28 Oct., in Froude First Forty Y. (1882) II. xvi. 372 The *ultra-sensual surrounds the sensual and gives it meaning.
b. In the sense of ‘exceeding in respect of quantity or number’, as ultra-centenarianism (of human life), ultra-dimidiate, ultra-total.
1847Hamilton Let. to De Morgan 43 If the one extreme coincide with the middle, to the extent of a half (dimidiate quantification); and the other, to the extent of aught more than a half, (ultradimidiate quantification). Ibid. 41 In regard to the ultratotal quantification of the middle term. 1864Bowen Logic viii. 251 This notation can represent equally total and ultratotal distribution. 1879W. J. Thoms Longevity p. xxvi, A very large number of cases of alleged ultra-Centenarianism.
c. With ns. in this sense, as ultra-filtration, -microscope, etc.
3. a. Signifying an excessive or extreme degree of the quality or condition expressed by the adjective forming the second element of the compound, as ultra-affected, ultra-Anglican, ultra-Arctic, ultra-believing, ultra-beloved, ultra-bourgeois, ultra-Catholic, ultra-cautious, ultra-civilized, ultra-clean, ultra-clear, ultra-clerical, ultra-critical, ultra-fashionable, ultra-fast, ultra-feminine, ultra-generous, ultra-German, ultra-intellectual, ultra-left, ultra-leftist, ultra-militant, ultra-miniature, ultra-miniaturized, ultra-nationalist, ultra-nationalistic, ultra-patriotic, ultra-professional, ultra-pure, ultra-rapid, ultra-rationalist, ultra-respectable, ultra-revolutionary, ultra-rightist, ultra-romantic, ultra-sentimental, ultra-smart, ultra-tropical, ultra-violent, etc.
First in ultra-fashionable, -revolutionary, but in very common, and steadily-increasing, use from about 1830. Only a few of the earlier or more important examples are given here. The distinction from sense 2 is not always quite clear.
1819Metropolis I. 234 The *ultra-affected D-s-y gave us a drop in for a few minutes.
1834Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1853) 533 [Bishop Marsh] peculiarly affects an *ultra-Anglican orthodoxy. 1866Ch. Times 27 Jan., The narrow and intolerant spirit of the ultra-Anglican School.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 205 The ability of Europeans or Americans to inure themselves to an *ultra-Arctic climate.
1829Southey Sir T. More I. 259 The unbelieving clergy are better than the *ultra-believing in this respect.
1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 183 Everybody so dear, and yourself so *ultra-beloved.
1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. vii. (1852) 190 The patrons of this theory are *ultra-benevolent towards the transgressors of law.
1934G. B. Shaw On Rocks Pref. 161 Even Lenin and his colleagues, all *ultra-bourgeois (otherwise they would never have so absurdly overestimated the intellectual resources of the proletariat [etc.]).
1830J. S. Mill Let. 20 Aug. in Victorian Stud. (1957) I. 143 Three were printers of an *ultra-Catholic and royalist journal. 1930G. B. Shaw John Bull's Other Island Pref., in Works XI. 71 The ubiquitous sodalities of that new ultra-Catholic Church called Socialism.
1946Mind LV. 141 To suppose that no improvement can be effected by so doing is an *ultracautious and conservative position.
1842E. A. Poe in Graham's Mag. Feb. 125/2 Hugh has grown to a stalwart man—the type of man the animal, as his father is of man the *ultra-civilized. 1931E. Blunden Votive Tablets 170 Byron..with his ultra-civilised fraternisation with the gentlemen.
1970*Ultraclean [see sonication s.v. sonicate n. and v.].
1907W. James in Jrnl. Philos., Psychol. & Sci. Methods IV. 295 Your letter is so *ultraclear.
1938New Statesman 23 July 162/1 Maria-Cristina's *ultra⁓clerical court.
1816–30Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Extr. Const. Code (1830) 11 Repugnant to these same principles is all *ultra-concomitant remuneration.
1868Boyd Lessons Mid. Age 106 Excellent men, *ultra-conservative in all things.
1870Disraeli Lothair I. viii. 69 Theodora is..*ultra-cosmopolitan and has invented a new religion.
1907W. James Pragmatism v. 192 Common science or corpuscular philosophy, *ultra-critical science..or idealistic philosophy, all seem insufficiently true.
1838Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 33 I am fast becoming *ultra-democratic. 1861G. M. Musgrave By-Roads 323 Owing to ultra-democratic feeling and low radicalism.
1841F. E. Paget Tales Village Ser. ii. x. 197 There is more than one society, which..has already assumed (if I may coin such a word) *ultra-episcopal functions.
1831Eclectic Rev. Apr. 307 A fearless and uncompromising asserter of..*ultra-evangelical doctrines.
1802in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. VI. 91 No female, in the dress of the *ultra-fashionable, can be seen in the streets with the smallest regard to decency. 1841Thackeray Ess., Lett., Sk., etc., Men & Coats Wks. 1900 XIII. 369 A person who sports an ultra-fashionable costume.
1939Sun (Baltimore) 28 Jan. 2/6 *Ultrafast American two-engined light bombers, capable of being used for combat after they have dropped their bomb loads. 1977J. Hedgecoe Photographer's Handbk. 41 Ultra-fast films are most useful for working in dim existing-light conditions.
1964*Ultra-feminine [see slimline, slim-line a. a]. 1976Time 27 Sept. 94/2 Melba Till Allen owes much of her success at the polls to her charming, ultrafeminine manner.
1859All Year Round No. 33. 150 Its combination of the *ultra-feudal with the ultra-modern.
1842De Quincey Mod. Greece Wks. 1890 VII. 351 The Italian, in many features of Gallic insensibility, will be found *ultra-Gallican.
1903W. James Let. 8 Apr. in R. B. Perry Thought & Char. W. James (1935) II. 375 Your review..was as usual *ultra-generous, and I thank you for it.
1837E. A. Poe in Amer. Monthly Mag. June 566 Young men..alive with an exaggerated sense of honour. They abound in the most *ultra German opinions respecting the duello. 1843Mill Logic i. iii. §7 The ultra-German and ontological character of his philosophy. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 107 What may be called the ultra German style.
1866Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve xxii. (1874) 259 He was given to be *ultra honourable, and to maintain silence in such a case.
1927T. S. Eliot in Seneca's Tenne Tragedies p. xliii, It is assumed..that Shakespeare had acquired some extra- or *ultra-intellectual knowledge superior to a philosophy.
1954Koestler Invisible Writing xv. 186 He had discovered both its weaknesses as a play, and its *ultra-Left tendency. 1977P. Johnson Enemies of Society xviii. 240 Ulrika Meinhof..became the ideological leader of the German Baader-Meinhof gang of ultra-Left terrorists.
1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 398 Gorky's became an ‘opposition school’ for ‘*ultra⁓leftist’ Bolsheviks.
1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xvii, The most frank-hearted and *ultra-liberal lass that had ever lived. 1856Geo. Eliot Ess. (1884) 117 Börne..was a remarkable political writer of the ultra-Liberal party in Germany.
1881Times 3 Jan. 9/4 One of the most notorious consequences of this *ultra-logical mode of conducting affairs is the instability of French Ministries.
1861May Const. Hist. (1863) I. iii. 144 A joint address was agreed upon by both Houses,—*ultra-loyal, according to the fashion of the time.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxvi, Who does not know how *ultra-maternal grandmothers are?
1970Times 11 Mar. 6 A new, *ultra⁓militant shopkeepers' organization, known as the ‘Tour du Pin Movement’.
1968Sci. News 7 Dec. 573 An *ultra⁓miniature vacuum pump..will be worn directly under the astronaut's chin.
1968World Book Sci. Ann. 1968 215 Using a multitude of ICs, *ultraminiaturized, working in parallel, together with functional circuits, he may build electronic devices tomorrow that seem like impossible dreams even today.
1840Earl of Aberdeen in Charteris Life Jas. Robertson v. (1863) 112 It will only be approved of by the old *ultra-moderate party.
1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 296/2 The followers of the *ultra-modern school.
1830Fraser's Mag. II. 598 His *ultramulish obstinacy in persisting.
a1832Bentham Deontol. xii. (1834) I. 171 They spread into divers circles, domestic,..national, *ultra-national, universal. 1877Geikie Christ lvi. (1879) 676 He would embitter Himself with the ultra-national party.
1927H. Dobbs in Lett. Gertrude Bell II. 555 It had indeed alarmed the *ultra-nationalist party to find a section of the British press averse from the extension of the alliance. 1977Time 27 June 22/3 Some are concerned about Israeli intransigence and afraid that the new ultranationalist Premier-designate, Menachem Begin..may make a settlement all the harder to achieve.
1974Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 1 Oct. 5/1 The Chinese call the Amur the Black Dragon River, and the Japanese named one of their most *ultranationalistic societies after it in the days when they were itching to go to war with Russia.
1876C. M. Davies Unorth. Lond. 60 He will see nothing but an *ultra-ornate service of the most decorous kind.
1830Pusey Hist. Enq. ii. 327 It is not clear from this extract whether he is immediately speaking of *ultra-orthodox or fanatic opponents.
1801W. Dupré Lexicographia-Neologica Gallica 283 Some *ultra-patriotic writers and journalists have likened Bonaparte to the conquerors who plundered Greece. 1926J. S. Huxley Ess. Pop. Sci. 159 Proud and ultra-patriotic Gods.
1844Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. Oct. 376/1 The *ultra-Pecksniffian taste displayed in the portico.
1842Borrow Bible in Spain xxxviii, Several of the *ultra-popish bishops, then resident in Madrid, had denounced the Bible.
1928E. O'Neill Strange Interlude iv. 147 In his *ultra-professional manner—like an automation of a doctor.
1841A. P. de Lisle in E. Purcell Life (1900) I. vi. 108 The *Ultra Protestant Parsons are quite beside themselves, they rave like maniacs. 1846Hook Ch. Dict. (ed. 5) 853 Some ultra-protestant sects..have irreverently used sitting as the posture of receiving the Lord's Supper.
1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. (1876) 343 Lady Mary herself had an *ultra-prudent sympathy with her husband.
1961*Ultra-pure [see conductivity 2]. 1973Nature 13 Apr. 482/3 The preparation, handling containment and analysis of ultrapure materials.
1820Shelley Œd. Tyr. i. 200 Prating there of commerce, public faith, Economy,..And other topics, *ultra-radical. 1845Ld. Campbell Chancellors xxxviii. (1857) II. 151 There were a few ultra-radical members still not satisfied.
1921Sci. Amer. 9 Apr. 288 Diagram of the multiple prism ring used for the *ultra-rapid camera. 1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 445/1 The Boeing has three baggage/cargo compartments. Two, fully containerised for ultra⁓rapid ground handling.
1907W. James Pragmatism iii. 123 A mere mess of anarchy and confusion..will pragmatism often seem to *ultra-rationalist minds in philosophy.
1925T. Dreiser Amer. Trag. (1926) ii. i. 152 Older and more conservative families who constituted the *ultra-respectable element of the city. 1958People 4 May 2/3 The workers have captured even the ultra-respectable Royal Academy this year.
1826Southey Vind. Eccl. Angl. 198 Music and poetry were as much in request..in those days as they are now among the most *ultra-refined circles. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 369 An ultra-refined aristocrat.
1831Carlyle in Froude First Forty Years (1882) II. viii. 177 They were all prophetical, Toryish, *ultra-religious. 1850Grote Greece ii. lix. (1862) V. 248 His decorous private life and ultra-religious habits.
1793Helen M. Williams Lett. France (1795) II. 13 He had sufficient address to lead them to make some extravagant proposition, which he denominated *ultra-revolutionary, and for which he sent them to the scaffold. 1845Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 370/2 Robespierre..accordingly..took an early occasion to associate the ultra-revolutionary party with the foreign enemies of the republic. 1974tr. Wertheim's Evolution & Revolution i. 47 The ultra⁓revolutionary Red Guards in turbulent China,..the dissatisfied students in France or the rebellious young Negroes in the United States—all of them are..rebelling against the status quo.
1974Ann. Reg. 1973 313 Whereas previously most criticism had accused him of being ultra-leftist, the media now argued that most of his faults were in fact *ultra-rightist.
1846E. A. Poe in Godey's Mag. & Lady's Bk. Mar. 135/1 As a drama, we find ‘Elfrida’ faulty in the extreme. Its situations are *ultra-romantic, or improbable. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 14 May 385/1 Young Browning in his period of ultra-romantic chaos.
1819Helen M. Williams Lett. France 61 A party, too well known by the denomination of *ultra-royalist. 1821Edin. Rev. XXXVI. 139 This ultra-royalist spirit, diffused by the priests and emigrants. 1836H. Coleridge North. Worthies (1852) I. 38 Their intolerant and ultra-royalist principles.
1926E. O'Neill Great God Brown Prologue 11 The sound of the school quartet rendering ‘Sweet Adeline’ with many *ultra-sentimental barber-shop quavers.
1823Bentham Mem. & Corr. Wks. 1843 X. 536 Then came the servile poet and novelist, Sir Walter Scott: and then the *ultra-servile sack guzzler, Southey.
1904N.Y. World Mag. 1 May 6/1 She is likewise one of the prettiest girls in society, and *ultra-smart. 1939O. Lancaster Homes Sweet Homes 74 Ultra-smart householders who reacted instantaneously to every change of fashion.
1832Coleridge Table-t. 16 Aug., The discipline at Christ's Hospital in my time was *ultra-Spartan.
1853C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe vii, Really it is so *ultra-splendid as to deserve notice!
1885Spectator 18 July 945/2 He does not emulate the *ultra-strict veracity of the Quaker.
1829Moore Mem. (1854) VI. 41 Murray full of *ultra-Tory predictions about Peel; that he is a ruined man [etc.]. 1843Syd. Smith Wks. (1850) 683 Let me beg of my dear Ultras not to imagine..that they could form an Ultra-tory Administration.
1848E. A. Poe Eureka 83 On the Melville islands..we find traces of *ultra-tropical vegetation. 1851G. F. Richardson Geol. (1855) 438 Groves and forests of the luxuriant vegetation of an *ultra-tropical climate were swept away by floods and inundations.
1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 3 Mar. 5/3 Another standard argument for the *ultraviolent film is that in real life, violence is not the gunshot flash and quick dissolve, [etc.].
b. In some special terms, as ultra-brachy-cephalic, ultra-dolichocephalic, ultra-elliptic.
1886J. G. Garson in Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. XVI. 14 The..third group on either side is called ultradolichocephalic and *ultrabrachycephalic respectively. 1900Deniker Races of Man ii. 58 note, Cephalic index of the skull:..from 90 and upwards, ultra-brachycephalic.
1877Cayley Math. Papers X. 162 Göpel and Rosenhain each connect the theory with that of the *ultra-elliptic functions involving the radical √x [etc.].
c. Similarly with advs.
1871Miss Mulock Fair France i. 9 And what possible harm can it do a man to greet his neighbour civilly, even ultra-politely, rather than grumpily? 1883Meredith Poems & Lyrics 139 All in honour still; Oh, all in honour, ultra-honourably!
4. With ns. in the same sense:
a. Denoting persons as ultra-Catholic, ultra-feminist, ultra-leftist, ultra-modernist, ultra-nationalist ultra-patriot, ultra-rationalist, ultra-rightist, ultra-royalist, etc.; also with adj. used as collective n., as ultra-feminine, ultra-left, ultra-right.
Many of these are adjs. used substantively.
1817M. Edgeworth On Bores Wks. 1833 XVIII. 318 Well-bred persons, abhorring the pedantry of the blues, are usually anti-blues, or *ultra-antis.
1850Marsden Early Purit. (1853) 338 Whitgift..was, in modern language, an *Ultra-Calvinist.
1837J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. XXVIII. 71 The *ultra-Catholics with their bigotry and pretensions to priestly domination. 1907Cambr. Mod. Hist. X. xvi. 530 Belgium..was divided.., as it is still, into two irreconcilable parties, the ultra-Catholics or Clericals, and the Liberals.
1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 12 The struggles between *ultra-centralizers and ultra-federalists.
1836Gen. P. Thompson Let. in Exerc. (1842) IV. 124 Among the names..are many, like Hermes, Nereus,..which modern *ultra-christians would have thought formidably heathenish.
1821H. More in Roberts Mem. (1835) IV. 179 The *ultra-educationist would despise these limits.
1834M. Edgeworth Helen xxxv. III. 66 One born and bred such an *ultra exclusive as Louisa Castlefort.
1829T. Hook Bank to Barnes 146 The forthcoming novel has long kept the *ultra fashionables on the tiptoe of expectation. 1868*Ultra-federalist [see ultra-centralizer].
1926W. de la Mare Connoisseur, & Other Stories 184 Mr. Thripp indeed was no lover of the *ultra-feminine.
1979Maledicta III. 17 Even though many *ultra-feminists have attacked you.., you still insist that women are superior to men.
1866G. Talbot in E. Purcell Life A. P. de Lisle (1900) I. xv. 408 The [architectural] designs excited the admiration even of the *Ultra-Goths present.
1818Byron Juan Ded. xvii, Is it not so, my Tory, *ultra-Julian?
1971New Scientist 30 Sept. 740/2 The *ultra⁓left found its voice by protesting against the new Tokyo international airport.
1971Time 11 Oct. 13 As an *ultra⁓leftist, of course, Wu would hardly expect a warm welcome from as revisionist a country as the Soviet Union.
1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1863) 208 He is an *ultra-liberal, quotes Cobbett, and goes rather too far. 1860W. G. Clark in Vac. Tour (1864) 6 The ultra-liberals are blind to facts and consequences.
1857Pusey Real Presence i. (1869) 112 The error of the Sacramentaries was opposed by the error of the *Ultra-Lutherans.
1816Southey Ess. (1832) I. 281 The amateurs outrés of horse-racing, or *ultra-men of the turf.
1926H. W. Fowler Mod. Eng. Usage 709/1 Let us not be *ultra-modernists & assume that whence & whither..are dead & buried.
1936G. B. Shaw Millionairess Pref. 121 Only the stupidest or craziest *ultra-Nationalists believe that people corralled within the same political frontier are all exactly alike.
1852S. R. Maitland Eight Ess. 158 ‘Just so,’ replies the *ultra-papist; ‘I believe you’.
1938*Ultra-patriot [see samurai-minded adj. s.v. samurai 2]. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 21 May 602/4 De Mille and the ultra-patriots who had been smearing the guild's president..for opposing the introduction of a compulsory loyalty oath.
1827G. Higgins Celtic Druids 136 The *ultra pietists make a terrible outcry.
1818Bentham Ch. Eng., Catech. Exam. 334 If the number of livings be greater than two,..he may be termed an *Ultra-Pluralist.
1818Q. Rev. XVIII. 504 In the opinion of the *ultra-presbyterians.
1835Hook Ch. Dict. (1842) 501 The use of the ring in marriage used to be regarded as a remnant of Popery by *ultra-protestants. 1841A. P. de Lisle in E. Purcell Life (1900) I. xi. 208 That still more monstrous idea held by ultra-Protestants that the Catholick Church consists of all sects of nominal Christians.
1850Marsden Early Purit. (1853) 49 The *ultra-puritans regarded them as semi-papists.
1834Greville Mem. (1874) III. 54 Lord Wharncliffe..says that the constituency of the great towns is composed of *ultra-Radicals. 1871M. Collins Marq. & Merch. II. iii. 58 You're an ultra-Radical.
1909W. James Pluralistic Universe 352 Mr. Bradley, for instance, is an *ultra-rationalist.
1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. 114 At home, the virulence of the *ultra-reactionaries..recommenced.
1867Latham Black & White Pref. p. vi, They are the successful men, who have made money, and are not disposed to be *ultra-Republicans in future.
1845Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 370/2 The progress of Hebert and the *ultra-revolutionists was still more distasteful to him [Danton] than to Robespierre.
1977Time 21 Nov. 39/3 She's willingly making herself a stalking horse for the *ultra-right.
1976New Yorker 8 Mar. 28/1 In 1973, he [sc. Lin Piao] became an ‘*ultra-rightist’.
1848Blackie in Class. Mus. V. 72 Dante..said many things in his divine poem..offensive to the *ultra-Romanists.
1817Ann. Reg. 1816 109/2 The latter were accordingly eminently monarchical in their principles, and were invidiously branded with the title of *ultra-royalists. 1818Lady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 276, I dread the machinations of the ultra royalists and the Bourbon princes. 1845Ld. Campbell Chancellors xcv. (1857) IV. 302 It was thought fit to balance them by some determined ultra-royalists.
1816Southey Ess. (1832) I. 356 Such was the system of government established in France by the Perfect Emperor of the *Ultra-Whigs and Extra-Reformers.
b. Denoting actions, qualities as ultra-leftism, ultra-liberalism, ultra-marathon, ultra-nationalism, ultra-Protestantism, ultra-radicalism, ultra-rationalism, ultra-speed, ultra-supernaturalism, ultra-violence, etc.
1858H. Martineau Hist. Peru 169 The government was declared to have gone over to *ultra-abolitionism.
1845Ford Handbk. Spain ii. 656 Napier, in his *ultra advocacy of Soult, says [etc.].
1831Edin. Rev. LIV. 387 He parades an *ultra-Byronism.
1841Miall in Nonconf. I. 73 In connection with Laudism and *ultra-churchism.
1850L. Hunt Autobiog. I. ii. 70, I found myself..cultivating a perplexed *ultra-conscientiousness with my mother.
1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 16 His *ultra-dandyism of speech, dress, and manner, made his presence a sort of sine qua non in every merry meeting.
1863A. Blomfield Mem. Bp. Blomfield I. iv. 106 Reports of his *ultra-discipline..may have reached you.
1949Horizon May 315 ‘Trotskyism’ (i.e., *ultra-leftism).
1835J. E. Alexander Sk. Portugal viii. 192 The priest..seized a musket by the barrel and hit him a crack with the butt over the head to show his *ultra-liberalism, (priests being generally suspected of being anti-constitutional). 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 279 It is sickening to hear the unctuous talk with which now-a-days ultra-liberalism will sometimes stretch out a hand to spiritual tyranny.
1857Pusey Real Presence i. (1869) 122 Amid the conflict of parties, the ‘Formula Concordiæ’ moderated the extremes of *Ultra-Lutheranism.
1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. II. v. 70 The account is singular and interesting, as a specimen of the highest *ultra-manners of those times.
1977J. F. Fixx Compl. Bk. Running xxiv. 268 Corbitt knows as much about long races—*ultramarathons, runners call them—as anyone alive.
1949Horizon June 398 Men who have grown old in the ways of self-interest and *ultranationalism.
1877C. Geikie Christ lvi. (1879) 676 With craft, the *ultra-orthodoxy of the Pharisaic party allied itself with the loyalist faction.
1818Bentham Ch. Eng. 336 In these cases of *Ultra-Pluralism, whereabouts are the eyes of the Archbishop?
1839J. S. Mill Let. 27 Dec. in Wks. (1963) XIII. 415 The principal peculiarity of this school is hostility to what they call *ultra-Protestantism. 1842Pusey Crisis Eng. Ch. 30 Cases in which persons who were going over from Ultra-Protestantism, have been thankful to be stayed, and found their rest in the true doctrines of our Church. 1858Sears Athan. iii. ii. 267 It is only our ultra Protestantism that involves us in these difficulties and absurdities.
1825Hazlitt Spirit of Age 147 They are a relief to the mind..heated with *ultra-radicalism. 1949I. Deutscher Stalin 405 The Comintern was now indeed engaged in a mock fight. Its ultra-radicalism was so unreal.
1899W. S. Churchill Let. 19 Jan. in R. S. Churchill Winston S. Churchill (1969) II. Compan. i. p. xxvii, Who should draw the line where the maximum of human pain and doubt may be allayed and the minimum of *ultra-rationalism be incurred? 1946Mind LV. 109 This ultra-rationalism, as I may call it, put forward by Leibniz.
1847W. C. L. Martin Ox 63/1 There is, perhaps, something of *ultra-refinement in this view of the matter.
1816–30Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Extr. Const. Code (1830) 12 Completely needless, and thence unjustifiable, is all such *ultra-remuneration.
1865Ch. Times 28 Oct. 341 The Puritan outcry about the ‘*ultra-ritualism’ at St. Michael's Church.
1815Ann. Reg. Gen. Hist. 94 A preponderance of what is called *ultra-royalism, which opposes the moderation of the court.
1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges ix. 103 Some operators..then undertake most of the rest of the preparation at *ultra-speed.
1871Lowell Pope Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 18 The *ultra-spiritualism of the Puritans.
1950R. A. Knox Enthusiasm i. 2 If I could have been certain of the reader's goodwill, I would have called my tendency ‘*ultrasupernaturalism’. For that is the real character of the enthusiast; he expects more evident results from the grace of God than we others.
1829Moore Mem. (1854) VI. 44 Some of the Handelian part of the selections might be called the *ultra-Toryism of music.
1972Times 6 May 9/2 It will serve as a textbook study of how to photograph acts of *ultraviolence without giving offence. 1977Time 24 Jan. 14/2 It was like an orgy of ‘ultra⁓violence’ from Stanley Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange... About 200 masked youths rioted last week in the industrial town of Mestre near Venice.
[4.] [b.] For ‘-marathon’, read: ‘ ultra-marathon (hence ultra-marathoner)’.
1978Washington Post 6 Jan. 28/1 Washington is the home of true running freaks like *ultra-marathoner Edward Ayres, editor and publisher of ‘Running Times’ magazine. 1987Running May 13/1 Ultramarathoner Donald Ritchie..already holds five world best times for distances between 40 and 100 miles.
ultra-running (also ultra-run, ultra-runner).
1986Los Angeles Times 13 Jan. iii. 16/1 About the only people to witness his accomplishments were those involved with the West Coast University *ultra run on Dec. 26 in the Cerritos College Stadium. 1978Washington Post 3 Sept. d13, I know only a few *ultra runners. 1990Sunday Times 30 Dec. 15/6 Ultrarunners used to be a rare breed in America, regarded as cranks or masochists. 1978J. Shapiro On Road vi. 126 *Ultrarunning is an odd sport in a way because it is as wild..as the uninitiated might imagine. 1990Times 21 June 40/1 An elite band of 200 athletes who will take part in the Sun Life Great Race, a hybrid of ultra running and city centre racing.
c. attrib. or as quasi-adj. ultra-distance. Cf. long-distance n. 1.
1977Runner's World Nov. 52/1 Run a sub-three-hour marathon every six to eight weeks as a means of maintaining..the psychological perspective endemic to *ultra-distance runners. 1980Washington Star 7 Aug. d6 Ultradistance running is much different than competing in marathons. When I started running in 1970, the 880 was called a run. Now it's become a sprint. The same is true of the marathon.
▸ ultra wideband n. (also ultra wide band) Electronics and Telecomm. a very broad bandwidth; (in later use) spec. a radio communications technology which uses the transmission of very narrow and low-energy pulses over a broad bandwidth to achieve high communication speeds; freq. attrib.
1943Indian Jrnl. Physics 17 (title) 167 On the theory of performance of wide and *ultra-wide band lattice type crystal band-pass filters containing stabilised negative impedance elements. 1989Aviation Week & Space Technol. 4 Dec. 38 Rapid advances in ultra-wideband radar technology, while increasing the potential for detecting and imaging extremely small cross-section targets, have created a bitter controversy between the stealth community and proponents of new radar concepts. 2002Wall St. Jrnl. 18 Nov. b4/6 An entirely new communications technology, dubbed Ultra Wideband, that could be used for short-range communications by many consumer products, in addition to computing devices. 2005Glasgow Herald (Nexis) 26 Aug. 32 [It] specialises in ultra-wideband systems that transfer large amounts of data over short distances wirelessly and without interference from other signals.
▪ II. † ultra-, ultrequidance
variants of outrecuidance Obs.
1541St. Papers Hen. VIII, VIII. 545 He made..protestation, that the same..passed him..only uppon wilfulness and ultraquidance, which he confessed had been in him. |