| 释义 |
typhoid, a. (n.) Path.|ˈtaɪfɔɪd|
[f. typhus + -oid; cf. Gr. τῡϕώδης, F. typhoïde, Pg. typhoideo, Sp., It. tifoideo.]
A. adj.
1. Resembling or characteristic of typhus; applied to a class of febrile diseases exhibiting symptoms similar to those of typhus, or to such symptoms themselves, esp. to a state of delirious stupor occurring in certain fevers.
1800Med. Jrnl. III. 95 In its first stage, this fever did not appear to be contagious; but it was evidently so after the eleventh or fourteenth day, when the typhoid state was induced. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 175 In low typhous fever, and in typhoid inflammatory affections. 1846G. E. Day tr. Simon's Anim. Chem. II. 245 The state of the urine in typhoid fevers. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 38 Acute general tuberculosis or acute typhoid tuberculosis as it is sometimes called. 1905H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 316 A ‘typhoid’ or comatose condition ushers in death.
2. a. typhoid fever: a specific eruptive fever (formerly supposed to be a variety of typhus), characterized by intestinal inflammation and ulceration: more distinctively, and now more usually, called enteric fever.
1845Budd Dis. Liver 70, I have never seen abscess of the liver noticed in conjunction with ulcerated intestine in typhoid fever. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 119 Typhoid fever originates from a specific poison, which is quite distinct from that causing typhus. 1890Lancet 22 Nov. 1133/1 As to typhoid fever, the principal factor in its propagation was..drinking-water.
b. Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, or affected with typhoid fever.
1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. v. 178 So surely does the typhoid virus increase and multiply into typhoid fever. 1890Billings Med. Dict., Typhoid..tongue, the black, dry tongue seen in enteric and typhus fevers. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 483 The typhoid patient has some tympanites as a rule. Ibid. 600 A typhoid rash came out. 1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Sept. 596 Infection with the typhoid bacillus.
3. Typhoid Mary, nickname of Mary Mallon (d. 1938), Irish-born cook who transmitted typhoid fever in the U.S.A. Also fig., a transmitter of undesirable opinions, sentiments, etc.
1909N.Y. Times 17 July 3/5 Mary Mallon, known to fame as ‘Typhoid Mary’,..must remain at Riverside Hospital. 1961S. P. Hayes in Webster s.v., Authoritarianism..is carried by Typhoid Marys, unwitting sources of infection. 1971‘L. Egan’ Malicious Mischief (1972) vii. 118, I went to the library..and asked. And of course they looked at me as if I was—was Typhoid Mary. 1976Ann. Rev. Microbiol. XXX. 438 During the next 15 years Typhoid Mary infected well over 200 persons. 1979R. Jaffe Class Reunion ii. vi. 180 Alexander's own misery was the most important thing in Alexander's life, and whatever he gave of it to others was unimportant to him; he was simply unaware. Alexander was the Typhoid Mary of angst.
B. n.
a. Short for typhoid fever: see 2 above.
pig typhoid, a name for swine fever.
1861Tanner Pract. Med. ii. i. (ed. 4) 153 The fatal cases in typhus and typhoid are one in between five and six. 1887Times 1 Feb. 9/6 Swine fever..being known in different parts of Great Britain by the names of pig typhoid, pig distemper. 1893Syd. Soc. Lex., Pig typhoid, swine plague. 1898Daily News 13 Dec. 3/4 Jenner's great contribution to medical knowledge was the differentiation of typhus and typhoid. 1902R. Bagot Donna Diana xxi, In typhoid there are often relapses.
b. A case of typhoid; a patient suffering from typhoid. colloq.
1890Pall Mall G. 8 Sept. 2/3, I have heard of nurses who started out of their sleep and got out of bed under the impression they had still, as they put it, their ‘two-hour typhoids to feed’. 1900Westm. Gaz. 27 June 1/2 There were 316 patients, of whom half were typhoids.
c. Comb. as typhoid-bacillus, typhoid-carrier, typhoid-infection; typhoid-contaminated, typhoid-like, typhoid-poisoned adjs.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 154 Pansini..obtained typhoid-like bacilli in three dysenteric abscesses. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. vi. (ed. 4) 246 The typhoid-bacillus..infests the discharges of this disease. 1902Daily Chron. 18 Dec. 5/1 Typhoid-contaminated sewage. 1903Daily Mail 10 Sept. 3/4 Typhoid-poisoned oysters. 1908Daily Chron. 8 Sept. 4/4 Typhoid-infection on a large scale. Ibid., ‘Typhoid carriers’, persons..long cured..of the active disease, yet act as culture-merchants of its germs. |