| 释义 |
▪ I. girder, n.1|ˈgɜːdə(r)|
Also 7 gerder.
[f. gird v.1 (sense 5) + -er1.]
1. a. A main beam in a framed floor, supporting the system of joisting that carries the flooring.
Sometimes (erroneously) used instead of breastsummer.
1611Cotgr., Solive, the peece of timber called a Girder, or Joist (betweene two Summers). 1631Gouge God's Arrows iv. §15. 399 Two girders were by tenents and mortaises let into the midst of it [the maine Summier]. 1679Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 137 The Girders are also to be of the same Scantlins the Summer and Ground-Plates are of. 1770Thorpe in Phil. Trans. LXI. 157 When I repaired the old house at Nettlested,..in sawing off the end of the main girder, it was decayed at heart. 1820T. Tredgold Carpentry (1853) 80 Framed floors differ from double floors only in having the binding joists framed into large pieces of timber, called girders. Ibid. 83 Framed floors consist of girders, binding joists, bridging joists, and ceiling joists.
b. An iron or steel longitudinal beam employed for a similar purpose; esp., a latticed, plate, or other compound structure used to form the span of a bridge.
The main transverse beams of a girder bridge, corresponding to the ‘binding-joists’ of a framed floor, are termed ‘cross-girders’.
1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 344 IG and HK are vertical rods of wrought-iron which connect a great girder of the road-way with the tube AB. 1869Latest News 5 Sept. 16 So fierce was the fire, that the glass in the roof melted; but the iron girders remained in their places. 1889G. Findlay Eng. Railway 63 Forty-two girders, each thirty-two feet in length, were required, and the plates and angles for each girder were rolled in one length.
†2. In masonry (see quots.). Obs.
a. A bondstone.
b. A bonding-course.
a.1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 47/2 Among the Girders we reckon those courses of large stones which tie the outward Shell to the inward.
b.1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 48/1 But..there are other Girders besides..which run the whole length of the Wall to embrace the Corners. These other Girders..we call Cornices.
3. attrib., as girder-bridge, a bridge whose superstructure consists of longitudinal girders carrying the platform or roadway; girder-rail, a form of tramway rail, introduced about 1860, and so called from the resemblance of its section to that of the ordinary iron girder used in construction.
1854Weale Engineer's Pocket-bk. 389 The excess of strength that should be given to Girder Bridges. 1856H. Haupt Bridge Construct. 265 The manner of constructing trussed girder bridges. 1861Times 7 Oct, These persons were engaged..in the erection of a girder bridge across the River Ouse. 1894Daily News 25 Oct. 6/3 Metal ways with girder rails and simple connections are the form most favoured.
Hence ˈgirderage, girders collectively.
1880Standard 5 Jan. 5 The whole top mass of girderage, without giving way in detail, may have been blown off the piers.
▪ II. † ˈgirder, n.2 Obs. rare.
[f. gird v.2 + -er1.]
One who sneers or cavils.
1584Lyly Campaspe iii. ii, What is a quip? Manes. We great girders cal it a short saying of a sharp witte, with a bitter sense in a sweete word. 1609Dekker Guls Horne-bk. 138 By sitting on the stage, you..may lawfully presume to be a girder, and stand at the helm to steer the passage of scenes. 1611Cotgr., Lardonneur, a girder, flowter.
▪ III. girder, v.|ˈgɜːdə(r)|
[f. girder1.]
trans. To support or strengthen with or as with a girder; freq. fig. So ˈgirdered ppl. a.
1934Dylan Thomas 18 Poems 32 Strong As motor muscle on the drill, driving Through vision and the girdered nerve. 1938L. MacNeice Mod. Poetry i. 18 There is a chance for poets..to girder it [sc. élan vital] with a structure supplied partly by reason. 1956D. Barnham One Man's Window 19 The hangar is a vast girdered cavern. 1969Observer 12 Jan. 27/1 A vision in which titanic masonry enveloped mankind like the girdered belly of a whale. |