| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ ghetto, n.|ˈgɛtəʊ|
Also 7 gheto.
[Of uncertain etym., perh. f. It. getto foundry, as the first ghetto founded in Venice in 1516 was on the site of a foundry.]
1. The quarter in a city, chiefly in Italy, to which the Jews were restricted.
1611Coryat Crudities 230 The place where the whole fraternity of the Iews dwelleth together, which is called the Ghetto. Ibid. 234 Walking in the Court of the Ghetto, I casually met with a Iewish Rabbin that spake good Latin. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 76 A particular part of the city, noted for houses of ill-fame, was assigned by Cosmo I. to the Jews, for their particular quarter, or ghetto. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 5 The crowded ghetto of a Pagan capital. 1887Dowden Shelley II. vii. 277 An obscure quarter of Rome, hard by the gate of the Ghetto.
2. transf. and fig. A quarter in a city, esp. a thickly populated slum area, inhabited by a minority group or groups, usu. as a result of economic or social pressures; an area, etc., occupied by an isolated group; an isolated or segregated group, community, or area.
1892I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. i. 2 The particular Ghetto that is the dark background upon which our pictures will be cast is of voluntary formation. 1897Literature 27 Nov. 180/1 The Farringdon-road collection of barrows has become the veriest Ghetto of bookland. 1908J. London Martin Eden (1910) xxxvi. 310 They dismounted and plunged off to the right into the heart of the working-class ghetto. 1909Westm. Gaz. 20 Aug. 8/3 The people..have grown superior to the banal excitement and cheap attractions of the densely crowded areas. The day on which the tramways went over Westminster Bridge recorded the unlocking of the London ghettos. 1937Times 6 Oct. 13/7 Part of the benches [in the Warsaw Polytechnic] have been marked for students belonging to a union almost exclusively controlled by ‘Aryans’, and others for the Jewish students' union, while a few seats for non-union students are left unmarked... The establishment of the ‘bench ghetto’ is an important precedent, unknown even in Germany. 1957Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Nov. 713/3 On records the Coloured jazz musicians still played largely for their race; in life they played for the immigrants into the Negro city ghettoes. 1961L. Mumford City in History xvi. 493 The suburb..was a segregated community..a sort of green ghetto dedicated to the elite. 1961Listener 7 Dec. 1000/3 [The television programme] ‘Bookstand’, (November 30), capriciously shifted to the Tuesday ghetto, had one memorable item. 1966Ibid. 29 Sept. 454/1 The ghetto is one of two in which most of Chicago's Negroes, who make up a quarter of the city's population, are forced to live. 1968N.Y. Rev. Books 11 July 34/1 The ‘breakdown of the Catholic ghetto’ is a good thing, but the breakdown of intellectual ghettos at M.I.T. and Harvard might be, educationally, an even better thing.
3. attrib. and Comb.
1892I. Zangwill Childr. Ghetto (1893) 2 The Ghetto..becomes only a swarming-place for the poor and the ignorant... Such people are their own Ghetto gates. 1903Daily Chron. 5 Aug. 5//2 What he calls the Ghetto face and the Ghetto eye, observable enough in immigrants, cannot be detected after a generation or two on American soil. 1908J. London Martin Eden (1910) xxxviii. 328 Tell them why you don't want Socialism. Tell them what you think about them and their ghetto ethics. 1941Koestler Scum of Earth 48 The country which was the first to introduce yellow ghetto benches in its schools. 1949― Promise & Fulfilment ii. iv. 251 The victory of the new type of Israelis grown on Palestine soil over the obstinate fanaticism of ghetto-bred politicians. Ibid. iii. i. 294 The same ghetto-heritage of suspicion. 1968Guardian 24 Oct. 10/2 Those ancestors of today's ghetto-dwellers came to areas where, unlike the South, there was no discrimination. 1969Ibid. 17 Sept. 10/2 Catholics are not going to abandon the ghetto mentality which the events of the past month have created unless Stormont shows some belated signs of having the stomach for dealing with Protestant extremists. 1971Radio Times 16 Sept. 37/5 Social workers are becoming increasingly worried by the ‘ghetto mentality’ in the deprived areas of our cities.
b. Special Comb. ghetto blaster slang (orig. U.S.), a large portable stereo radio (and cassette player), esp. one on which (Black) popular music is played loudly.
[1982N.Y. Times 30 May 46/3 He and his sextet, the Ghetto Blasters, brought their mixture of harmonized Southern rock and rhythm-and-blues to the Bottom Line.] 1983Times 27 May 10/3 The growing high-street popularity of Sony Walkmans and portable stereo cassette players (‘*ghetto blasters’). 1983Daily Mirror 4 June 13/1 A beat throbbing from a ghetto-blaster—a giant, portable stereo system. 1983Christian Science Monitor 27 Sept. 21 Six feet tall, 16 years old, and carrying a ‘ghetto blaster’.
▸ ghetto fabulous n. and adj. orig. U.S. (a) n. an ostentatious or flamboyant lifestyle or manner of dress, associated with the hip-hop subculture and characterized as a marker of status in economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods; (b) adj. of, relating to, or exemplifying this style (variously viewed approvingly or disapprovingly).
1996N.Y. Times 14 Jan. xiii. 4/2 Founded by Andre Harrell, it merged the softer approach of rhythm and blues with the hard edge of hip-hop to create what Mr. Harrell called ‘New Jack Swing’—or, as he describes it, ‘high Style urban black life a.k.a. *ghetto fabulous’. 1996Billboard (Nexis) 4 May Horace is the kind of guy who can wear a mink coat and Versace shades. His style is ghetto fabulous... He comes from the 'hood, but he has class. 1998Plain Dealer (Cleveland, Ohio) (Nexis) 21 Apr. 5 b, Blige held the crowd in the palm of her hand through every lazy step as she sauntered across the stage in ghetto fabulous outfits. 2001GTA Today 12 Jan. 10/4 Avoid red fox fur (not hip), fluffy coats (too ghetto fabulous), and anything ankle length. 2003Boys Toys Aug. 105/3 You should also try Vana Talinn, a mega-strong, very sweet liqueur. It's usually served with coffee over ice or if you're ghetto fabulous, with champagne. 2004Vanity Fair June 60/3 [His] style is a combination of pimp, ghetto-fabulous, and make-believe dandy.
▪ II. ghetto, v.|ˈgɛtəʊ|
[f. the n.]
trans. To put or keep (people) in a ghetto. So ˈghettoed ppl. a.; ˈghettoize v. trans.; also ghettoiˈzation.
1936Times 15 Feb. 11/3 Jews, who are ghettoed under the racial legislation. 1939Jewish Standard (Toronto) Apr. 13 An element of ghettoization, self demoralization. 1939Canadian Jewish Chron. 4 Aug. 3 Arcand's attempt..to ghettoize a minority. 1964M. A. Galamison in J. H. Clarke Harlem 225 It is a land of ghettoized human beings: men denied creative work. 1965Listener 15 Apr. 543/1 We don't ghetto them or keep them out of work. Ibid. 545/2 The immigrant can be ghettoed psychologically. 1970Guardian 27 Oct. 11/8 Skilled white workers are moving South from the ghettoed and polluted cities of the North. |