| 释义 |
▪ I. turret, n.1|ˈtʌrɪt|
Forms: α. 4–6 turet, 5 -ete (6 pl. -ettes, Sc. -ettis, -etis), 5–6 Sc. -at(e (pl. -atis, -attis), 6 turryt, -ite, Sc. turit, turrat, 6–8 turrit, 7 Sc. turrett, 5– turret (pl. 4–6 -ettes, Sc. 5 -ettis, 6 -etis). β. 4–5 (7–8 Hist.) touret, 5–6 -ette (pl. Sc. -ettis), tourrett (pl. -ettes), towrette (pl. -ettis, -ys), 6–7 towret, 8 tourett. γ. 4–5 toret, 5–8 torret (5 pl. torettes, -is, torrettes). δ. 6 territ, 6–7 -et, -ett (pl. -ettes), 7 tirritt.
[ME. turet, toret, tourette, a. OF. torete, tourete (12th c. in Godef.), later tourette (still in 17th c.), dim. of tur, tor, tour fem., tower; cf. mod.It. torretta, dim. of torre:—L. turris (to the influence of which the current spelling turret may be due).
The slightly earlier toret, torret, occurring in the S. Eng. Leg. I. 300/15 and in R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3625 in the sense of ‘summit’ of a hill, is app. not identical with this word, but ad. OF. turet (still in Artois dial.), var. of turel (later and now dial. tureau) eminence, hill.]
1. a. A small or subordinate tower, usually one forming part of a larger structure; esp. a rounded addition to an angle of a building, sometimes commencing at some height above the ground, and freq. containing a spiral staircase.
α13..Guy Warw. (A.) 7306 + xxi. 1 To a turet sir Gij is went, And biheld þat firmament. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 42 Ane ciete..With torris and turatis. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 1014 A ryoll sted..With turrettis fayr. 1555W. Watreman Fardle of Facions i. vi. 89 The gentlemen..haue neither cities nor townes, but Turrettes builte vpon the waters side. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 37 An Elephant with a turret upon his backe. Ibid. 40 He raised an high turret, out of which..there might blaze all night long, lights and fires for the better direction of ships at sea. 1644Evelyn Diary 17 Nov., Another wall full of small turrets. 1765Foote Commissary iii. (1782) 48 The large brick house..with a turrit at top. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. I. iii. 17 He perceived the turrets of an ancient chateau rising out of the trees of its walled park. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 Thick walls and turrets at the angles gave the whole the aspect..of a fortress.
transf.1671Phil. Trans. VI. 2265 By a new Earth-quake the Top or Turret of Mount ætna..fell in.
β13..Coer de L. 3969 The Sarezynes, armyd, forth lepe Upon the walles the toun to kepe, Stout in touret, and in hurdys. c1400Rom. Rose 4164 He hired hem to make a tour... And rounde enviroun eek were set Ful many a riche and fair touret. 1481Caxton Godeffroy ccvii. 303 They were so pour and so greued of tayllages and excises, that vnnethe they had among them alle wherof to repayre two towrettys. 1545Joye Exp. Dan. i. 13 It was dowble walled with many highe and strong towrets. 1633Stow's Surv. 7/1 The wals of [London], which were sore decayed, and destitute of Towres and Towrets, to be repaired. 1736McUre Hist. Glasgow 256 The Town-house or Tolbooth..has Four large Touretts on the Corners thereof.
γa1400–50Alexander 1418 (Ashm.) Sum..Tilt torettis [v.r. torrettes] doun, toures on hepis. c1400Gamelyn 329 In a litel toret his brother lay i-steke. c1440Promp. Parv, 497/1 Toret, lytylle towre, turricula. 1648J. Raymond Il Mercurio Italico 129 An ancient Torret, built halfe of solid Marble.
δa1600Hymn, ‘Hierusalem my happie home’ viii. in Julian Dict. Hymnology (1907) 580/2 Thy terrettes and thy pinacles. c1618Moryson Itin. (1903) 335 Germany aboundes with Copper, wherewith many Cittyes have Terretts steeples and whole Churches Covered. 1643Mrs. Thornton Autobiog. (Surtees) 33 The window sudainly shutt with such a force the whole tirritt shooke.
b. In Heraldry: see quots.
1766–87Porny Heraldry Gloss., Turret, a small Tower. Turreted, having Turrets on the top. c1828Berry Encycl. Her. I. Gloss., Turret, a small tower on the top of another. 1868Cussans Her. vii. (1882) 123 Turret: a small tower commonly set upon a Castle. 1894Parker's Gloss. Her. s.v. Tower, The tower is..frequently represented as bearing three smaller towers or turrets, and then it is blazoned triple towered, or triple turretted... The..turret is sometimes used alone, separate from the tower, and can only be represented as a smaller tower.
†c. fig. Highest point or position, height, acme. Obs.
1593Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift (1876) 36 We thinke we are neuer at the territ of delight. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. (1634) 111 Jupiter, whom the Greekes have seated in the top and highest Turret of their Divinitie. 1680T. Lawson Mite into Treasury 11 Mounted to the Terret of Philosophick Elevations, and to the Zenith of Scholastick Notions.
2. Mil.
†a. = tower n.1 5 a. Obs. rare—1.
1563Golding Cæsar ii. (1565) 62 Then they saw..the mount raysed and a turret a buylding a farre of,..they began to laugh at it.
b. A low flat armour-plated tower, commonly cylindrical or conical, on a ship of war or a fort, made to contain a gun and gunners, and usually to revolve horizontally; a similar structure on a tank, armoured car, or aircraft.
1862Capt. P. Coles in Times 5 Nov., I obtained permission..to substitute in the ‘Prince Albert’ three turrets, each carrying one 300-pounder. 1869E. J. Reed Iron-Clad Ships Introd. 16 The ‘Monarch’..with 25-ton guns mounted in turrets. 1887Spectator 30 July 1019/1 The ‘Inflexible’..with four 80-ton guns in her turrets. 1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xiv. 143 The plan of placing the guns in revolving towers or turrets. 1897H. W. Wilson in United Service Mag. July 351 The distinction between turret and barbette is this; the turret is an armoured shelter revolving with the gun; the barbette an armoured shelter inside which the gun revolves on a turn-table. 1914E. A. Powell Fighting in Flanders iii. 70 The earlier armoured cars used by the Belgians..consisted of a circular turret, high enough so that only the head and shoulders of the man operating the machine-gun were exposed, covered with half-inch steel plates and mounted on an ordinary chassis. 1933Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) iv. 27 Turret, a form of cockpit primarily intended for the use of a gunner. 1942Tee Emm (Air Ministry) II. 140 Give yourself a few minutes each day in the training turrets so that your turret manipulation is absolutely one hundred per cent. Ibid. 141 For most of the trip your hands will be on the turret controls. 1969G. Macbeth War Quartet 26, I stretched Across my turret, thinking. 1978J. Irving World according to Garp i. 15 This ball turret was a metal sphere with a glass porthole; it was set into the fuselage of a B-17 like a distended navel—like a nipple on the bomber's belly.
3. Applied to various things resembling a small tower.
†a. A high head-dress formerly worn by women (obs.).
†b. A tall chimney on a lamp (obs.).
c. A raised central portion in the roof of a railway passenger carriage (U.S.).
1473–4Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 29, j½ elne of satyne for turatis to the Quene. 1578Inv. Roy. Wardr. (1815) 231 Ane hude and ane turit of quheit velvot. 1626Bacon Sylva §373 Take a Turreted Lampe of Tinne,..The Height of the Turret being thrice as much, as the length of the lower part, whereupon the Lampe standeth. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Turret..3. (Railway.) The elevated central portion of a passenger-car, whose top forms an upper story of the roof, and whose sides are glazed for light and pierced for ventilation.
4. a. An attachment to a lathe, drill, or similar machine, consisting of a round or polygonal block with sockets for various dies or cutting tools, and capable of being rotated (cf. 2 b) so as to present the required tool to the work.
1875[see turret-lathe in 5]. 1898H. S. Wilson Pract. Tool-Maker & Designer vi. 58 Knurling fixtures for both the slide and turret. 1963[see semi-automatic n. 1]. 1975Bram & Downs Manuf. Technol. vii. 200 The turret is then indexed to perform a number of drilling, reaming, tapping and counter-sinking operations.
b. Cinematogr. and Television. = lens turret s.v. lens n. 4.
1951R. Spottiswoode Film & its Techniques iii. 64 On almost all cameras..the lenses are mounted in clusters of three or four on a turret, a revolving device which serves to bring the wanted lens in front of the aperture. 1960O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV 138 Turret, a circular mounting of several lenses held in readiness for use on the front of a camera. 1961G. Millerson Telev. Production iii. 34 The internal complexity of a zoom lens makes it bulkier than a turret assembly. 1965J. Von Sternberg Fun in Chinese Laundry (1966) vii. 184 We illuminated every possible retreat he might find, and more cameras, turrets, and various lenses were employed. 1976A. Davis Television 27 The turret camera with a revolving disc offering the choice of several lenses of different focal lengths, and the single zoom lens of variable focal length..were still to come.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) turret-bell, turret-bridge, turret-chamber, turret-clock, turret-door, turret-roof, turret-room, turret-stair, turret-top; turret-like, turret-shaped, turret-topped adjs.; (sense 2 b) turret armour, turret-gun, turret-gunner; (senses 2 and 4 b) turret-mounted adj.; (sense 4 b) turret-mounting; turret-turning adj.; also turret-crown, a turreted crown (see turreted 2 a); turret-deck: see quot. 1909 (also attrib.); turret head = sense 4; turret-lathe, a lathe fitted with a turret (sense 4); turret-light, a light on top of a police car, ambulance, etc., which flashes to signal an emergency; turret-shell = turritellid; turret-ship, a ship of war with a turret (sense 2 b); turret-spider, a spider that constructs a turret-like nest, as the N. American Lycosa arenaria; turret-vessel = turret-ship; turret window = tower-window (tower n.1 10).
1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xiv. 144 The side and *turret armour was made up of two thicknesses.
c1800R. Cumberland John De Lancaster (1809) III. 3 The *turret-bell gave the signal of an arrival.
c1470Henry Wallace vii. 990 Schir Jhon the Grayme, and Ramsay..The *turat bryg segyt.
1819Scott Ivanhoe xx[i]v, A step was heard on the stair, and the door of the *turret chamber slowly opened. 1821― Kenilw. xviii, Immured for day and night in a desolate turret-chamber.
c1820S. Rogers Italy (1839) 52 An hour and more, by the old *turret-clock. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 84 De Vick..made for Charles V of France the first turret clock of which we have reliable record.
1667Milton P.L. ix. 525 Oft he [the serpent] bowd His *turret Crest.
1886Conder Syrian Stone-Lore vii. (1896) 235 Jerusalem herself, with *turret-crown, appears on another [coin].
1904Westm. Gaz. 10 Oct. 9/1 Rules for the construction of *turret-deck steamers. 1909Cent. Dict. Supp. s.v. Deck, In a special British design of cargo-steamer,..the side, instead of meeting the main deck rectangularly, is rounded off so as to make a continuous curved surface with the deck. Inboard of this the side is again curved up. The space between the sides at the top is covered by a narrow deck called the turret-deck.
1825Scott Betrothed iii, The form of the huge and substantial Fleming at length issued from the *turret-door.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Turret-gun, one specially adapted for use in revolving turrets of vessels.
1870Daily News 27 Sept., The *turret-gunner stands with his head through a hole in the roof of the turret.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Supp., *Turret Head, the revolving head of a bolt cutter.
1875Ibid., *Turret-lathe.., a screw-cutting lathe having a slide provided with a polygonal block or turret, having apertures in each face for receiving dies which are secured therein by set-screws. 1898H. S. Wilson Pract. Tool-Maker & Designer vi. 58 The variety of work that may be executed on a screw machine or turret lathe. 1939Daily Tel. 18 Dec. 12/3 (Advt.), Experience should include the setting up and tooling of automatic and turret lathes. 1975Bram & Downs Manuf. Technol. v. 129 The vertical turret-lathe is a chucking machine only.
1972‘G. North’ Sergeant Cluff rings True i. 14 A small van..carried a *turret-light on its roof and had, ‘Police,’ lettered on its sidepanels.
1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1738) II. 253 Like..old reverend Cybele,..on her head a *turret-like attire.
1961Observer 21 May 5/1 (Advt.), Twin lenses, standard and telephoto, *turret mounted to whisk you smoothly from close-up to long shot. 1963Times Lit. Suppl. 31 May 394/5 The loss of the Captain..marked the end of the attempt to combine a full set of sails with steam propulsion and turret-mounted guns.
1923F. A. Talbot Moving Pictures 86 Behind this turret-plate is a second and fixed disk or ‘*turret-mounting’ of identical diameter, but having only two openings, corresponding to the photographing and focussing apertures respectively. 1966‘A. Hall’ 9th Directive ix. 83, I set it [sc. a camera] up on a tripod with a turret-mounting that was rigid enough for the weight.
1813Scott Rokeby i. i, The warder..Hears, upon *turret-roof and wall, By fits the plashing rain-drop fall.
1803Lett. Miss Riversdale III. 368, I have been removed from the *turret room I occupied, to a bed room on the ground floor. 1822Scott Pirate xxxi, A great banqueting-hall, communicating with several large rounds, or projecting turret-rooms.
1844Marg. Fuller Wom. 19th C. (1862) 362 Two vast towers of rock with *turret-shaped tops.
1859–62Sir J. Richardson, etc. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1868) II. 339 The family of *Turret or Screw shells (Turritellidæ).
1862Capt. P. Coles in Times 22 Nov., [The idea] that broadside ships can..effectively work these ponderous guns against *turret ships. 1880Daily News 18 Dec., The trials of the eighty-ton guns on board the turret ship Inflexible.
1883Science 13 July 43/2 A species of ground spider..known as the *turret spider.
1819Scott Ivanhoe xx[i]v, Slowly and with difficulty she descended the *turret stair. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 573 An external turret-stair on the north side.
1866Capt. Coles & the Admiralty 9 Captain Coles is not the inventor of the *turret system at all..the turret itself belongs to Ericsson.
c1800R. Cumberland John De Lancaster (1809) III. 115 The whole Castle garrison [turned out] from their sky-chambers on the *turret tops.
1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 271 The outside walls..are of the plain, one story, level, *turret-topped..style.
1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xiv. 143 The parts immediately underneath turrets must be protected by armour in order to shield the *turret-turning gear.
1862Capt. P. Coles in Times 5 Nov., A sea-going *turret vessel. 1870O. H. Stokes in Eng. Mech. 7 Jan. 396/3 In a turret vessel, the whole of the deck, ‘exclusive of that part which is occupied by the turrets’, is exposed to the fire of the enemy.
1603Rites of Durham (Surtees 1903) App. 110, 3 white *turrett wyndowes. 1823Scott Quentin D. iv, Little turret-windows,..the lattice..half open to admit the air.
▪ II. turret, n.2
var. torret.
▪ III. ˈturret, v.
[f. turret n.1]
trans. To furnish, fortify, or adorn with or as with a turret or turrets. Usually in pa. pple.: see also next.
1450in Charters &c. Edinb. (1871) 71 To..wall, toure, turate, and uther wais to strengthen oure foresaid Burgh. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 36 The citee..was strong, wel walled, and turryted with good Bulwarkes & defenses. 1636Davenant Platonick Lovers 1, Since yonder building on the Mount, And that large Marble square was turretted, The house lookes pleasant. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxvi, The Thames, here turreted with villas and there garlanded with forests. 1843S. C. Hall Ireland III. 180 A keep or castle turreted at the angles. |