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turquoise, n. (a.)
(ˈtɜːkwɔɪz, -kɔɪz, təˈkɔɪz, arch. təˈkiːz, ˈtɜːkɪz)
Forms: see below.
[In 15–16th c. turkeis, -keys, a. OF. turqueise, -quaise, later turquoise, fem. of turqueis, -quais, turquois adj. Turkish, in full pierre turquoise, i.e. ‘Turkish stone’ (cf. Marco Polo c. xxxiv ‘pierres qui s'appellent turquesses’) = Pr., Sp. turquesa, Pg. turqueza, It. turchese, med.L. (lapis) turchēsius or turkēsius; = MDu. turcoys, turckois, Du. turkoois, MHG. turkîs, -koys, etc., mod.Ger. türkis, türkiss, Da. turkis, tyrkis, Sw. turkos. So named as coming from Turkestan, where first found, or through the Turkish dominions: cf. also med.L. turchīnus, It. turchino, F. turquin blue, azure. The earliest Eng. form was the OF. and AF. turkeis; this by vowel-progression became turˈkēse, -ˈīse, and by stress-shift, as in other Teutonic languages, ˈturkes, -as, -is; but these forms began before 1600 to be displaced by adoption of the French spelling turquoise, turkois. Ben Jonson stresses ˈturkise, Dr. Johnson ˈturkois, -koise, Milton and Tennyson ˈturkis. Walker and Smart (1846) pronounce turˈkīz, Cent. Dict. and Funk's Stand. tərˈkoiz, tərˈkīz, Webster 1911 turˈkoiz or ˈturkwoiz.]
I.
1. a. A precious stone found in Persia (the true turquoise or oriental turquoise), much prized as a gem, of a sky-blue to apple-green colour, almost opaque or sometimes translucent, consisting of hydrous phosphate of aluminium.
(α) 4–7 turkeis, 5–7 turkeys, 6 turkeies, turquays, turkese, turkies, 7 turcais, torqueis, turquies, -quize, turchis; 6– turkis, 7– turkise (both now archaic).
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xcvi. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 183 b/2 De Turtogis. Turtogis that hatte Turkeis also is a ȝelow white stone and haþ þat name of the contrey of Turkeis. Þis stone kepeþ and saueþ þe siȝt and bredeþ gladnes and comforte. 1463in Bury Wills (Camden) 36, I beqwethe to the said Dame Margarete a doubyl ryng departyd of gold with a ruby and a turkeys. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. iv. 5 Of vertuous turkeys there was a cheyr. c1530Crt. of Love xii, There lacked than, nor emerald so grene, Balais, Turkeis, ne thing to my devise. 1545Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 226 A rynge of golde with a turquays. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. i. 126 Out vpon her,..it was my Turkies, I had it of Leah when I was a Batcheler. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 306 Orient perles & great Turkeses. 1603B. Jonson Sejanus i. i, True as turkise in the deare lords ring. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 642 It is more like to be the turkeis..the turcais is of a blewish metalline colour. 1616Bullokar Eng. Expos., Turkise, a precious stone of a silke blew colour. 1634Milton Comus 894 The azurn sheen Of Turkis blew and Emrauld green. 1648Gage West Ind. 71 Bracelets of Turkises and of gold likewise. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 40/2 The Turches or Turky stone..some call it Eranus, others Turcois or Torqueis. 1694Strype Abp. Cranmer iii. i. 308 They seized..a good Turkeys and a Diamond. 1857Tennyson Geraint & Enid 661 The turf was rich in plots that look'd Each like a garnet or a turkis in it. 1877W. Jones Finger-ring 158 The turquoise, turkise, or turkey-stone having..been supposed to possess talismanic properties. a1913S. Vines Hotel 16 in Oxford Poetry 154 Sapphires and amethysts and wicked Turkises.
(β) 5–6 turkes, 5–7 turques, (5 torcas, 5–6 Sc. turcas, 6 turkas, torchas, turcasse, tourques, turquez, toorkes, turquesse, turkesse), 6–7 turches.
1478Croscombe Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 6 A ryng gold with a torcas. 1488Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 81 Item, a ryng with a turcas. 1511–12Ibid. IV. 331 Ane ruby, ane turkas. 1501Bury Wills (Camden) 91 A ryng of gold wt a toorkes set in. a1512Fabyan Will in Chron. Pref. 7 A ryng of gold, sett wt a turques, a dyamaunt, and a ruby. 1518Test. Ebor. (Surtees) V. 8 A rynge of golde with a stone in hit callede a turkes. 1527Ibid. 244 Unum annulum cum le torchas. 1530Palsgr. 282/1 Tourques a precious stone, tourquois. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 4 Lapis, a stone, comprehendeth in it self, a Saphire, a Rubbie, a Christall, a Turkas. 1553― Rhet. 209 No Diamonde, no Saphire, no Rubie, no Christall: no Turcasse, no Emerode. 1555Eden Decades 235 Turquesses are founde in Exer a place of Siech Ismael. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 23 The Turches or Turcois, is of the common sort called Eranus... It is called a Turches for that it is onely found in Turkland or amongst the Turkes. 1599Warn. Faire Wom. i. 217 You wear a pretty turkesse there, methinks. 1601Chester Love's Mart. (N. Shaks. Soc.) 107 The Turches being worne in a Ring. 1653Greaves Seraglio 15 A Basen and Ewer of massive gold, set with Rubies and Turkesses. 1688[see α].
(γ) 6 turkoise, 6–7 turquoys, turcoyse, turquoies, 6–8 turcois, 7–8 turcoise, (turchois), 7–9 turkois, (8 torquois, turkquoise, 9 tourquois), 6– turquoise, -ois.
1567Turcois [see β]. 1601Holland Pliny xxxvii. viii. II. 619 The best Turquois is that which approcheth nearest to the grasse green of an Emeraud. 1607Turchois, 1631 Turcois [see b]. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. i. (1686) 42 Crystall..will receive impression from Steel, in a manner like the Turchois. a1658Cleveland Common Place Wks. (1677) 166 The Compassionate Turcoise confesseth the Sickness of his Wearer by changing colour. 1668Wilkins Real Char. ii. iii. 63 Turkois. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 755 Turkoises are no where found but in Persia. 1679Lond. Gaz. No. 1418/4 Lost..a Ring with a large Turquoies of the Old Rock, very good colour. 1747Mortimer in Phil. Trans. XLIV. 429 This Stone has received its..Name of Turchesia, and Turquoise, from its being most commonly brought from Turky. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede v, The small brown hand..is laden with pearls, diamonds, and turquoises.
b. In collect. sing., esp. as a substance.
1607Lingua iv. iv, Orient Pearles, and sparkling Diamonds: Beset at the end with Emerauds and Turchois. 1631Widdowes Nat. Philos. 28 Turcois is darke, of a skie colour, and greenish. 1836T. Thomson Min., Geol. etc. I. 230 Tourquois seems to have been known to the ancients. 1857Wood Com. Obj. Sea Shore 64 They..are blue and bright as turquoise, to which jewel they bear some resemblance. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 62 The Ligurian sea, blue as turquoise. 1884Browning Ferishtah, Melon-seller 35 Ferishtah..passed..To Nishapur, that Elburz looks above—Where they dig turquoise.
2. More fully turquoise stone: see also Turkey stone, Turkish stone (Turkish a. 2 b). Now rare.
1556N. C. Wills (Surtees 1908) 240 One ring of golde with a turkeys stone in it. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 440 In the gates..there are many Turques-stones. c1610in Heriot's Mem. App. vii. (1822) 215 A ring sett with 5 little Turkis stones. 1673Ray Journ. Low C., Florence 333 An entire image made of one Turchois stone. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 568 Persia contains mines of..above all, turquoise stones. 1831Ld. Houghton Mem. Many Scenes (1844) 75 This heaven..With richer, but less brilliant, hue, Built up of turkis-stone.
3. As name for a colour (short for turquoise blue): see 6 b.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. viii. (1856) 61 The blue and white were mixed in a pale turkois. 1860W. G. Clark in Vac. Tour. 42 A cave with a floor of liquid turquoise. 1876R. Broughton Joan i. xix, Looking out through the open windows at the absolute turquoise of the heavens. 1878J. J. Young Ceram. Art (1879) 41 The Chinese value one piece..for the depth of its turquoise. 1881Porcelain Works, Worcester 35 To the admirers of colour, the Persian turquoise, Imperial yellow,..and other enamels present an interesting series.
4. a. Lapidaries' name for odontolite: see quot. 1839; also called bone-turquoise and occidental turquoise.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 154 Turquoise is ivory tinged by the blue Calx of Copper. 1819Odontolite Turquoise [see odontolite (odonto-)]. 1839Ure Dict. Arts, etc. 744 A totally different kind of turquois, called bone turquois, which seems to be phosphate of lime coloured with oxide of copper. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 580 Turquoise de vieille roche (in distinction from Odontolite, or T. de nouvelle roche, called also Occidental Turquois).
b. (See quot.)
1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 472/2 s.v. Pottery, These mixtures give a fine white body for ornaments... A body called turquoise has been manufactured to a great extent for a few years past... When glazed, it has the peculiar milky tint of the gem after which it has been named.
II. attrib. and Comb.
5. a. Simple attrib. ‘of turquoise’: as turquoise bead, turquoise colour, turquoise enamel, turquoise gem, turquoise mine, turquoise miner, turquoise treasure, turquoise work, turquoise working.
1662Merrett tr. Neri's Art of Glass 56 This [sea] salt so calcin'd, keep to make a Blew or Turcois colour. 1753Chambers' Cycl. App. s.v. Turcois, The pale blue of the natural turcois gem. Ibid., Turcois enamel. 1765Phil. Trans. LV. 21 Copper..gives the torquois colour to white glass. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxx. 177 Three blue tubercles, like..little turquois beads. 1849M. Arnold Strayed Reveller 195 Their wealth..Of gold and ivory, Of turquoise-earth and amethyst. 1876Birch Rede Lect. Egypt 20 Magarah and its turquoise treasures had been lost. 1877W. R. Cooper Egypt. Obelisks iv. (1878) 16 The copper and turquoise miners of the Wady Magari. 1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 323 Many ancient turquois workings are found in the neighborhood. 1896G. M. Stisted True Life of Sir R. F. Burton xv. 377 The Land of Midian is still wealthy; turquoise mines exist. [1906Outlook 30 June 881/2 In common, doubtless, with the Sinai Bedawys, the Egyptians worshipped the Goddess of the Turquoise. ] Ibid. That..the worship of the Turquoise goddess [was] non-Egyptian in nature.1908Ch. Times 20 Mar. 392/2 Turquoise and Indian Work for..Zenana Mission.
b. In sense ‘set or adorned with a turquoise or turquoises, or composed of turquoises’, as turquoise ear-ring, turquoise locket, turquoise ring.
1808Scott Marm. v. x, The fair Queen of France Sent him a Turquois ring. 1868Ld. Houghton Select. fr. Wks. 60 And turkis-lockets, that no churl Hath fashioned out mechanic-wise. 1896G. M. Stisted True Life Sir R. F. Burton vii. 164 A red sausage-shaped cushion strung with turquoise rings. 1901Westm. Gaz. 28 Dec. 1/3 The girl with turquoise eyes and turquoise earrings.
c. Instrumental, similative, etc., as turquoise-coloured, turquoise-encrusted, turquoise-gemmed, turquoise-hued, turquoise-like, turquoise-studded, turquoise-tinted adjs.; turquoise-berry, a liliaceous Tasmanian herb, Drymophila cyanocarpa, bearing white flowers and blue pendulous berries.
1823C. J. Mathews Jrnl. 13 Nov. in Dickens Life Charles J. Mathews (1879) I. iv. 93 The beautiful turquoise-coloured bay. 1862G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 9 One bound o'er dripping gold a turquoise-gemm'd Circlet of astral flowerets. 1864Daily Tel. 26 Sept., The turquoise-like water, too, sparkled in the light of the declining day. 1881Athenæum 4 June 754 A pure turquoise-coloured sky. 1893J. Ashby-Sterry Naughty Girl xii, A coquettish turquoise-hued tea⁓gown. 1898Morris Austral Eng. 426/2 Solomon's Seal,..the Tasmanian name for Drymophila cyanocarpa,..also called Turquoise Berry. 1899Edin. Rev. Jan. 35 The turquoise-tinted feathers of the Kingfisher. 1901Kipling Kim xiv. 361 A fair-coloured woman with turquoise-studded headgear. 1906Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 8/1 Her strings of Orient pearls, her turquoise-encrusted heart-lockets. 1906Westm. Gaz. 24 Nov. 7/2 A gossamer turquoise-coloured scarf, lightly thrown across her shoulders. 1909Daily Chron. 15 July 4/5 Neck ornament in the form of a turquoise studded serpent.
6. a. As adj. Of the colour of the turquoise; turquoise-blue.
1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 125 An alabaster neck, a turcois eie. 1844Lady G. C. Fullerton Ellen Middleton (1854) II. xiv. 149 The cordon bleu [bird], with his turquoise breast. 1882B. M. Croker Proper Pride xi, Rising here and there against the turquoise sky were palms. 1891E. Roper By Track & Trail x. 138 Pools of lovely turquoise water. 1901[see 5 b]. 1909Le Queux House of Shadows xviii, Her pretty gown of turquoise chiffon.
b. With adj. or n. of colour.
1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 122 A Turcoise blue enamel. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 279 Wings with from 8 to 10 spots of turquoise blue, bordered with orange. 1863M. E. Braddon Eleanor's Vict. III. viii. 108 The turquoise-blue eyes shone with a feverish light. 1877Black Green Past. xii, Beds of turquoise-blue forget-me-nots. 1883Truth 31 May 769/2 A train and corsage of turquoise blue satin. 1886Kipling Departm. Ditties, Delilah viii, The wasteful sunset faded out in turkis-green and gold. 1890Daily News 15 July 5/6 One of the..ladies who wore the beautiful turquoise blue that has been a specialty of this season. |