| 释义 |
Turcoman|ˈtɜːkəʊmən|
Also 7 Turcomane, Turkeman, 9 Toorkoman, Turkoman; β. 7 Turcman, 7– Turkman. See also Turkman.
[a. Pers. turkumān ‘one like or resembling a Turk’, f. Turk n.1 + mān-dan to resemble: applied to the Turkish nomads. Hence med.L. Turcomannus, F. tourcouman. In English sometimes made into Turkman, and the second element treated as man, as in Chinaman, etc., with pl. Turkmen: cf. Mussulman.]
1. a. A member of a branch of the Turkish race, consisting of a number of tribes inhabiting the region lying east of the Caspian Sea and about the Sea of Aral, formerly known as Turkestan or Independent Tartary (now Turkmenistan, a constituent republic of the U.S.S.R.) and parts of Persia (Iran) and Afghanistan; mainly nomadic and pastoral, and once notorious for their predatory habits.
1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ix. 337 Camels are gentle and domesticall beasts, and..are vsed in Asia by the Tartars, the Curdians, the Dalemians, and the Turcomans. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. iv. §2. 1427 The noble Kingdome of Armenia, called now Turcomania, because of the Turcomanes a people that came out of Scythia..who live as Shepheards in their Tents. 1632Lithgow Trav. v. 196 Poore miserable people called Turcomani, liuing in Tents. 1854Church Misc. Writ. (1891) I. 288 The traveller in Asia Minor comes from time to time upon encampments of Turkomans.
β1683T. Smith Acc. Prusa in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 73 The Turkmans, (for so they are peculiarly called, as if they were the true Descendents of the Old Turks or Scythians,)..have no fixt Residence any where, but Travel with their Families and Cattle from Place to Place, carrying their Wives and Children upon Camels. 1686tr. Chardin's Coronat. Solyman 123 A great number of Turkmans or Shepherds. Ibid. 124 These People our Modern Authors call Turcomans, which are properly Turks. 1823Byron Island ii. xix, Sublime tobacco! which from east to west Cheers the tar's labour or the Turkman's rest. 1897Ramsay Every Day Life Turkey iii. 96 These people are Turkmans and their customs are different from those of other Moslems. 1906― in Contemp. Rev. July 11 The Byzantine historians, who distinguish these Turkmen or Nomads..from the Turks.
b. The Turkish language of this people. Cf. Turkmen, Türkmen.
1798Brit. Critic XI. 37 The Turkish language,..that corrupt jargon; a strange harsh mixture of the vernacular Turcoman, Arabic, and Persian. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 1/1 Ural-Altaic Languages..Turkoman (Turkmenian), west Turkestan, north Persia, and Asia Minor. 1908[see Jagatai]. 1954Pei & Gaynor Dict. Ling. 222 Turkoman, a Near-Eastern language; it belongs to the Southern Turkic group of the Altaic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages.
2. A Turcoman horse: see quot. 1831.
1831Youatt Horse ii. 17 The Toorkoman horse. Turkistan..has been celebrated from very early times, for producing a pure and valuable breed of horses. They are called Toorkomans. They are said to be preferable even to the pure Persians, for service. 1884O'Donovan Merv xxiv. 270 They are generally..a mixture of Arab and Turcoman blood, but thoroughbred Turcomans are also..for sale. 1905Statesman (Calcutta) 23 Aug. 2/3 For Sale—Pair of Handsome Red spotted Cream Turcomans (ponies).
3. A kind of textile material; cf. Turcoman carpet in 4. Also, a Turcoman carpet or rug.
1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork in Mod. Homes i. 57 Turcoman, when ravelled, produces a superb fringe, like soft chenille. 1885E. W. Lightner in Harper's Mag. Mar. 531/2 An autograph portière with alternate stripes of ‘crazy patch⁓work’ embroidered on crimson turcoman. 1962C. W. Jacobsen Oriental Rugs i. vi. 63 Up until 1940, all rugs known as Turkomans or Bokharas..came from Turkestan. 1975P. Somerville-Large Couch of Earth iv. 54 On the floor..were good carpets, mostly small Turcomans.
4. attrib. or as adj. Of or pertaining to this people, their language, or the region they inhabit. Turcoman carpet, rug, a soft, rich-coloured carpet made by the Turcomans.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 44 Some also attribute the Turkes or Turkeman Nation to this name and Authour. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 44 A score of Turcoman Horsemen, armed with Muskets and Lances. 1798Brit. Critic XI. 34 The Turcoman nymphs there spoken of, are not, by any means, the damsels of the country we now denominate Turkey. 1842J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 366 Of hares there are two kinds; the Turkoman variety, which haunts the plains, and that of the desert, with long hair and ears. 1859Blackw. Mag. Oct. 428/1 The Arab and Turcoman women go unveiled. 1901Skrine Sir W. W. Hunter xxi. 450 The feats of Alexander are still told with bated breath in the Turkoman nomad's tent. 1901J. K. Mumford Oriental Rugs xii. 235 One division of these Turkoman carpets, which avoids on the one hand close adherence to the Bokhara device, and on the other the latch-hook style of the Yomuds, is called Beshir. 1911B. Holland Life Dk. Devonshire I. xiv. 321 Some new advance across the Turcoman steppes. 1922H. Clark (title) Bokkara, Turkoman and Afghan rugs. 1975Oxf. Compan. Decorative Arts 791/1 A design peculiar to Turcoman rugs is that known as katchli. |