| 释义 |
turbo-|ˈtɜːbəʊ|
a verbal element repr. turbine, in compounds forming the names of various machines driven by and directly coupled to a turbine, or which are themselves turbines, the second element being the name of the machine so driven or coupled; thus = turbine in comb.; as turbo-alternator, turbo-blower, turbo-compressor, turbo-dynamo, turbo-generator, turbo-machine, turbo-motor, turbo-pump, turbo-unit, turbo-ventilator; ˈturbocar, a motor car powered by a gas-turbine engine; turbo-ˈcompound a., applied to a piston engine in which the exhaust gases drive a turbine coupled to the crankshaft; hence turbo-comˈpounded a., -comˈpounding vbl. n.; ˈturbodrill Oil Industry, a drill in which the drilling bit is rotated by a turbine situated next to it in the drilling string and driven by the upflow of mud; also as v. trans.; hence ˈturbodrilled ppl. a., ˈturbodrilling vbl. n.; turbo-eˈlectric a. Engin., involving or employing electricity generated by means of a turbine; turbomoˈlecular a. Physics, applied to a type of high-vacuum pump in which momentum is imparted to molecules by a high-speed rotor inside a stator, both of which possess inclined slots or blades designed so as to cause the molecules to move axially towards the outlet; ˈturbopump, a pump that incorporates a small turbine to provide the necessary mechanical power, used esp. in aircraft and rockets; turboˈramjet Aeronaut., any of a class of jet engines combining the operations of a turbojet and a ramjet, either as a turbo-jet with provision for afterburning, or as a ramjet containing a turbojet which is shut down at high velocities; ˈturboshaft Engin., used attrib. and absol. to designate a gas turbine engine in which the turbine drives a shaft other than a propeller shaft; ˌturboˈsupercharger Engin. = turbocharger; hence ˌturboˈsupercharged ppl. a., -ˈsupercharging vbl. n.; ˈturbotrain, a train powered by a gas-turbine engine.
1900Engineer 2 Nov. 444/3 Tests..on two *turbo alternators of 1000 kilowatts per hour nominal output. 1902Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. App., Turbo-alternator, an alternating current dynamo coupled direct to a high-speed steam turbine.
1911Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers XL. 580 (heading) *Turbo-blowers and turbo-compressors. 1947Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LI. 95/1 For high altitude cruising the application of turbo-blowers has received much consideration. 1979Truck & Bus Transportation (Austral.) Feb. 41/2 With a turboblower, you literally shovel the air in.
[1950Motor 15 Mar. 183/1 (caption) The Rover turbine car easily reached 90 m.p.h.] 1956Times 3 July 4/6 The Rover *turbocar..was timed at 152 m.p.h. 1974D. Nye Motor Racing Mavericks xix. 190 This turbine car sparked off a terrific controversy... Wallis was taken on..to build two cars similar to his ‘STP Turbocar’.
1954Economist 11 Sept. 11/3 *Turbo-compound; piston compound. A combination of gas turbine and reciprocating engine. 1955C. E. Chapel et al. Aircraft Power Plants (ed. 2) xvii. 339/2 Aircraft powered by the Wright turbo-compound engine are the Douglas DC-7, the Lockheed Super Constellation, [etc.]. 1983Truck & Bus Transportation (Austral.) July 60/2 Whilst the turbocompound diesel has progressed to the operational stage..the benefits of this concept can be more fully realised and cost justified when used in conjunction with an adiabatic or insulated engine.
1978Automotive Engin. Aug. 85/1 In a *turbocompounded engine..the exhaust gases are expanded in a turbine and the power generated is transmitted back to the crankshaft. *Turbocompounding can be incorporated in naturally aspirated, as well as turbocharged engines.
1911*Turbo-compressor [see turbo-blower above]. 1922Daily Mail Year Bk. 1923 75/1 By the development of a mechanism known as a ‘turbo-compressor’, he has enabled aero-engines to maintain their power in the thin air of upper altitudes. 1979A. L. Lydersen Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer xi. 327 Turbo-compressors are used for vapour recompression of large vapour volumes..while steam ejectors are used in many smaller installations.
1948Oil & Gas Jrnl. 3 June 58/3 During initial field tests conducted in May.., the new Edco *Turbodrill penetrated 950 ft. of shallow section in a wildcat test drilling. Ibid. 61/1 Photoclinometer and hole-section surveys showed a total drift of 3 ft. or 10½ minutes from vertical through the section *turbo-drilled. 1949World Oil 1 July 88/1 Electric logs..were run after the *turbodrilled section was completed. 1955World Petroleum XXVI. 84/3 The advantages of *turbodrilling stem from the fact that only the bit is actually involved in the rotating effort. 1977Offshore Engineer May 20/1 (Advt.), Our turbodrilling and directional drilling engineers and equipment are at your service. 1981‘D. Rutherford’ Porcupine Basin iv. 66 We're developing a new turbo-drill on a flexible string which can be reeled out on a drum.
1904Electr. World & Engin. 19 Mar. 558 Electrical and mechanical difficulties which arise in the design of *turbo-dynamos (dynamo-electric generators directly connected to steam-turbines).
1904Ibid. 21 May 945 Each of the..*turbo-electric units is of the vertical type. 1930Engineering 18 Apr. 513/3 Turbo-electric propulsion must exhibit an overwhelming superiority in reliability and maintenance cost to overcome the disadvantages. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 752/2 On most nuclear submarines reduction gears are used between the turbines and the propeller shaft; however, a few incorporate turbo-electric drive.
1903Electr. World & Engin. 25 July 147 Two groups of *turbo-exciters, of 110 h.p. each.
1902Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. App., *Turbo-generator, a generator coupled or geared to a high-speed steam turbine, and on the same base with it. 1911Evolution of Parsons Steam Turbine 30 This turbo-generator worked for many years.
1903Sci. Amer., Supp. 26 Sept. 23185 Steam-turbines are..analogous to hydraulic turbines, and form part of the general class which the author [Professor Rateau] will call ‘*turbo-machines’.
1969Gloss. Terms Vacuum Technol. (B.S.I.) 17 *Turbo-molecular pump, a molecular drag pump in which the rotor has inclined slots or blades moving between corresponding slots or blades in a stator. 1976Physics Bull. Nov. 499/2 The vacuum system is kept at 10–7 Torr by about 650 sputter ion pumps and 80 turbomolecular pumps.
1900Westm. Gaz. 7 Sept. 6/1 A torpedo-destroyer..driven through the water at the rate of forty-three miles an hour by the use of the *turbo-motor instead of reciprocating engines.
1903*Turbo-pump [see turbo-ventilator below]. 1947Aircraft Engin. Aug. 254/2 The turbo-pump assembly consists of a shaft carrying a single stage impulse steam turbine, on each side of which is a centrifugal pump. 1962F. I. Ordway Basic Astronautics x. 411 The turbopump proves to be the best means of pressurizing the propellants for large liquid rocket engines. The bipropellant turbopump consists of two centrifugal pumps and a gas turbine that supplies the driving power for the pumps. 1979Nature 11 Jan. 84/1 A fire in the high pressure turbo-pump that feeds oxygen into the combustion chamber caused the engine to explode.
1948Aviation Week 23 Feb. 36/2 *Turboramjet—A conventional turbojet engine with provision for reheating the gas between the turbine discharge and the exhaust nozzle. 1971P. J. McMahon Aircraft Propulsion iii. 119 At the moment the most promising fields of use for the turboramjet would seem to be those in air-breathing boosters for the launching of space vehicles.
1958P. H. Wilkinson Aircraft Engines of World 1958/59 31 Bristol-Siddeley Engines Ltd{ddd}is specializing in advanced turbojets, turboprops, *turboshafts, [etc.]. 1967Jane's Surface Skimmer Systems 1967–68 130/2 The GE LM1500 turboshaft engine is the result of a company investment in a programme to adapt the J79 jet engine to a free power turbine for commercial use. 1977I. M. Campbell Energy & Atmosphere vi. 127 The gas turbine engine used in aircraft under the names of turbojet, turboprop or turbofan, or in industrial or marine settings as a turboshaft engine.
1944P. H. Wilkinson Aircraft Engines of World 1944 34 The Boeing Flying Fortress B-17 (powered with a *turbo-supercharged engine). 1978Financial Times 20 Dec. 21/5 At the moment, Mercedes is unique in marketing a turbo-supercharged diesel car.
1938A. Swan Handbk. Aeronaut. (ed. 3) II. iv. 206 The inherent advantages of the *turbo supercharger are mainly centred around the fact that it possesses remarkable flexibility of speed control. 1971P. J. McMahon Aircraft Propulsion xi. 319 From the turbo-supercharger, it is a logical step to develop the fully compound engine. 1979Financial Rev. 14 June 29/1 *Turbosupercharging is very much in as far as motoring is concerned these days.
1966Time 27 May 52/3 Canadian National Railways..has now ordered five of the *turbotrains developed by the U.S.'s United Aircraft Corp... These light-weight, low-slung, turbojet-powered whiz-bangs should be able to clip nearly an hour off the present five-hour Montreal–Toronto run. 1978Times 9 June 1/8 The turbo-train between Strasbourg and Lyons.
1903Electr. World & Engin. 4 July 17 Prof. Rateau has installed *turbo-ventilators giving a pressure of half an atmosphere, and turbo-pumps with a lift of several hundred metres. |