| 释义 |
▪ I. turban, n.|ˈtɜːbən|
Forms: α. 6 tolipane, -epan, tolliban, tulbant, (tal-), 6–7 tuliban, tolibant, -e, tulipan, 7 tulipant, -e, tullipant, -band, tul-, (tel-)-bent, dulipan, tulban; β. 6 torbant, turribant, turbanto, 6–9 turbant, -band, 6–7 -bante, -bent, 7 -bond, -bat); γ. 7 turben, -bine, -bane, 6– turban.
[Altered form of Pers. dulbănd or dōlbănd, in vulgar Turkish pronounced tulbant, tul(i)pant, toli-, whence OIt. tolipante, tolipano, mod.It., Sp., Pg. turbante; obs. F. tolliban (15th c.), tulban, turbant (Cotgr.), F. turban; early mod.Du. turbant (Kilian), Du. tulband, Ger., Da., Sw. turban. It is not clear in which language the change of tul- to tur- took place; it may have been in S.W. India, or in Portuguese; we find it first in Hickock's translation of Cesar Frederick, who cites it from the Portuguese Indies. Tulipant, turbant, were the most usual English forms in 17th c.; turban was used by Johnson and Gibbon. See also tulip, which goes back to the same word.]
1. a. A head-dress of Muslim origin worn by men of Eastern nations, consisting of a cap round which is wound a long piece of linen, cotton, or silk.
(In quot. 1561, the tarboosh or fez as distinct from its wrapping.)
α1561A. Jenkinson Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) I. 132 Upon his head was a tolipane with a sharpe end standing upwards halfe a yard long, of riche cloth of golde, wrapped about with a piece of India silke of twentie yards long, wrought with golde, and on the left side of his tolipane stood a plume of feathers. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xx. 108 Kinsemen of Mahomet..doe weare a green Tulbant. Ibid. iv. iv. 116 Their custome is to weare a Talbant high topped before. 1588in Hakluyt Voy. (1600) III. 821 Died linen cloth folded vp like vnto a Turkes Tuliban. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xxiv. (Arb.) 291 The Turke and Persian to weare great tolibants of ten, fifteene, and twentie elles of linnen a peece vpon their heads. 1596Danett tr. Comines (1614) 296 They were not vppon their head such a great roule of linnen as the Turkes doe, called Tolliban. 1597Gerarde Herbal 117 Tulipan, Tolepan [see tulip 1]. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 160 On their heads they weare a blacke dulipan. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 201 Upon his tombe lieth..a little Turkish tulipant, much differing from those great turbants which the Turks now weare. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage iii. xi. 255 With a great Tullipant on his head. Ibid. xiv. 267 These weare greene Tulipans, which colour none else may weare, and that onely on their head. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 174 A round globe, which in their tongue is called a Tulbent. 1652H. L'Estrange Amer. no Jewes 57 A Cap of linnen somewhat full like a Turk's Turband or Tulliband. 1653Greaves Seraglio 129 The name of the stuff (as we call ours lawn, cambrick, holland, &c.) is Telbent; whence we (falsly) call that which a Turk wears a Turbant, using the name of the stuff for the thing made up. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 314 The Coeffure of the Men, which they call Mendils, and the Turks, Tulbans, or Turbants, is made of Cotton cloath, or some silk Stuff,..of several Colours. [1686tr. Chardin's Coronat. Solyman 40 A Dhul-bandt (which our Writers..erroneously call a Turbant).] 1688R. Holme Armoury iv. xi. (Roxb.) 440/2 In Egypt the great Sultan used a Tulipant or Turbat made of three score or more elles of thin stuffe diuersely folded.
β1588T. Hickock tr. Frederick's Voy. 5 The Torbants are made in Diu. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. xi. 28 Old Cybele,..Wearing a Diademe embattild wide With hundred turrets, like a Turribant. 1598R. Haydocke tr. Lomazzo ii. 124 Some of them beare blewe turbantes;..the Iewes beare them yeallow. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 168 With their turbents very white and cleane. 1607R. C[arew] tr. Estienne's World of Wonders 235 A Turkish turbant [margin or tolibante]. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iii. 6 The Gates of Monarches Are Arch'd so high, that Giants may iet through And keepe their impious Turbonds on. 1652Turband, 1653–86 Turbant, 1688 Turbat [see α]. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. xv. 427 They wear no Hat, Cap, nor Turbat, nor any thing to keep off the Sun. 1710Addison Tatler No. 161 ⁋9 Ignorance with a Turband upon her Head. 1735Johnson Lobo's Abyssinia, Voy. v. 30 He [the King].. with a Turbant on his Head, to which were fastned some Rings. 1839Monteith in Madras Jrnl. Lit. & Sc. X. 162 Dressed in their blue clothes and white turbands.
γ1597Gerarde Herbal 117 Turban, Turfan [see tulip 1]. 1623Cockeram, Turbine, a thing of linnen which the Turks weare on their heads. 1624Bedell Lett. iii. 78 There were also Turkish Turbanes, and Diadems of diuers fashions. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. iii. 37 The turban worn in the Indies is commonly little. 1755Johnson, Turban, turbant, turband. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) II. 77 The size of the head is encreased by a great variety of bandages, formed into a turban. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. lvii. V. 667 His ample turban was fashioned in the shape of a crown. 1803Med. Jrnl. X. 281 Oriental travellers, who exchange their hat for the turban, experience it to be a much cooler and more agreeable covering.
b. As the symbol of Islam, or of those who profess it.
1610Marcelline Triumphs Jas. I 74 Go generous Race, go gather Laurels..chase the Turbants from those Provinces. 1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. (1682) 55 Their Emperour commanded only the Turbants to be beaten. 1693Mem. Cnt. Teckely i. 13 The Turk..does not force the Transylvanians to take up the Turban. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. v. iii. 139 As he refused to wear the turbant, his younger brother..offered himself in his stead. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. lxxix, Though turbans now pollute Sophia's shrine, And Greece her very altars eyes in vain. 1878L. Villari Machiavelli (1898) I. iii. 160, I was better fitted for the turban than the cowl.
c. A figure or representation of a turban, e.g. on Muslim funeral monuments. Also in Her.
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 224 Five great Sepulchres, in one whereof a Basha is Interred, having his Turban cut in Marble, at one end of his Tomb. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Abbé Conti 29 May, They set up a pillar with a carved turbant on the top of it. 1720Strype Stow's Surv. (1754) II. v. xiv. 320/2 A Turk..upon his Head a Turbant, Argent..with a Tassel upon the Top, Gules. 1766Porny Elem. Her. (1787) 214 The Great-Turk bears over his arms a Turband..under two Coronets,..and the uppermost is surmounted with Crescents. 1844E. Warburton Crescent & Cross (1846) II. xvii. 249 A cemetery, whose sculptured turbans showed that the neighbouring village was Moslem. 1876[see turbaned b].
d. Applied to the head-dress of the ancient Jewish high priest.
1624Bp. Hall Imprese of God i. Wks. 442 An honourable Motto; such as was written vpon the תפנ{hebtsade}{hebmem}, the Turbant, of the High priest; Holinesse to the Lord. 1885Bible (R.V.) Exod. xxviii. 37 Upon the forefront of the mitre [marg. turban].
e. transf. and fig. Applied to a head-dress, or a head of hair, likened to a turban.
1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. i. i, A huge turbant of night⁓caps on his head, buckled over his eares. 1609Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 161 Obedience to Princes makes not for the Popes Triple Turbant. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xiii. 152 A sanctified Rascal of 7 Foot high,..with a large Turband of his own Hair wreathed about his Head. 1827H. Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 429 The woolly head of the Negro; who, without that light and natural turban, would [etc.].
f. Erroneously supposed to be worn by women of Eastern nations and Jewesses.
1805–6Campbell Turkish Lady vii, ‘Captive! could the brightest jewel From my turban set thee free?’ ‘Lady, no!’ 1819Scott Ivanhoe viii, Her [Rebecca's] form..was shewn to advantage by a sort of Eastern dress,..Her turban of yellow silk suited well with the darkness of her complexion. 1835Ladies' Cabinet Nov. 337 The Jewish style of coiffure, as copied from the daughters of Israel in their days of splendour, will be decidedly fashionable. We have seen already some turbans á l'Israelite,..that have been ordered by élegantes of high fashion.
g. Cookery. (See quot. 1911: perh. only as Fr.)
1846A. Soyer Cookery 514 Turban de Meringues glacé. Make a turban as directed in the last..fill the turban, at the moment of serving [etc.]. 1911Webster, Turban..5. Cookery. A drum-shaped case for entrées, fillets, etc.
2. a. A head-dress made to resemble or suggest the oriental turban, worn by ladies in Europe and America during the late 18th and the earlier part of the 19th c., and temporarily revived in 1908. Cf. turban-fold in 8.
1776Lady's Mag. Mar. 118/1 Ladies'..Hair..very..high..Turbans more the taste than caps. 1796F. Burney Camilla III. 325 Assuring her [the cap] was grown so old⁓fashioned, that not a lady's maid..would now be seen in it, she offered to pin her up a turban. 1823C'tess Blessington Sk. & Fragm. 59 Went to the Opera: wore my tissue turban. 1835Ladies' Cabinet Mar. 199 Hats and turbans are equally fashionable for ladies who do not dance. 1838Disraeli Corr. w. Sister (1886) 96 She was most becomingly dressed in a white turban of a very recherché construction. 1908Paris Fashions 15 Feb. 6/2 The large ‘de Stael’ turbans, such as are seen in old pictures, are being worn at the theatre.
b. A style of hair-dressing for women.
1909Daily Graphic 13 Oct. 13/3 The up-to-date turban..is in a loose wave wound round with a plain strand of smooth hair. Ibid., The turban coiffure. Ibid. 25 Oct. 13/3 The Revived Turban. Hair draped round head in turban fashion.
3. A bright-coloured cloth worn as a head-dress by Blacks (esp. women) in the West Indies and southern U.S.
1839Darwin Voy. Nat. i. (1879) 4 Their black skins and snow-white linen being set off by coloured turbans and large shawls. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xx, Miss Ophelia found Topsy with her very best scarlet India Canton crape shawl wound round her head for a turban. 1852Thackeray Esmond iii. iii, A..negro..with a bird of paradise in his turbant.
4. Name for a small brimless hat, or round cap with closely turned up brim, worn, chiefly by women and children, since about 1850.
1862[implied in turban-hat in 8]. 1865Melton Hints on Hats 53 The boating-hat of straw; the ‘turban’, or ‘pork⁓pie’; the fishing-cap, [etc.].
5. Zool. A name for certain species of echinoderms, esp. the genus Cidaris.
1713Petiver Aquat. Anim. Amboinæ Tab. viii, Echinus S. Diadema Turcarum... Turks Turband. 1837Penny Cycl. IX. 262/1 Fossil Echini... Subspheroidal species, more elevated than wide..(The Turbans). Example, Cidaris imperialis.
6. a. The spire or whorl of a twisted univalve shell. rare. b. A mollusc of the genus Turbo.
Taken to represent L. turbo; but confounded with turban.
1681Grew Musæum i. vi. i. 125 A Shell like the Oriental, with a Knobed Turban or Whirle. 1685Phil. Trans. XV. 1019 Fig. 3d. Represents the Shell in its true bigness,..there are six or seven spiral lines or Rounds in the Turban. 1815W. Wood Gen. Conchol. I. Dict. Terms 60 All the whirls, or spires, of a Univalve, taken collectively, are called the turban. 1819W. Turton Conchol. Dict. 198 Turbo petræus. Rock Turban.
7. Florist's name for cultivated varieties of Ranunculus; more fully Turk's turban.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 330 Turk's Turban, Ranunculus. 1882Standard 6 Nov. 1/8, 25 Ranunculi, scarlet turban. 25 Ranunculi, mixed turban.
8. attrib. and Comb., as turban-cap, turban-cloth, turban encrinite, turban-flower, turban-fold, † turban grout-head, turban hat, turban-roll, turban style, turban-wisp; turban-crested, turban-crowned, turban-like, turban-shaped, adjs.; turban-eye, a pillared eye, found in the males of some May-flies; turban gourd, a variety of Cucurbita maxima: cf. turban squash; turban-lily, the Siberian Lilium Pomponium, bearing deep-red spotted flowers and edible bulbs; turban-shell = 5, 6 b; turban squash, a variety of squash or pumpkin in which the fleshy receptacle does not extend over the ovary, which therefore protrudes so as to resemble a turban (Webster, 1911); turban-stone, a Muslim tombstone, a pillar having at the head the carved representation of a turban: cf. 1 c; turban swathe, in hair-dressing: cf. 2 b; turban-top, ? the Bishop's Mitre mushroom, Helvella Mitra; turban toque: see quot.; turban tumour Path., a rare benign tumour, probably of sweat glands, that spreads over the scalp or thorax in grape-like clusters.
1900Westm. Gaz. 15 Feb. 3/2 All toques, and especially those of tulle, had more or less the *turban build.
1881‘Rita’ Lady Coquette iii, She's got a *turban-cap to match it. 1900S. Weyman Sophia x, Sir Hervey's turban-cap and embroidered gown.
1877J. T. Beer Proph. Nineveh i. 17 My leather wallet and best *turban cloth.
1894M. Dyan All in a Man's K. i, The General's carriage, with its *turban-crested servants.
1822J. Parkinson Outl. Oryctol. 174 The vertebral column of the *turban Encrinite.
1907Nature 4 Apr. 541/2 These *turban-eyes are restricted to the males of these may-flies, which seek the females during flight in the gloaming.
1841Browning Pippa Passes Introd. 93 Fairies watch unroll Such *turban-flowers.
1898Daily News 31 May 6/4 *Turban folds of tulle are worn in the evening..at the opera. In one instance the turban was in palest blue.
1884De Candolle's Orig. Cultiv. Pl. 250 The principal varieties of Cucurbita maxima are the great yellow gourd,..the Spanish, the *turban gourd.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 39 Those *Turbanto grout-heads, that hang all men by the throates on Iron hookes.
1862Eng. Wom. Dom. Mag. IV. 237/1 The velvet *Turban Hats that are being worn by little boys. 1862C. M. Yonge C'tess Kate ix, Sylvia's face was exposed by a little turban hat. 1909Daily Graphic 20 Oct. 13/3 A swathed turban hat of pale blue velvet.
1900Dundee Advertiser 16 Apr. 4 Stalwart Zouaves..in their richly embroidered jackets, wide trousers, and quaint *turban-like headgear.
1884Miller Plant-n. 78 *Turban Lily, Lilium Pomponium.
1762Lond. Chron. XI. 167/3 The present *Turband Roll, which is now wore round the Mecklenburgh caps.
1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) IV. 181 Fungi. Agaricus..convex hemispherical,..at length *turban-shaped and viscid. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 738 The epiglottis..becoming enormously swollen and turban-shaped.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Turban-Shell, Cidaris,..the name of a genus of the echinodermata. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Turban⁓shell, a gastropod of the genus Turbo, or its shell.
1902L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Hort. IV. 1713/1 The *Turban Squashes..have a ‘Squash within a Squash’. 1949Nat. Geogr. Mag. Aug. 162/2 Several years ago a North Dakota horticulturist bred a small variety of turban squash. 1981Farmstead Mag. Winter 38/3 The last of the six types to be mentioned is the turban squash.
1872J. Fergusson Rude Stone Mon. x. 404 A headstone which, if it is not the *turban-stone that is usually found in Turkish tombs of modern date, is most singularly like it.
1909Punch 10 Nov. 326/1 Women are in revolt against the ‘*turban’ style of coiffure.
1912Daily News 13 Aug. 5 The imported ‘*Turban swathe’ has had a very short run.
1828Webster, *Turban-top, a plant of the genus Helvella; a kind of fungus or mushroom. Cyc.
1897Westm. Gaz. 18 Feb. 3/1 The *turban toque,..in form pertaining to the fez, is just encircled with twisted tulles and finished by some one note of height.
1903H. Radcliffe-Crocker Dis. of Skin (ed. 3) II. viii. 961 Sarcoma Capitis, or Endothelioma Capitis (*Turban tumours). A peculiar form of tumour, in rare instances attacks, and is limited to the hairy scalp; in extreme cases, covering the whole scalp like a wig. 1974J. D. Maynard in R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery ix. 196 Turban tumour... These rare tumours are sub-epithelial basal cell carcinomas, usually of sweat-gland origin which grow steadily and slowly, without ulceration or metastasis, on the scalp, face and thorax.
1899Westm. Gaz. 2 Dec. 2/1 He..could doze in a tree like a crow (the *turban-wisp passed round his body and tied to a branch steadied him from falling).
Hence turbaˈnesque a., having the appearance of a turban; turbaˈnette, a diminutive turban; ˈturbanless a., without or destitute of a turban; turban(n)y a., resembling or suggestive of a turban; ˈturbanwise adv., in the manner of a turban.
1840Browning Sordello i. 708 He Partook the poppy's red effrontery, Till Autumn spoiled their fleering quite with rain, And, turbanless, a coarse, brown, rattling crane Lay bare. 1882O'Donovan Merv Oasis xiii. (1884) 142 Not turban⁓wise, but rather as if it were applied as a bandage for some cranial injury. 1890Jessopp Trials Country Parson 64 Do you mean..that you will persist in sporting that emasculated felt turbanette? 1891Stevenson South Seas (1908) III. iii. 221 The hair is worn turban-wise in a frizzled bush. 1893Nat. Observer 25 Feb. 361/1 Caps, too—Greek, Byzantine, turbanesque—are popular vanities. 1912A. Huxley Let. 13 May (1969) 42 The banner bearers..wear marvellous uniforms—usually consisting of a..sort of turbanny object or a cocked hat..white breeches and highly polished top-boots. 1924E. Bowen in Spectator 5 July 11/1 Yes, but haven't you got any goldish sort of turbany thing?
▪ II. turban, v.|ˈtɜːbən|
[f. prec. n.]
a. trans. To envelop as or with a turban; also, to wind a cloth round (a cap).
1822Milman Belshazzar 108 The wreaths, like mist, That turban thy dusk brow. 1851G. W. Curtis Nile Notes xxv. 111 Long men and short, bald and grisly, capped and turbaned variously. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvi. 109 Clouds turbaned the head of the giant [mountain], and hid it from our view. 1876A. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. June 48 They wear skull-caps of felt, turbaned with cotton.
b. To wind in the form of a turban.
a1861T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) xvi. 151 A strip of old white blanket..was turbaned askew about his head. 1969Daily Tel. 20 Jan. 11 A long white and cream silk scarf turbanned round the head and floating free. |