| 释义 |
agro-|ˈægrəʊ|
comb. form of Gr. ἀγρός field, used chiefly to represent agriculture or agricultural a. a. More or less nonce-wds., as agro-based, agro-defensive, agro-despotic, agro-literate adjs.
1969National Herald (New Delhi) 29 July 5/2 *Agro-based industries can operate during off-peak hours.
1949Ann. Reg. 1948 208 The planting..of a large-scale system of so-called ‘*agro-defensive’ forest strips to conserve moisture, overcome the effect of dust storms, and prevent soil erosion. 1957K. A. Wittfogel Oriental Despotism 4 Under *agrodespotic conditions the managerial bureaucracy was the ruling class. 1983E. Gellner Nations & Nationalism ii. 9 In the characteristic *agro-literate polity, the ruling class forms a small minority of the population, rigidly separate from the great majority of direct agricultural producers, or peasants.
b. Special Combs. agrobiˈology, the study of the breeding, nutrition, and growth of crops, esp. in relation to soil management; hence ˌagrobioˈlogical a.; agrobiˈologist, an expert or specialist in agrobiology; ˈagrobusiness = agribusiness; also ˈagroˌbusinessman; agro-city: see agrogorod; agro-cliˈmatic a., of or pertaining to the relationship between climate and agriculture; agro-ecoˈlogical a., of or pertaining to the relationship between ecology and agriculture; agro-ecoˈnomic a., of or pertaining to agriculture as it relates to economics; so agro-eˈconomist; agroˈforestry, agriculture in which there is integrated management of trees or shrubs along with conventional crops or livestock; agro-mechaniˈzation, the action or process of making greater use of mechanization in agriculture, esp. in developing countries; ˌagrometeoˈrology (see quot. 1957); hence ˌagrometeoroˈlogical a., ˌagrometeoˈrologist, an expert or specialist in agrometeorology; agro-ˈpolitics n. pl., the politics of agriculture or agricultural produce; agrotechˈnology, the application of technology to agriculture; hence agrotechˈnologist, an expert or specialist in agrotechnology; agro-town: see agrogorod; also, a similar rural grouping in Italy.
1935O. W. Willcox Nations can live at Home p. ix, Details of *agrobiological calculations. 1937A. Huxley Ends & Means v. 45 No government has hitherto made any serious effort to apply modern agro-biological methods on a large scale. 1984Current Digest Soviet Press 20 June 1/1 Such generalizing indices of the state of the environment and natural resources as integral indexes of the quality (purity) of air and water and the agrobiological potential of soils.
1934O. W. Willcox Reshaping Agric. i. 13 Agricultural technology may never reach..the full condition of perfection foreseen for it by the *agrobiologists. 1937A. Huxley Ends & Means v. 44 A systematic exposition of the agro-biologist's case. 1984Fortune 23 Jan. 32/1 Lysenko, for those who have forgotten about the once eminent Ukrainian agrobiologist, was a crackpot and intellectual crook.
1934O. W. Willcox Reshaping Agric. ii. 31 So far as the purely mathematical principles of *agrobiology are concerned the soil can never be filled to a point beyond which some additional yield, however small, might not be obtained. 1937A. Huxley Ends & Means v. 44 According to experts trained in the techniques of modern agro-biology, imperialism has now lost one of its principal justifications. 1976Survey Summer–Autumn 71 The miracle in agrobiology promised in the very near future by the magician Lysenko.
1960Observer 13 Nov. 3/1 *Agrobusiness means the application to farming of the sort of radical, unsentimental thinking that goes into business. 1983Engin. News-Rec. 21 Apr. 24/2 Its thrust during the remaining years of the 1980s will continue to be on agrobusiness and energy development.
1961Britannica Bk. of Year 537/1 The closer association between agriculture and commerce gave..*agrobusinessman, chiefly represented by the poultry-farmer turned technologist, using all the aids of mechanization and big business. 1984Daily Tel. 2 Nov. 16/8 He observes with horror the activities of the ‘agrobusinessmen’, water authorities, power stations and litter louts, who are doing their best..to vandalise the countryside.
1937G. T. Selianinov World's Agro-Climatic Handbk. 52 The *agro-climatic belts are divided in thermal zones by the sufficiency of warmth during the growing season. 1960H. J. Critchfield Gen. Climatol. xiii. 340 Nuttonson has developed a series of agro-climatic analogues for North America by comparing climatic factors in different parts of the world. 1967J. Oliver in J. A. Taylor Weather & Agric. 187 (heading) Problems of agro-climatic relationships in Wales in the eighteenth century. 1981McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 80/2 Most research centers concentrate on a few major food crops adapted to a given agroclimatic zone.
1965Thran & Broekhuizen (title) *Agro-ecological atlas of cereal growing in Europe. 1978Nature 6 Apr. 486/3 The programme is designed to develop new quinoa varieties adapted to different agro-ecological production zones in Bolivia and elsewhere.
1958J. P. Bhattacharjee Sahajapur p. iii, The *Agro-Economic Research Centre for East India was started at the Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan in July, 1954. 1973Nature 13 July p. vii/2 (Advt.), Collection, processing and analysis of agro-economic data relating to the structure and operation of the rural economy.
1974Daily Tel. 5 Nov. 9/1 M. Rene Dumont, a French *agro-economist, said that last year one-third of all grains was consumed by cattle of rich countries. 1985Financial Times 13 May 2/4 Several newspapers and agro-economists have attacked Herr Ignaz Kiechele, the Farm Minister, for his refusal to offer a compromise on the European Commission's call for a 3.6 per cent price cut for grains.
1977J. G. Bene et al. Trees, Food & People 41 One of the objectives of *agroforestry is to ‘domesticate’ and upgrade shifting agriculture to maximize sustained production on less well-endowed land. 1979Canada Weekly 3 Jan. 4/2 Agroforestry can be practised on soils that are inherently infertile..or where climatic conditions are too extreme for ‘normal’ plant growth. 1984Forestry Abstr. XLV. 558/1 In agroforestry systems there are both ecological and economical interactions between the different components.
1974Daily News (Tanzania) 27 Sept. 1/2 Tanzania's march towards mechanised farming has been set in motion with the establishment of an *agro-mechanisation centre in Rufiji District. 1977Business Week (Industr. ed.) 29 Aug. 34f/2 Tractor rehabilitation centers will be built throughout the country [sc. Tanzania] to provide convenient repair facilities. ‘These agro-mechanization centers, which we hope to expand elsewhere, also provide the companies with long-term potential for developing their business.’
1962Wang & Barger Bibliogr. Agric. Meteorol. i. 19 (heading) *Agrometeorological organization and problems. 1980(title) Agrometeorological crop monitoring and forecasting (UN: FAO Plant Production & Protection Paper No. 17).
1963J.-Y. Wang Agric. Meteorol. i. 11 The *agrometeorologist must first formulate an accurate description of the physical environment and biological responses. 1974E. C. Stacey Peace Country Heritage ii. 71 Stock questions to any modern agrometeorologist.
1957J.-Y. Wang Evaluation Techniques Agrometeorol. (Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Wisconsin) 152 *Agrometeorology, a branch of applied meteorology which deals with weather and climate in their relation to agriculture. 1983R. A. Gommes (title) Pocket computers in agrometeorology.
1973Bulletin (Sydney) 25 Aug. 68/3 The prime requisites for leadership have been..some rustic ability as an emotional orator, and enough money to permit a virtual full-time role in *agro-politics. 1975Sunday Times 16 Mar. 72 The flavour makers bring world agro-politics right into the ordinary kitchen.
1980Summary World Broadcasts: Eastern Europe (B.B.C.) 12 Feb. a1/7 A total of 455 young Vietnamese have completed their training as agricultural machinery and motor mechanics, *agrotechnologists or skilled forestry workers. 1984Daily Tel. 19 Oct. 14/4 Agrotechnologists are planning to produce the perfect dairy cow by the year 2000.
1937J. D. Bernal in C. Day Lewis Mind in Chains 200 There is being built up in the Soviet Union an organised science unlike anything the world has seen before... Already in several fields its results are impressive, notably in aero-dynamics, in the study of the solid state and in *agrotechnology. 1981McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 80/1 An immense quantity of agrotechnology is currently being developed by a large number of national and international agricultural research centers for the resource- and technology-poor farmers of the tropics and subtropics.
1969Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. Apr. 121 Peasant agglomerations, the so-called ‘*agro-towns’ that may number several thousand inhabitants, are fairly common in southern Italy. 1971P. A. Allum Politics & Society Post-War Naples (1973) i. 28 Certain large peasant agro-towns (like Casoria, Marano and Marchianise, etc.) in which the population of the plain is concentrated.
Add:[b.] ˌagro-ˈecosystem, an ecosystem on agricultural land.
1968J. S. Kennedy in Jrnl. Appl. Ecol. V. 498 [Integrated pest control] is best suited, not to small-unit, complex *agro-ecosystems run by Farmer Giles, but to the most advanced ones manned by specialists. 1972Science 19 May 770/1 Management techniques directed toward the fullest utilization of natural insect mortality and other suppressive factors in any given agro-ecosystem. 1984McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 1985 75/1 Dairy farming and grazing systems are the only major two-trophic-level agroecosystems commonly left in developing countries.
Add:[b.] agroeˈcology, ecology as applied to agriculture.
1930Internat. Rev. Agric. Aug. 280 In *agroecology there will be taken into consideration all the factors which have an influence on the development and success of the crop. 1987S. B. Hecht in M. A. Altieri Agroecology i. 5 At the heart of agroecology is the idea that a crop field is an ecosystem in which ecological processes found in other formations..also occur. 1991New Age Jrnl. Apr. 12/2 She has gone to England to learn biodynamic gardening, apprenticed at local organic farms, and studied at the agro-ecology program at the University of California at Santa Cruz.
agroeˈcologist, an expert in or student of agroecology.
1930Internat. Rev. Agric. Aug. 279 All the kinds of plant adaptations occurring should be most carefully studied by the *agroecologist. 1987R. B. Norgaard in M. A. Altieri Agroecology ii. 21 Agroecologists are fascinated by agricultural systems that have evolved over centuries. 1991Discover Dec. 47/3 Agroecologists look for solutions to farmers' problems that are less ecologically and socially disruptive.
▸ agroterrorism n. activity intended to damage a country's agriculture, esp. the use of a biological agent against crops, livestock, etc., in order to disrupt or infect the food supply.
1994On-board Chemical Spraying at N.Z. Int'l Airports in soc.culture.new-zealand (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Sept. The only way to get bugs into OZ/NZ is by doing it on purpose—as a sort of *agro-terrorism. 2004Western Standard 27 Sept. 11 An agroterrorism attack can be virtually indistinguishable from natural outbreaks (of disease) and can be difficult to conclusively connect to a terrorist group.
▸ agro-tourism n. = agri-tourism n. at agri- comb. form Affix 2.
1987Trans. Instit. Brit. Geographers 12 145/1 Another alternative is the *agro-tourism being encouraged by the Minister of Agriculture in a programme initiated in 1985. 1994Leisure Managem. Sept. 39/1 In Slovakia too, agrotourism is one route to keeping the villages alive while also supporting their traditional lifeline—agriculture. 2005Trav. Weekly (Nexis) 25 Mar. 44 Already popular in Istria, agrotourism is now developing in Dalmatia. |