| 释义 |
tuning, vbl. n.|ˈtjuːnɪŋ|
[f. tune v. + -ing1.]
The action of the verb tune.
1. a. The action or process of putting an instrument in tune; a system according to which this is done (cf. temperament 10).
1554–5Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1871) II. 358 Item, to Sir Johne Fietie,..for tonying of the organis at Sanct Geillis day,..xxiiijs. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 72 The foolish Musitians..spent so much time in unseasonable tuning. 1655in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 5 The polyphon is an instrument of so different a stringing and tuning that [etc.]. 1787Thompson's Pat. in 6th Rep. Dep. Kpr. Pub. Rec. ii. 176 A perfect and compleat Machine or Instrument..for the more easy and expeditious tuning of Harpsichords, Piano Forts, Spinnets [etc.]. 1910Tovey in Encycl. Brit. III. 129/2 (Bach) With the object of stimulating tuning by ‘equal temperament’ instead of sacrificing the euphony of remoter keys to that of the more usual ones.
b. fig.: see tune v. 2.
1654Whitlock Zootomia 342 The Soule needs not more a well organiz'd Body, to exercise it Functions with spritely Vigor,.. than that Soule, and those Organs need the Tuneings of Education. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) II. 95 It might be agreeable..to enquire thus into the different tunings of the passions. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 273 Such a ‘tuning’ of pulpits and official houses..has been succeeded..by the influence of the press.
c. transf.: see tune v. 1 c, d. Also, the process of making adjustments to the engine of a motor vehicle so as to improve its performance.
1863E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 290 Yesterday we gave her what they call ‘a tuning’ in a rather heavy swell round Orford Ness. 1891Labour Commission Gloss., Tuning, a term used in Yorkshire synonymous with the term ‘tackling’..; it means repairing, &c. a loom when it breaks down and keeping it generally in order. 1916R. T. Nicholson Bk. Ford 151 With proper ‘tuning’, you ought..to get from 25 to 30 miles per gallon on give-and-take roads. 1939W. Hassan in Earl Howe et al. Motor Racing (Lonsdale Libr. XXVII) xv. 181 One of the most important items in the tuning of a racing car is the correct interpretation and application of the rules of the race for which it is being prepared. 1971C. Williams Car Conversions for Power & Speed v. 127 The most advanced tuning of all is found on racing engines, where the average small capacity unit may be producing more than twice the power of an equivalent engine in a road car.
d. The adjustment of a transmitter or receiver to a particular signal frequency or wavelength; variation of the resonant frequency of an oscillatory circuit. Also tuning in, the action of adjusting a radio set to a desired frequency; the selection (of a frequency) by this process; also transf.; tuning out, the cutting out (of a radio transmission) by tuning.
1899[see tune v. 1 c]. 1908Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1907 622 The various self-inductions and other arrangements for effecting tuning are similarly wound. 1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 113 If they have heard through a friend's set they..will have some inkling of the mysteries of tuning in and tuning out. 1929Radio Times 8 Nov. 386/1 Only three knobs..one for tuning, one for volume and one for wavelengths. 1934H. Jackson Maxims Bks. & Reading 9 Reading is nothing but tuning oneself in to a book in a spirit of reverential subjection. 1940Amer. Speech XV. 247 He allows nobody else to have anything to do with the tuning-in and the tuning-out (or the turning-off) of the radio programs. 1970J. Earl Tuners & Amplifiers iii. 73 Very accurate tuning is essential for good stereo reception. 1975D. G. Fink Electronics Engineers' Handbk. xxi. 11 The transmitter is designed for a minimum of tuning adjustment, and..all tuning can be performed from the front panel using only two controls. 1977Listener 17 Mar. 344/1 A furtive tuning-in to Radio 3.
2. a. The action of uttering musical sounds.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. B ij b, Musicke..is a knowledge of Tuning, which consists in sound and Song. 1610Attersoll Hist. Balak (N. & Q. 9th Ser. IV. 104/1) Many vse in their teaching..knocking of the Pulpit..fidling with the fingers, tuning with the voice. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 158 Sentimental and rapturous tunings that rise up..from eternity to eternity.
†b. The setting or determination of pitch in singing; the exercising of the voice in the correct pitch of the notes of the scale. Obs.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. Pref., Any of but meane capacitie, so they can but truely sing their tunings, which we commonly call the sixe notes. 1662Playford Skill Mus. i. xi. (1674) 42 The Tuning of the Voice in all the Notes.
3. With up: see tune v. 8.
1902Westm. Gaz. 24 Oct. 3/1 These chapters, however, form but a preliminary tuning-up,..and the first vigorous note is struck in the fourth chapter, ‘Dissent and Defoe’. 1908Ibid. 14 May 10/1 A new place had been provided for ‘tuning-up’..a long way from plaintiffs' houses.
4. attrib. and Comb. (sense 1 d) tuning circuit, tuning coil, tuning condenser, tuning indicator, tuning inductance, tuning knob, tuning meter; (all in sense 1): tuning-board, in the organ, a piece of wood screwed to one side of the top of an open wood pipe for tuning it; tuning-cone, a hollow cone of wood or metal used for tuning the metal flue-pipes of an organ; tuning-crook, (a) an implement used in tuning the reed-pipes of an organ; (b) in brass wind-instruments, = crook n. 8 a; tuning-funnel, = tuning-cone; tuning-hammer, a tuning-key for a piano, properly one with a double wooden head like that of a hammer, used for driving in the wrest-pins when new strings are fitted in; tuning-hole, in the organ, an opening near the top of a flue-pipe, adjustable by a flap (see tuner 2 c) so as to alter the pitch; tuning-horn, = tuning-cone; tuning-key, a key (key n.1 13 (b)) used for turning the wrest-pins in tuning a stringed instrument, as a piano or harp; tuning-knife, a long piece of steel used in tuning the reed-pipes of an organ (also called reed-knife); tuning-lever, = tuning-key; tuning-peg, -pin, one of the pegs round which the strings of a stringed instrument are passed, and by turning which they are tuned; a wrest-pin; tuning-screw, a screw used in tuning a musical instrument; tuning-slide, a slide in a metal wind-instrument, used to bring it into tune with other instruments in an orchestra; tuning-wire, in the organ, a bent wire in a reed-pipe, used in tuning; tuning-wrench, = tuning-key.
1852Seidel Organ 149 Open wood pipes have at their aperture a small board, called a *tuning-board.
1943C. L. Boltz Basic Radio xii. 195 We then put a coil in the aerial to earth circuit, and couple this inductively to the coil of the *tuning circuit.
1923Popular Wireless 13 Oct. (Suppl.) 1 Many wireless amateurs experience considerable difficulty in estimating the maximum wavelengths of their *tuning coils. 1978F. Maclean Take Nine Spies iv. 148 The copper wire needed for the tuning coils he managed..to buy in Tokyo.
1913Wireless World Apr. p. xxix, If the aerial *tuning condenser was set to its previous value and the tuning-switch (not the aerial tuning inductance) put to the second stop, the maximum signals were again obtained.
1881Broadhouse Mus. Acoustics 405 An organ-pipe is..slightly sharpened by pressing out the edges of its open end, as by the ‘*tuning cone’.
1852Seidel Organ 28 The screw-key (now used in tuning the reed-pipes instead of the *tuning-crook) is an invention of our own time.
Ibid. 149 With some open pewter pipes the *tuning-funnels cannot be used.
1801Busby Dict. Mus., *Tuning-hammer. 1805E. Thunder Specif. Patent No. 2811. 2 The top..is flattened to receive the tuning hammer.
1937F. E. Terman Radio Engin. (ed. 2) xiii. 559 A more recent development in *tuning indicators is a special miniature cathode-ray tube.
1913*Tuning inductance [see tuning condenser above].
1860All Year Round No. 68. 430 The *tuning-key of David's harp, which was shown at Erfurt.
1981Sunday Express (Colour Suppl.) 12 July 33/4 For a monthly subscription fee the *tuning knob of a British domestic TV set could then offer a dozen or more channels.
1889A. J. Hipkins in Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 189/2 The old way of tuning pianos by the Tuning Hammer (or a *Tuning Lever) remains in vogue.
1978N.Y. Times 30 Mar. b11/1 (Advt.), Model STA-52..includes..*tuning meter and a cabinet that's made of genuine walnut veneer.
1842S. Lover Handy Andy xv, Having adjusted the blue ribbon over her shoulder, and twisted the *tuning-pegs, and thrummed upon the wires for some time.
1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Tuning-pin. 1896A. J. Hipkins Pianoforte 13 The Wrest-plank..is the plank or block in which the wrest or tuning-pins are inserted.
1872Ellacombe Ch. Bells Devon etc. 208 There was in the *tuning room a peal of eight bells.
1852Seidel Organ 153 Some organ-builders provide reed-pipes with a *tuning-screw instead of a tuning-crook.
1885*Tuning-slide [see shank n. 5 w]. 1961A. C. Baines Mus. Instruments 358 Tuning slide, in wind instruments, a part of the tubing that is made extensible for the purposes of tuning.
1876–98Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 345/1 A reed-pipe consists of a boot, block, reed, tongue, wedge, *tuning wire, and tube. |