| 释义 |
▪ I. gate, n.1|geɪt|
Forms: α. 1 ᵹeat, ᵹet (Northumb. ᵹæt, ᵹeat(t), 2–4 ȝeat, (3 giate), 2–6 ȝet, 3–5 ȝat(t)e, 3–5, 6–9 dial. yat(t)e, 4–6 yhate, -et, ȝett, 5–6 yet(e, 7–9 dial. yeat(t, 6– Sc. yett. β. (1 pl. gatu), 2–6 gat, (4 gatte, 5 gaytt, 6 gaat), 3– gate.
[OE. ᵹeat str. neut., corresponds formally to OFris. gat, jet, hole, opening, OS. gat eye of a needle (LG. and Du. gat gap, hole, breach), ON. gat (see gat1):—OTeut. type *gatom. The word is wanting in Goth. and HG.
The ulterior etymology is obscure. Some scholars refer the word to the root of get v., supposing the etymological sense to be either ‘receptable’ (hence ‘cavity’, ‘hole’, ‘opening’) or ‘means of reaching’ (hence ‘way of access’). It is however very uncertain whether it is allied either to get or to gate n.2
The original OE. declension was gæt, gætes, gæte in the sing., and gatu, -a, -um in the plur., according to the phonetic law by which a became æ exc. when a back vowel followed in the next syllable. Subsequently the g (= ɣ) before æ became palatalized, and the influence of the palatal ᵹ caused the change of æ into ea. Hence the stem assumed the two forms ᵹeat- and gat-, which are respectively represented by the α and β types in the later language. In late OE. the functional distinction between the two types was already disappearing through the operation of analogy, so that we find such forms as gates, gate (sing.) and ᵹeatu, ᵹeatum (pl.); in Mercian the forms geatu, -um (with guttural) are earlier, being due not to analogy but to the phonetic laws of the dialect. In ME. the αforms are universal in northern and in north- and west-midland writers, and also prevailed in the s.w. (Robert of Gloucester, the South-Eng. Legendary, etc.); the MSS. of Chaucer have gate in some passages and ȝate in others. Since the 16th c. gate has been the sole form in literary English; dialectally the forms with y remain in northern and north-midland districts, so far as they have not been displaced by the influence of the literary language; occasionally they are found surviving elsewhere, as in N. Devon and at Banbury (Ellis Phonol. Eng. Dialects).]
1. An opening in a wall, made for the purpose of entrance and exit, and capable of being closed by a movable barrier, the existence of which is usually implied; said with reference to a city or other enclosure, or the enclosure-wall of a large building, formerly also to the bulding itself, where door or doors is now commonly employed.
α778Charter in Birch Cartul. Saxon. I. 315 Et eodem septo to hadfeld ᵹeate. et eodem septo to baggan ᵹete. c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. ix. [xi.] (1890) 184 Ond heo sona þæt ᵹeat þæs mynstres ontynde. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. vii. 13 Gangað inn þurh þæt nearwe ᵹeat. c1175Lamb. Hom. 141 He com among his disciples þer þe ȝeten were ilokene. a1225Ancr. R. 424 Þe oðer beo euer inne, ne wiðute þe ȝeate ne go heo wiðute leaue. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 4296 Þe lyoun goþ to play wiþouten þe ȝat In pais wiþouten vilanie. c1450Merlin 78 We driven the remenaunt in at the yates. 1552Lyndesay Monarche 5964, I stude, naikit att ȝour ȝett. 1592in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 98 Kepinge the yate of the church yeord open. 1695A. de la Pryme Diary (Surtees) 77 You may go through this yate, and along the field side. 1802Anderson Cumbld. Ball., Impatient Lassie v, He steeks the faul yeat softly tui. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 142 Across and recross, backwards and forrits, out ae yett and in at anither. 1865G. Macdonald A. Forbes III. 14 He's oot at the back yett and awa'!
β971Blickl. Hom. 241 Hi betyndon þære ceastre gatu. a1175Cott. Hom. 231 Gief he fend were me sceolden anon eter [= at the] gat ȝemete mid gode repples. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 183 With grete duble cheynes drauhen ouer þe gate. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xiii. 47 And whan the peuple was plener come the porter vnpynnede the gate. c1440Promp. Parv. 188/2 Gate, or ȝate (P. yate), porta. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 9 b, I made a square wall..with a great gate, for the bringing in of my cariages. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. ii. 274 Brutus and Cassius Are rid like Madmen through the Gates of Rome. 1670Cotton Espernon ii. vi. 244 The Ladies Coach so stopt the Gate, that the Duke's could not possibly pass. 1722De Foe Plague (1884) 179 You see here is a Gate, and..we make them pay Toll. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour IV. 75 The gate of S. Martin was erected after the designs of Peter Bullet in 1674. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 47 The gates were closed at nine o'clock, and on no pretext opened after that hour.
2. In Biblical phraseology, after Hebrew; ellipt. for gate(s of the city as a place of judicial assembly.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxviii. 13 [lxix. 12] Ða ðe setun in ᵹete. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxxvi. 6 [cxxvii. 5] Þonne he on gaton greteð his grame feondas. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxii. 7 Knyȝtes shul sette ther setes in the ȝate. 1535Coverdale Ruth iv. i, Boos wente vp to y⊇ gate, and sate him downe there. 1656J. Harrington Oceana (1700) 161 Her Husband is known (by his Robes) in the Gates, when he sits among the Senators of the Land. 1837Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) IV. 225 O for one hour of old Oliver, to talk with the royal miscreant in the gate! 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 194 The gate is the well-known place of concourse where judgment was given. 1865J. Fergusson Hist. Archit. I. 175 Nor can it be doubted that this [ruin at Persepolis] is one of those buildings so frequently mentioned in the Bible as a ‘gate’, not the door of a city or buildings, but a gate of justice.
3. Phrases.
a. at the gate: fig., close at hand.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2000 For when þe dede es at þe yhate, Þan es he warned over late.
b. the gate(s of heaven, hell, paradise, where the word may originally have been apprehended in a material sense. Also the gate(s of death, used to denote a near approach to death (cf. death n. 14).
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 18 Ofer þisne stan ic timbriᵹe mine cyricean and helle gatu [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. gate] ne maᵹon ongen þa. c1175Lamb. Hom. 41 He him sceawede haȝe treon eisliche beorninde et-foren helle ȝete. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 Þe giate of paradis is opened to-genes hem. a1300Cursor M. 3783 Open him thoght þe ȝate of heuen. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2127 Þou ert he Þat fra þe yhates of dede liftes me. c1400Apol. Loll. 56 Þe ȝats of helle schal not be miȝty aȝen þe. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) viii. 29 Þai er þe entreez and þe ȝ ates of hell. c1460Towneley Myst. vi. 40 And now is here none othere gate, Bot godis howse and heuens yate. 1662Bk. Com. Prayer Collect Easter Even, That through the grave, and gate of death, we may pass to our joyful resurrection. 1678Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 50 Lord Rochester hath bin att the gates of death. 1820Keats Hyperion iii. 126 Most like the struggle at the gate of death. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 4 To each alike of the countless orthodox sects his name is the symbol for the prevailing of the gates of hell.
†c. the gate (of the great Turk): the Turkish court or government; the Porte. Obs.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. cxxi. 97 b, Followe the court of the great Lord (which they call the gate). 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 129 note, The gate of the great Turke, is as much to say, as Constantinople: the which they call in the Turkish language Stanboll.
4. transf. An entrance into a country through mountains; a mountain-pass. Also pl. Cf. Gr. πύλη, L. porta.
1601Holland Pliny I. 121 They tooke it that those gates of Caucasus whereof we spake before, were the Caspian gates. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece i. xvi. (1715) 89 A strait narrow passage, and, as it were, a Gate, or Inlet into the Country. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 393 The Easterns, as well as the Greeks and Latins, used the word ‘gate’ or ‘doors’ of the mountain-passes, which gave an access to a land, but which might be held against an enemy. 1877C. D. Warner Levant xii. 175 We dashed down the gate of a magnificent cañon.
5. fig.
a. A means of entrance or exit; said e.g. of the five senses. Phrase to open a gate for or to: to provide facility or opportunity for. the ivory gate, the gate of horn: in Greek legend, those through which false and true dreams respectively come forth. Cf. door 3.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 127 Hwet beoð þas .vii. ȝeate? Ðet beoð ure eȝan and ure neose and ure muð and ure earan. a1300Cursor M. 10146 (Cott.) Þat mari, Þat was þe gat [other texts ȝate, yate] of vr merci. 1390Gower Conf. A. III. 29 And thus min eye is made the gate, Through which the deinties of my thought Of lust ben to min herte brought. c1416Hoccleve Poems (1892) 62 Benigne lige Lord! o hauene and yate Of our confort. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 274 Þise arn þe wyndowys of þe body, & þe gatys of þe soule. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. 7 The yate of grace is opened to al that aske thenne to entree. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 76 The hearynge, the touchynge, the tastynge, & the smellynge, whiche with y⊇ syght, be as fyue gates, by the whiche the ennemy sendeth in..[his] messages..to the soule. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 187 Although the gate of a conquest were opened, yet it was shut agayn. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iv. i. 106 For thee Ile locke vp all the gates of Loue. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 690 Auria had don nothing but wisely & politickly, in..opening a gate for a long war. 1623Drummond of Hawthornden Cypress Grove Wks. (1711) 117 What sweet contentments doth the soul enjoy by the senses! They are the gates and windows of its knowledge. 1625Bacon Ess., Superstit. (Arb.) 347 The Fauoring too much of good Intentions, which openeth the gate to Conceits and Nouelties. 1738Glover Leonidas i. 153 To guard the gates of Greece, which open stand. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. 9 The Bosphorus and the Hellespont may be considered as the two gates of Constantinople. 1831Macaulay Ess., Hampden (1880) 204 Then he [Laud] dreamed that he turned Papist; of all his dreams the only one, we suspect, which came through the gate of horn. 1866B. Taylor Poems, Wayside Dream 74 The gates of Slumber fold. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. Apol., Let it suffice me that my murmuring rhyme Beats with light wing against the ivory gate.
b. to get the gate, to be dismissed, rejected or jilted; so to give (someone) the gate. slang (orig. and chiefly U.S.).
1918Diary 26 Mar. in Wine, Women & War (1926) 52 Col. Y― slated to get the gate. 1918H. C. Witwer From Baseball to Boches iv. 143 ‘I wanna speak to you in private, Jeanne,’ I says to her. ‘Give this hick the gate!’ 1922S. Lewis Babbitt viii. 119 If any of us were to indulge in it here, he'd get the gate so fast it would make his head swim. 1930Wodehouse Very Good, Jeeves! x. 263, I don't believe there's a female in the world who could see Uncle George fairly often in those waistcoats without feeling that it was due to her better self to give him the gate. 1951Sat. Even. Post 8 Dec. 44/1 There's no reason why he should be fired..or given the gate. 1971E. Fenwick Impeccable People viii. 47 She billed you for an extra month because Monnie gave her the gate.
c. The mouth. slang.
1937in Partridge Dict. Slang 318/1 1955 P. Wildeblood Against Law 98 Eats sweets... Unwraps them as slowly as he can, and then pops them into his gate, all gloating like. 1963‘A. Garve’ Sea Monks iii. 85 Macey pointed the gun at him... ‘You keep your gate shut, big boy.’ 1966B. Naughton Alfie viii. 54 Shut your big ugly gate at once.
d. [See quot. 1937, but perh. a shortening of alligator.] A person, esp. a jazz-musician; = cat n.1 2 c; freq. used as a form of address. U.S. slang.
1937L. Armstrong Swing that Music vii. 77 When I was a kid..they started calling me ‘Gate-mouth’... I started calling the other boys ‘Gate’ too... Then I got used to saying it and when I got into Kid Ory's band when the boys were all swinging good and hot, I would sing out, ‘Swing it, Gate’..and now ‘Gate’ is a word swing players use when they call out to one another in their own language. 1939Collier's 8 Apr. 33/3 You've handicapped your tunes with stuff no gate wants to play. 1952B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. (1958) 351 Gate, once (and occasionally used after the swing era) synonymous with jazz musician.
6. a. The barrier itself; a framework of wood or iron either consisting of bars, gratings, etc., or with a solid face, turning on pivots or hinges, or sliding in a groove, and used either in a pair or singly. For five-, six-bar(red gate see five C. 1, six.
c1000ælfric Judges xvi. 3 Samson..ᵹenam þa burᵹ⁓gatu and ᵹ ebær on his hricᵹe mid þam postum. a1300Cursor M. 7185 Sampson, þat was selcuth wight..bar þe yates o þe tun, And laid þam on a hei dun. 1543Ludlow Churchw. Acc. (Camden) 13, ij. hasp for the same yatt. c1600Shakes. Sonn. lxv, Rocks impregnable are not so stout, Nor gates of steel so strong, but Time decays. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 164 They strain to lead the Field, top the barr'd Gate, O'er the deep Ditch exulting Bound. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xiii, We made up to an iron gate, through which my companion told me we were to pass. 1805G. M'Indoe Million of Potatoes 151 The laird look'd ower the yett. 1820Scott Monast. (1830) II. xvi. 250 It would be an unco task to mend the yetts. 1848Dickens Dombey vii, An immense pair of gates, with an immense pair of lion-headed knockers on them.
b. A contrivance for stopping or regulating the passage of water. (Cf. flood-, lock-, sluice-gate.)
1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 153 The Costes and Expences of makyng the Gates of the Dokke aforsaid. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xii, This canal..passes..hills by the help of sluices and gates. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Gate, the valve which admits the water to the bucket of the Water-wheel.
c. spec. A starting-gate.
1928Daily Mail 25 July 14/1 Drift has hitherto been a disappointment. She is bad at the gate. 1963Sunday Mirror (Sydney) 20 Jan. 43/1 Gili.. was actually the first to hit the ground when the gates opened.
d. Cricket. The space between the bat and the batsman's body; formerly also, the wicket.
1851W. Bolland Cricket Notes v. 108 His ‘Gates’ fell as flat as my hand. Ibid. 109 Upon the earliest appearance of the game in Ireland, the people applied the word Gate instead of Wicket. 1958Times 17 Dec. 3/1 He [sc. the batsman] is on his way back to the pavilion bowled through the ‘gate’. 1966E. R. Dexter Ted Dexter Declares ii. 22 If you're out, bowled through the gate.
e. A numbered entrance to the apron of an airport.
1956J. Stroud Famous Airports of World v. 70 Each building will have one or two of these ‘fingers’ [sc. finger-like walkways] and each of these will have eight or more gates leading to the aircraft. 1969J. Elliot Duel i. iv. 79 We're called at gate two; we might as well go over. 1971F. Raphael Who were you with last night? 168 We were standing around like passengers who've had their flight called but haven't been told which gate number.
7. Payment at a toll-gate.
1812P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 46 Coal..5s. 6d. a cart-load, free of gates and everything.
8. techn.
a. (Locksmithing) One of the apertures in the tumblers for the passage of the stub.
1874in Knight Dict. Mech. I. 958.
b. A frame in which a saw or set of saws is stretched to prevent buckling. U.S.
1815D. Drake Cincinnati iii. 145 The engine drives four saws in separate gates. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Sash-saw, a mill-saw strained in a gate, or sash, as it is sometimes called, from the resemblance of its stiles and rails to the frame of a window-sash.
c. Lace-manuf. (See quot.)
1839Ure Dict. Arts etc. 733 The term gauge, in the lace manufacture, means the number of gates, slits, or interstices, in one inch of the bolt-bar or comb.
d. An arrangement of slots, usu. in the shape of the letter H, through which the lever of a gear-box is moved to engage different gears. Freq. attrib. and Comb.
1906Westm. Gaz. 23 Jan. 4/2 The advantage of the gate change is..its simplicity and certainty. 1906Daily Chron. 14 Nov. 9/3 The ‘gate’ system of gear changing. 1908Westm. Gaz. 28 May 4/2 The two motions that an ordinary gate-quadrant necessitates. Ibid. 14 Nov. 15/2 Four speeds operated through a gate. 1928Daily Express 11 Oct. 1/2 The gear lever can be shifted through the gate at will according to the road and traffic. 1956C. Monday Centre Lathe Work i. 29 A yoke holds B and C in contact, and is extended to form an operating handle which fits into a gate on the outside of the gearbox. 1957S. Moss In Track of Speed xi. 137, I fumbled the five speed gear box until I got used to it. The reason for this was that the gate change was back to front to what was usual. 1967A. Diment Dolly Dolly Spy i. 8 Only put the throttles through the gate in a dire emergency.
e. The mechanism in a cinematographic camera or projector that holds each frame momentarily behind the lens.
1909Statutory Rules & Orders 12 The film gate shall be of massive construction and provided with ample heat radiating surface. 1915B. E. Jones Cinematogr. Bk. i. 6 The radio of speed at which the film passes the gate will be found to be 50 ft. in one minute. Ibid. iii. 14 The function of the gate is to keep the film flat and steady during exposure. 1951G. H. Sewell Amateur Film-Making (ed. 2) iii. 22 The camera is an instrument whose function is to hold a supply of film, feed this to a position behind the lens known as the ‘gate’ of the instrument, move it intermittently past this gate, [etc.].
f. Electronics. An electrical signal that is used to trigger or control the passage of other signals in a circuit; a gate pulse.
1946Jrnl. Appl. Physics XVII. 954/1 The ideal system would be to have an infinitesimal gate come right at the maximum of the rectified pulse. 1947H. B. Abajian in J. S. Hall Radar Aids to Navig. iii. vii. 205 The timing circuits of the system..provide a rectangular pulse, called a ‘gate’, coincident in time with the desired signal to switch on a normally cutoff section of the receiver. 1959Rider & Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscill. (ed. 2) vii. 50/2 The control of the negative gate is such that for recurrent sweeps it is periodically applied to the pentode, where it causes a longer period of tube nonconduction as compared to tube conduction.
g. Electronics. A circuit with one output and a number of inputs, the output signal of which is determined by the combination of signals applied to the inputs.
1946Electronics May 144/3 It is with the gate circuit, or switching unit, that the present discussion deals... The gate shown was simply substituted for the existing gate of the chronograph. 1948Ibid. Sept. 114/3 A gate is essentially a device having two inputs and one output... Logically the gate detects the AND concept. 1964C. Dent Quantity Surveying by Computer iii. 23 Multiplication and division are carried out in a similar manner, circuits employing such devices as ‘gates’..and ‘flip-flops’, being used to control and hold the binary digits.
h. Electronics. The material in a unipolar transistor forming the electrodes to which the input signal is applied, corresponding to the grid of a thermionic valve.
1952W. Shockley in Proc. Inst. Radio Engineers Nov. 1368/1 The principles of operation of the unipolar transistor are substantially different from those of the bipolar types. For this reason, it seems appropriate to consider choosing a new set of names for the three terminals... The choice selected is ‘source’.., ‘drain’.., and ‘gate’ for the control electrodes that modulate the channel. One reason for selecting ‘gate’..is that the subscript ‘g’ is reminiscent of ‘grid’ and the analogy is close between the two. 1959J. N. Shive Semiconductor Devices xiii. 237 The gates act like the control grid wires in that the voltage applied to the gates determines the width of the channel through which source-to-drain current may flow. 1970D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xii. 304 In normal operation the gate [of a field effect transistor] must always be reverse biassed with respect to source and drain.
9. University slang. pl. ? The hour fixed for return to college. ? Obs.
1856‘C. Bede’ Tales Coll. Life i. 19 That's the ticket! that will just land me in time for Gates.
10. a. The total number of persons entering by payment at the gates, to see an athletic contest, football match, etc.
1888Leeds Even. Express 10 Jan., Large football ‘gates’ are not an unusual thing in Yorkshire. 1890Whitby Gaz. 24 Jan. 3/1 At the Hull match played on Saturday the gate was not half so large. 1894Times 15 Sept. 6/4 They..can rely on gates of 10,000 or more at every important match they play.
b. The amount of money thus received; = gate-money (see 13).
1891Daily Tel. 21 Mar. 3/2 The leading clubs are now..dependent for revenue on the ‘gates’ at the matches. 1894Times 23 Mar. 10/2 The Middlesex executive determined to give the Whit Monday ‘gate’ to the famous Notts wicket-keeper.
11. Short for Billingsgate, Newgate, etc.
1722De Foe Col. Jack (1840) 44 The collier-masters generally sell their coals at the gate [? Billingsgate] as they call it. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 255 Of very ready sale are ‘fish got from the gate’ (stolen from Billingsgate). 1877Five Yrs.' Penal Servit. i. 5 The ‘steel’, a slang name of the large metropolitan prisons, as the ‘gate’ is for Newgate.
12. attrib. and Comb., as gate-bolt, gate-opener, gate-toll, gate-tower, gate-wright; † gatewise adv.
1845Browning How they brought the Good News i. 3 ‘Good speed!’ cried the watch, as the *gate-bolts undrew.
1826T. Moore Mem. (1854) V. 94, I..was *gate-opener to the party all the way.
1892Daily News 6 Apr. 5/4 They are known as ‘through’ or ‘*gate’ tolls.
1842Sir A. De Vere Song of Faith 191 And *gate-towers, mouldering where the stream moans by. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge III. 285 Every..gate-tower in Oxford follows Wykeham's in the absence of angle-turrets..with the sole exception of Christ Church.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xii. 267 A third stone somewhat of lesse quantity laid *gate-wise ouerthwart on their toppes.
1816T. Parker Ess. Turnpike Gate 20 The *gate-wright having planed and prepared the scantlings.
13. Special comb., as gate-alms, alms given by monks at the gate of a monastery; gate-bill (at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge), a record of the times at which a man returns to college (or lodgings) after hours; also, the weekly account of fines charged against a man for staying out late; gate-boot (see quot. 1877 and cf. boot n. II. 5 b); gate-chamber (see quot.); gate-cheek = cheek n. II. 9; gate circuit = gate n.1 8 g; gate city U.S., a city placed at the entrance to a district; spec. (with capital initials) applied to Atlanta, Keokuk, Kansas City, etc.; gate-fine, at a university, a fine imposed for failing to be within the College gates by a certain hour; gatefold, ‘a folded insert (as a map) in a book or other publication larger in some dimension than the page’ (1961 Webster); also, a similar piece of folded paper or other material; gate-head = gateway; gate-hook (see quot.); gate-leg, -legged a., designating a table with a leg or legs set in a gate-like frame which may be swung back to allow the leaves to be shut down; gate-lodge, a lodge (lodge n. 3) at the gate of the grounds belonging to a mansion, etc.; gate pulse Electronics, a pulse that allows a gate circuit to pass a signal; = gate n.1 8 f; gate receipts = gate-money; gate(s-man, a gate-keeper, esp. at level crossings on railways; gate-meeting, a race or athletic meeting to which admission is given on payment at the gate; gate-money, (a) money paid at the gates for admission to an athletic meeting, etc.; also transf.; (b) money charged on a gate-bill; gate-net, a net hung loosely across a gateway, for the purpose of catching hares driven at night; also attrib.; so gate-netting vbl. n. and pres. pple.; gate-penny, ‘a tribute paid by the customary tenants for leave to pass through one or more of their lord's gates’ (Cassell); † gate-room, a lodge at the gate of an estate; gate-saw (see quot.); † gate-stang (see quot.); gate-stead, a gate-way; gate-table, a gate-leg table; gate-valve, a valve in which a sliding part controls the extent of the aperture; gate-vein, the Vena portæ (obs. exc. fig.); gate-wheel, a wheel operating the gates protecting a level crossing; gate-works, fortifications at the gate of a town, etc.
1896T. Blashill Sutton-in-Holderness 56 Considerable gifts that had been settled on the monastery for the *gate-alms.
1803Gradus ad Cantab. (1824) 128 To avoid *gate-bills he will be out at night as late as he pleases..climb over the College walls, and fee his Gyp well. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green xi, Our freshman became aware of the mysteries of a gate-bill.
1716in N.W. Linc. Gloss. s.v., To have, perceive, and take..sufficient houseboot, hedge⁓boot..*Gateboot, and Stakeboot. 1877Ibid., Gateboot, the right of cutting wood for making gates.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. 959/1 *Gate-chamber (Hydraulic Engineering), a recess in the side wall of a canal-lock, which receives the opened gate, so that it shall not project into the lock-chamber.
1513Douglas æneis vii. xi. 52 Strang *ȝet⁓cheikis of weirfayr and battale Straik dovne. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1829) 12 He lodges in Andrew Haddentoun's at the yett-cheek.
1945Electronics Dec. 135/1 The timing circuit is controlled by the counter and its associated *gate circuit.
1859Ladies' Repository XIX. 51/2 Keokuk, Iowa, is the ‘*Gate City’—a translation, I believe, of its Indian name. 1865Atlanta Daily Intelligencer 1 Oct. 2/1 Atlanta, the ‘Gate City’ of the South. 1887Courier-Journal (Louisville, Ky.) 8 May 9/16 He enters the new South through the gate city. Louisville is to the South what Chicago is to the Northwest. 1909‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny 348 In the Gate City of the South the Confederate Veterans were reuniting.
1898Chambers's Dict. 377/2 *Gate-fine, the fine imposed for disobedience to such orders. 1963Nation 4 May 18/1 They were even less real than the *gatefold girls in ‘Playboy’. 1963‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) ii. 19 There were seventy dollars in cash in the wallet... Carella found the photographs in the gatefold. 1965Spectator 5 Mar. 308/3 The Consumer Council's eight-page gatefold leaflet on ‘How to say ‘No’ to a doorstep salesman’. 1968Punch 6 Mar. 325/2, I don't think we are in danger of seeing a Modigliani in the gatefold pin-up section of Playboy.
1718F. Hutchinson Witchcraft 147 The cart was set fast in a *Gate-head, though it did not touch the Posts.
1847–78Halliwell, Thimble, the boll of a *gate-hook on which the gate turns. Staff. 1874Knight Dict. Mech. 959/1 Gate-hook, a gate-hook is that part of a gate-hinge which is driven into the post and sustains the leaf attached to the gate.
1905A. Hayden Chats Old Furnit. 25 *Gate-leg table. This term is self-explanatory. The legs of this class of table open like a gate. They belong to Jacobean days and are sometimes spoken of as Cromwellian tables. 1924‘J. Sutherland’ Circle of Stars viii. 64 An oak gate-leg table holding books and flowers. 1962Williamsburg Reproductions Catal. 6/2 Among the most admired furnishings in the Governor's Palace is the oval gate-leg table in the supper room.
1903Connoisseur V. xix (Advt.), Oak *gate-legged table. 1919W. Deeping Second Youth iii. 28 A gate-legged table in the hall. 1971D. Francis Bonecrack i. 13 The furniture..consisted of an uninspiring three piece suite.., a gate-legged table, a standard lamp.
1922Joyce Ulysses 697 A baronial hall with *gatelodge and carriage drive. 1938L. MacNeice Earth Compels 8 A Yorkshire terrier ran in and out by the gate-lodge.
1796M. Robinson Angelina I. 32 ‘Here's health and prosperity to all’, said the old *gate-man. 1870Daily News 19 Dec., Notwithstanding the efforts of the gate-man, the fellow succeeded in getting his horse and cart upon the line. 1884Pall Mall G. 27 Dec. 4/1 The gate-men..do not open their gates until the train has completely stopped.
1881Daily News 14 July 5/3 Few of these athletes care to compete at *gate-meetings.
1820Sporting Mag. VI. 190 Some demur took place respecting the division of what is termed the *gate money. 1887Times 20 Sept. 9 We do not know exactly what control those who pocket the gate-money have over the performers. 1889G. B. Shaw London Music 1888–89 (1937) 118 A host of strangers who never did and never will contribute a farthing to the gate money upon which music depends for her living. 1920Hibbert Jrnl. July 715 Now that paintings may only be seen behind barriers by paying gate-money, there is ‘no demand for that sort of thing’. 1961E. Williams George xix. 302 After..9.20 nobody's allowed out, and if we are out already, on our battels—our bills—we're charged gate-money, so much every half-hour, mounting till 12.20.
1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest xviii. §9 (1615) 135 Any Buckstall or Engin, Hayes, *Gatenets [printed Gatenents], Pursenets, Ferrets or Conie⁓dogges. 1892Athenæum 4 June 723/2 He was..engaged in night poaching for hares with lurchers and gate-nets. 1892Autobiog. Eng. Gamekeeper (J. Wilkins) 239 They poked their gate net stick into the ditch, and I felt it scrape over my legs.
Ibid. 222 A great dodge in poaching used to be *gate netting. A hare on the prowl, started off a field when feeding, generally makes for the gate-run—that is to say, leaves the field by means of the gate—and, for this reason, one of the oldest methods of poaching is gate snaring or netting. Ibid. 224 They do not stop to touch the gate netting. Ibid. 250 When we caught two men gate netting at Gravel-Pits field.
1693Phil. Trans. XVII. 691 He ends this Treatise with an Enumeration of the Quit-rents formerly paid out of the Weald, as Gavel-swine, Scot-ale, Pannage, *Gate-penny.
1945Electronics Dec. 136/2 Upon firing the first round, the final trigger circuit shifts its state of equilibrium, initiating a negative *gate pulse. 1948Woodward & Williams in J. A. Pierce et al. Loran ii. vii. 227 The gate-pulse mixer is a double-triode coincidence mixer.
1914G. V. Hobart Boobs v. 80 He..proceeded to cover the *gate receipts with eager mitts. 1959Daily Tel. 27 June 1/7 He now expected the crowd to reach 35,000 and gate receipts {pstlg}178,500.
1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3825/4 Two Copy-hold Estates, with a good House, Garden, and..*Gate-rooms.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. 959/2 *Gate-saw, a mill-saw which is strained in a gate or sash to prevent buckling. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct., This was an improvement over the gate saw, almost as great as was the gate.
1611Cotgr., Bonde, the *yate-stang, or beame thats pulled vp, when a mill is to be set agate.
1610N. Riding Rec. (1884) I. 201 For not making a sufficient *Yate stead being a common way in a place called Hurwood Yate. 1891Atkinson Moorland Par. 65 note, A brig-stone is a kind of rough conduit for water across a gate-stead.
1904Daily Chron. 4 Feb. 8/1 Choose a *gate table in preference to any other, since after meals are over it is but a small matter to fold this and place it at one side. 1906Mag. Fine Arts Apr. 443 Spiral-legged Gate-table.
a1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 394/2 Jenkin's *gate valve has a disk of compressible packing held to its seat by a wedge-shaped follower. 1958Engineering 11 Apr. 469/1 Hydraulically-actuated wedge gate valves..have successfully met the rigorous specification.
1615Crooke Body of Man 99 The vpper branches which wee call the roots of the *Gate-veine..are disseminated through the hollow part of the Liuer. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 161 Hee could not endure to haue Trade sicke, nor any obstruction to continue in the Gate-vaine which disperseth that bloud. 1840Browning Sordello i. 264 He, Gate-vein of this heart's blood of Lombardy..is thine.
1903Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engin. XXXII. 620 In all cases where the gates and signals are worked from one point the *gate-wheel is interlocked with the signal levers.
1808Scott Marm. vi. xi, *Gate-works, and walls, were strongly mann'd.
▪ II. gate, n.2 Now only Sc. and north. dial.|geɪt|
Forms: α. 3– gate, (3, 5 gatt(e, 4–5 gat). β. 5–7 gaite, gayte, 4, 8 Sc. get(e, 8 Sc. gaet, 9 dial. geeat. See also gait.
[a. ON. gata, wk. fem. (Sw. gata, Da. gade) = OHG. gaz̧z̧a (MHG. gaz̧z̧e, mod.Ger. gasse lane, whence early mod.Du. gasse, now dial. gas), Goth. gatwô:—OTeut. *gatwôn-.
As to the ulterior etymology nothing has been ascertained. Connexion with the root of get v. has been supposed for this as for gate n.1; some have assumed a root *ghad meaning ‘to go’, on the ground of the OIr. dia n-gaidh he went. The spelling gait (gayte) first appears in the 15th c., but was almost confined to Sc. and northern writers until the beginning of the 17th c. It remains in the only sense of the word which is current in literary English: see gait n. (A supposed example of this spelling has been found in the Cotton MS. of the Cursor M., line 15278; but this is prob. a mistake: see gate n.3)]
I. A way.
1. A way, road, or path.
αc1200Ormin 12749 An off þa tweȝȝen Þatt comenn till þe Laferrd Crist Þær he bi gate ȝede. a1300Cursor M. 8960 Þar þis tre lai in hir gatt. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1801 On þe gate we mette of þyne stronge þeues seuene. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5820 Þai lete þair oxen in þe gate A while standdand rest. 1533Bellenden Livy v. (1822) 425 Thay maid ane mine undir the erde, to mak ane gate be quhilk thay micht cum to the castell of Veos. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 13 Wisedome warnes, whilest foot is in the gate To stay the steppe.
βc1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 71 Where hee in length lay streiked in the gait. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 83 Quhat freik befoir thame in thair gait tha fand, Tha gart him lig rycht law vponn the land. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xlii. 982 A lytill Eist the bra, Quhair that our gaittis partit in twa.
b. fig.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 395 Of alle my Ioy þe hyȝe gate Hit is in grounde of alle my blysse. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 755 in Satir. Poems Reform. xlv, For greid of geir, and warldly graith, On baith the gaitis he grundis his fayth.
c. (to find, lose, ask, etc. one's) way.
1390Gower Conf. II. 35 That he be right ware..That he mistake not his gate. c1440Bone Flor. 149 Evyr Speryng ther gatys gane Unto the Cyte of Rome. c1746J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) Lanc. Dialect (1862) 23, I mawkint, on lost meh gete ogen snap.
2. Phrases. to come, gang, go, ride a, the, his, her, etc. gate: see gang v. and go v. to take (the) gate: to take the road, go away; to follow a path or course. † to be in gate to: to be on the way to, be bound for. † to give gate to: to give a road to, make way for. † to go to the gate: to get into the current (of destruction), go to wrack. † to grant the gate: to give leave to go. † to hold the gate: to hold on one's way, hence, to prosper. † to put by the gate, to put (lay, etc.) out of the gate: to put out of the way. this (that) gate: used adverbially = this (that) way, in this (that) direction. some gate, any gate: somewhere, anywhere.
αa1300Cursor M. 6262 In þe see his wand he smat, It claue, and gaue þan redi gat. c1320Sir Tristr. 2091 Þe duerwe toke þe gate. 1375Barbour Bruce vi. 577 Ilk man a syndri gat is gane. 1426Audelay Poems 14 That hath goon gatis ungayne. c1435Torr. Portugal 680 Owt of the watyr he toke the gate. c1440York Myst. xxx. 230 Here, ye gomes, gose a rome, giffe vs gate, We muste steppe to yone sterne of a-state. Ibid. 446 He graunte hym his gates for to gone. a1542Wyatt Of Courtier's life 39 [Cato] that with his death did scape out of the gate. 1548Key Erasm. Par. Mark vi. 6–9 Yf he dyd take vitayle and a good summe of money with him, beyng in gate to the sandes of Afrike, or to summe nacion where as there is no ientle entertaynement..of strangers [orig. ad Libycas harenas aut inhospitalem gentem profecturus]. 1577–87Harrison England i. xii. in Holinshed 55 After this confluence, it [the Test] taketh the gate to Kimbebridge. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Epil., Goe, little Calender! thou hast a free passeporte; Goe but a lowly gate amongst the meaner sorte. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 639 in Satir. Poems Reform. xlv, To Londoun Lowrie tuke the geat. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iii. 192 The tyran Romack was put by the gate. 1637Rutherford Lett. (1894) 260 It is only best that ye set yourself apart, as a thing laid up and out of the gate, for Christ alone. a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1792) I. 113 Ilk ane of the rest rode a sundry gate. Ibid. 233 Monro took gate to Strathbogie. 1671M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1708) 9 Ye will go to the Gate, few or none of you shall be left. 1709― Soul-Confirm. 22 (Jam.) Hold ay your shoes on your feet, and in God's name I promise you ye shall hade the gate, fail who will. 1786Burns Brigs of Ayr 122 Crashing ice, borne on the roaring speat, Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 55, I truly hate the dirty gate That mony a body taks. 1872C. Gibbon For the King i, Come this gate. 1889Barrie Window in Thrums xix. 183 A notion 'at I had put it some gait. 1893Stevenson Catriona 12 Ye're no likely to gang far this gate.
βc1450Golagros & Gaw. 791 The king grantit the gait to schir Gawane, And prayt to the grete God to grant him his grace. c1470Henry Wallace i. 250 Thai left him swa, and furth thar gait can gang. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 574 He tuke the gait towart Candalia. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 524 He is gane ane vther gait. 1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. ii. i, False gelden, gang thy gait And do thy turns betimes. 1692Scot. Presbyt. Eloq. (1738) 114 They went a Gait of their own. 1795Burns O Lassie, art thou sleeping yet? Gae back the gait ye cam again. 1855Mrs. Gaskell North & S. xxviii, To keep me from going what gait I choose. 1855Motley Dutch Rep. ii. v. (1866) 218 The man..described himself to Granvelle as one who went his own gait. 1875W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 38 It is now time for us to ‘tak' the gait’ again.
3. Length of way, distance. Chiefly in advb. phrases. half-gate: half-way. Obs. exc. Sc.
a1500Peebles to Play in Chambers Pop. Hum. Scot. Poems (1862) 7 They had not gane half of the gait, When the maidens cam upon them. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. xlvi, Schort gait fra thir Ilis is Iona. 1597Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 339 With earnest eye quhil I espye The fruit betwixt me and the skye, Halfe gaite almaist to hevin. 1795Macneill Will & Jean i. xxix, Hame's now scarce a mile o' gate.
4. A street. Frequent in street-names of northern and midland towns (e.g. York, Nottingham, Leicester); as Gallowgate, Kirkgate, Micklegate, etc.
αc1470Henry Wallace v. 764 A nothir sone apon the hed strak he, Quhill chaftis and cheyff [v.r. cheik] vpon the gate can fle. 1571in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) III. 341 note, He came running down the gate. 1607–8N. Riding Rec. (1884) I. 99 Will. Kidd of Kirby Moreside for keeping disorder in the towne-gate. 1811Willan W. Riding Gloss., Gate, a street or road. 1876Whitby Gloss., Geeat, a course, street or thoroughfare.
βc1470Henry Wallace vi. 176 The worthi Scottis the gait left at the last. 1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedie 225 Than rynis thow down the gait, with gild of boyis, And all the toun tykis hingand in thy heilis. 1570Durham Depos. (Surtees) 197 The sande pytt in the towne gait at Langnewton. c1590J. Burel Pass. Pilgr. in J. Watson Collect. Poems (1706) ii. 5 All curious pastimes and consaits..Wes to be seen on Edinburgh gaits. 1609N. Riding Rec. (1884) I. 171 The highe wayes throughe the town gayt in Morton upon Swayle, being the Kinges heigh street. 1788W. Marshall Yorksh. Gloss., Gait, street; as west-gait, castle-gait, the town-gait, the gait-door.
5. Mining. (See quot. 1881.)
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. G iij b, The Distance between the Nogs is the width of the Gate within the Timber. 1829Glover Hist. Derby I. 47 The miners have driven a gate across under the river. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Gate..a road or way underground for air, water, or general passage.
II. Act of going.
†6. A going, journey, course. lit. and fig. Obs.
αa1300E.E. Psalter i. 6 Gate of wicked for-worth sal ai. a1340Hampole Psalter xvii. 40 Þou made brade my gatis vndire me. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 241 Peter the apostel parceyued his gate, And..wel hym knewe. c1450Bidding Prayer in Lay Folks Mass Bk. 69 We sall pray also for all trewe pilgrams..þat god of his gudenes graunt þame parte of our gode prayers & us of þare gode gates. c1450Bk. Curtasye 201 in Babees Bk. 305 To sayntis yf þou þy gate hase hyȝt, Thou schalle fulfylle hit with alle þy myȝt. a1547Surrey æneid ii. 268 But they [the serpents] with gate direct to Lacon ran. c1565Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (1728) 42 Coming forward with a great army for the king's support, his gate was overset by Alexander, earl of Crawford. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 78 So grant the gods..my ship and me good gate. 1600Holland Livy xxi. xxxvi. (1609) 413 That snow, being once within the gate of so many people and beasts upon it [L. tot hominum jumentorumque incessu], fretted and thawed. 1612W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 29 Euen like this Cedar in times gate ile bring, Both him and such to fatall ruining. 1633Earl of Manchester Al Mondo (1636) 96 Death..thou art..swifter in thy gate than the Roe or Hinde.
†b. Of a bird, esp. a hawk: Flight. Obs.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 7076 Als foghel fleghand in þe ayre als wynd, Of whase gate men may na trace fynd. 1575Turberv. Faulconrie 150 Get your hawke to a good gate above the fowle. 1611Markham Countr. Content. i. v. (1668) 32 When she [a hawk] is at the height of her gate. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. i. 25 My verse with wings of skill may flie a loftie gate. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (ed. 2) 201 When a high-flying Hawk, being whistled to, gathers upwards to a great Gate, you must continue her therein.
†c. gate-down: going down, setting (of the sun, etc.). at the gate-down: ready to tumble down.
c1440Promp. Parv. 188/2 Gate downe, descensus. Ibid., Gate downe, or downe gate of þe sunne, or any oþer planete, occasus. c1475Crabhouse Reg. (1889) 61 The dortoure was at so grete mischeef and at the gate-downe the Prioresse..took it downe for drede of more harmys.
†d. fig. Proceeding. Obs.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 31 We haue heere writ To Norway, Vncle of young Fortinbras (Who Impotent and Bedrid, scarsely heares Of this his Nephewes purpose) to suppresse His further gate heerein.
7. Manner of going. Obs. exc. in specific applications, for which see gait n.
a1637B. Jonson Elegie on my Muse Wks. (1692) 581 She had a Mind as calm, as she was fair; Not tost or troubled with light Lady-air; But, kept an even Gate. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 172 Huntsman! her Gait observe, if in wide Rings She wheel her mazy Way.
†b. Hunting. Length of stride (of a deer) as shown by his footmarks. Obs.
1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (ed. 2) 17 When Huntsmen..finde a Hart by the Slot, &c. and then minde his step to know whether he is great..they then say, they know him by his Gate. 1706in Phillips (ed. Kersey).
8. A right to run or pasturage for a cow, horse, etc.
a. on a common field, representing a share of the joint ownership in the field;
b. on private ground (let for an annual rent). Also beast-gate, cattle-gate, cow-, etc. gate. Cf. gang n.1 4 c. (In north. and north-midl. English dialects.)
α1606Nottingham Rec. IV. 281 The East Steyner shall go to 10 men att 3 kyne gate a peice att xiiij. li. rent. 1613Hibbaldstow, Lincolnsh., Court Roll, That none shal lett any gates in the Inges but to those that haue gates of ther awne. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 118 Aboute a weeke before St. Hellen day, wee beginne to inquire and listen after gates for our younge beasts. 1665MS. Grassmens Bk. St. Giles', Durham, Resaved for 2 gates .00. 02. 08. 1769Atwick Inclos. Act 2 Certain cattle gates, or pasture for cattle there. 1804Hull Advertiser 4 Feb. 2/3 Six gates or common rights on a common called Wilfholme.
β1586Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1860) 207 To my sister Swinburne's children the grasse or gaite of one milke⁓cowe. 1846Award, Apportionm. Tithes, Carnforth, Lancs. 31 Dec., Four Gaits and one Claw in Bolton Highfield. 1887York Herald 16 Apr. 2/1 The Gaits to be paid for before the animals are taken away. 1890Westmld. Gaz. 8 Nov. 4/2 To be let..Twelve Sheep Gaits on Appletree Fell.
III. Way, manner, method.
9. Way, manner, or method of doing or behaving; a peculiar habit. † at no gate: nowise. Obs.
αc1200Ormin 12320 Whatt gate he wann Eve & Adam Þurrh þise þrinne wæpenn. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Ninian 825 Þai var richt besy ay aboute To fynd sum get hyme to grewe. c1400Destr. Troy 2239 Let oure gate be so gouernet, þat no grem folow. c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 25 Unto the Tod this gate the Wolfe can tell. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 2399 Thefte, murthur, robry, were founde at no gate. 1633Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 105, I have gotten now..the gate to open the slote [etc.]. 1671M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1708) 2 They that are Faithful to Him will not want a Word, one Gate or another. Ibid. 30, I love not to be called Singular, and make a World's-wonder of that gate. 1787Burns Death Poor Mailie 35 An' may they never learn the gaets Of ither vile, wanrestfu' pets! 1816Scott Antiq. vi, Dinna speak that gate o' the gentlemen volunteers. 1832–53A. Rodger in Whistle-Binkie (Scot. Songs) Ser. i. 25 That's never the gate wi' blythe Jamie M'Nab.
β1793Burns Let. to G. Thomson Wks. (Globe) 537 Ilka man wears his belt his ain gait. 1808Miss Hamilton Cottagers Glenburnie xiii. 259 Aye, says she, we have new gaits now. a1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 42, I smile at your low trifling gaits, And could heartily lend you my prayers. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xi, Tom, Tom, I'll cut you into pork pieces, if you go on that gait. 1862J. R. Wise New Forest 282 When a person has done anything foolish he says, ‘this is a gait I have got’. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Gait, any peculiar habit, such as a nervous twitching of the face; any antic or grimace performed habitually.
b. In combination with certain adjs. and advs., often with advb. genitive ending -s, as any gate(s. Also algate(s, another gate(s, howgate(s, manygate(s, nogate(s, nonegate, othergate(s, sogate, thusgate(s, for which see those words.
10. attrib. and Comb., as † gate-door, a street door; gate-end Coal-mining (see quot.); † gate-going vbl. n., wayfaring; † gate-law, -leave, right of way; toll or rent paid for this (cf. way-leave); gate-lips Coal-mining (see quot.); gate-road Coal-mining = gateway2; † gate-row, a street; † gates-man, one employed in a coal-pit to make the passages; † gate-trip (see gait n.1 c).
c1460Towneley Myst. xiii. 328 Go spar The *gaytt doore.
1891Labour Commission Gloss., *Gate-end, in the case of long-wall workings the end (nearest to the face of the coal) of the branch roadway leading from the main road to the coal face where the miners work.
a1555Bradford Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 293 Then came up visions, miracles, dead spirits, walking, and talking how they might be released by this mass, by that pilgrimage *gate-going.
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 18 Such as are forced to goe to other townes for want of water att hoame, pay oftentimes 2d. a score for *gatelawe. 1769Hutton Cranswick Enclos. Act 9 Money..paid..as and for a toll or gate law.
1325Charter penes W. Greenwell (1897), Le dit Johan et ses heires..trouerunt *Gateleue et Rivage pour touz les carbouns.
1891Labour Commission Gloss., *Gate-lips, the roof of the gate-end, that is, the place where the roof ceases to have been made high enough for horses to work in or the entrance to the face, divided from the gate-end by the ‘ripping’.
1860Ure's Dict. Arts III. 955 A ‘*gate-road’ or horse-way is next driven in the bottom of the coal. 1897Daily News 23 Apr. 3/1 Lord Dudley reserved a right to drive gate-roads through the coal.
1598R. Bernard tr. Terence, Andria i. i, A certaine woman..came..to dwell here in our neighbourhood or *gaterow.
a1649Sc. Acts Chas. I (1870) V. 419/2 *Gaitesmen, who workes þe wayes and passages in þe saidis hewghes ar als necessar to þe owneres..as þe coall-hewers.
▪ III. † gate, n.3 Obs. rare.
Also 3 gait, 5 gayte.
[app. a. OF. gait, gaite, n. of action f. gaiter to watch.]
? The action of watching or lying in wait; a watch; an ambush.
a1300Cursor M. 15278 Þat i ha luued, he sal me trai, þe gait it es al graid. [The other texts have gate and weye, showing that the scribes interpreted the word as gate n.2, but the spelling ai for a seems unexampled at so early a date, and the sense of ‘ambush’ seems to be required.] c1435Torr. Portugal 1605 To the I have fulle good gate; For thou slow my brother Cate—That thou shalte by fulle dere. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 649 Yt he shulde be ware & haue hym selfe in good gayte.
▪ IV. gate, n.4 Founding.|geɪt|
Also gat, geat, get, git.
[Of somewhat obscure origin; the Du. synonym is gietgat, f. gieten (= OE. ᵹéotan) to pour, cast + gat = gate n.1 Cf. OE. gyte n., pouring out.]
1.
†a. (See quot. 1683.) Obs.
b. The opening or channel through which the molten metal flows into a mould.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. I. 53 A Geat, is the hole through which the Mettal runs into the Mold. 1683Ibid. II. 378 Geat, is the little Spout or Gutter made in the Brim of Casting Ladles. 1790J. Imison School Arts II. 154 When the git is filled up with the fluid metal. 1839Ure Dict. Arts etc. 520 The hydrostatic pressure produced by a high gate or filling-in aperture, contributes much to secure the soundness and solidity of the casting. 1893Northumberld. Gloss., Git, in a mould, the narrow neck or channel through which the metal is poured. It is generally applied as the term for the superfluous piece of metal which is left in the neck of the mould after a casting is made.
2. The waste piece of metal cast in the gate.
1839Ure Dict. Arts etc. 522 This excess [of metal] forms the gates, false seams, &c. 1862Mayhew Lond. Labour IV. 377 When you have your coin cast, there is a ‘gat’, or piece of refuse metal, sticks to it. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 262–3 When cooled sufficiently they are..broken off from the ‘gets’ which are thin strips of metal filling the connecting gutters. Ibid. 413/2 The blank is..cut a little larger than is necessary in order to leave room for a ‘get’ or solid piece at the end of the prongs [of a fork] which is retained..for the purpose of maintaining the requisite rigidity to keep the article in shape.
3. attrib. and Comb., as gate-piece = 2 above; gate-shutter (see quot.).
1839Ure Dict. Arts etc. 520 This gate piece being superfluous is knocked off almost immediately after, or even before the casting cools. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Gate-shutter, a spade or paddle which closes the channel against the molten metal when the mold or bed is full, and turns it in another direction to other molds or beds.
▪ V. gate, v.1|geɪt|
[f. gate n.1]
1. trans. At the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge: To confine (an undergraduate) to the precincts of the college, either entirely or after a certain hour.
1835Snobiad 62 in Whibley Cap & Gown (1889) 144 Two Proctors kindly holding either arm, Staunch the dark blood, and gate him for the term. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xii, [He] gave him a book of Virgil to write out, and then gated him for a fortnight after hall. 1881Saintsbury Dryden 6 He was discommonsed and gated for a fortnight for disobedience and contumacy.
2. Electronics. To subject to the action of a gate (see gate n.1 8 f, g).
a. To select those parts of (a signal) that occur within given time intervals or have amplitudes within given limits.
b. To switch by means of a gate circuit. Usu. as ˈgated ppl. a., or as vbl. n. and ppl. a. (see below).
1946Jrnl. Appl. Physics XVII. 968/1 The gated background audio-noise voltage. 1946,1947[implied in gating vbl. n.] 1950Lawson & Uhlenbeck Threshold Signals ix. 253 In the aural method of detection one usually gates or strobes the incoming signals. 1957R. F. Shea Transistor Circuit Engin. x. 317 A transistor switching circuit which may be used to gate an input signal from a common input terminal to one of two output terminals. 1959J. N. Shive Semiconductor Devices xiv. 255 (caption) This gating circuit not only performs the gating function but amplifies the gated signal as well. 1968P. A. P. Moran Introd. Probability Theory i. 44 An electric source producing random impulses..was gated (switched on and off) once every second.
Hence ˈgating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. xii, He..then dismissed punishment and gating from his mind. 1883Ld. R. Gower My Remin. I. xii. 221 Our tutor threatened to report us to the Head. However, we eventually got off without even a gating. 1946Jrnl. Appl. Physics XVII. 953/2 Gating under such circumstances would result in a distortion of the pulse by shearing it fore and aft. 1947H. B. Abajian in J. S. Hall Radar Aids to Navig. iii. vii. 205 (caption) Block diagram of the gating system. 1959[see sense 2 above.] 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 207/1 The counting circuit can operate a gating circuit which passes the clock pulses directly to the cathode-ray tube.
▪ VI. † gate, v.2 Obs. rare—1.
[f. gate n.2]
intr. Of an animal: To walk.
1583Stanyhurst æneis (Arb.) 23 Three stags sturdye wer vnder Neere the seacost gating.
▪ VII. † gate, v.3 Obs. rare—1.
[? a. OF. gaiter: see gate n.3]
intr. To watch.
c1590J. Burel Pass. Pilgr. in J. Watson Collect. Poems (1706) ii. 33 Bot as the foular casts his cair, His catch for to preuent, So thay wer trapit in the snair..Still waiting and gating, Quhyll thay wer all oretane.
▪ VIII. gate, v.4 Founding.|geɪt|
[f. gate n.4]
trans. To provide (a mould, etc.) with a gate or gates (see gate n.4 1 b). Also intr.
1901Shop & Foundry Practice (Colliery Engineer Co.) IV. xl. 5 It is usually better to gate a mold for a heavy casting as near the bottom as possible. 1950J. S. Campbell Casting & Forming Processes ix. 77 For many metals such as aluminum and magnesium it is good practice to gate into the castings at several places as a help in avoiding hot spots and in filling the mold cavity.
Hence ˈgated ppl. a.2, provided with a gate or gates; ˈgating vbl. n.2, the action of providing gates; the arrangement of gates, runners, etc., through which molten metal enters a mould.
1906F. W. Barrows Pract. Pattern-Making i. i. 16 The moulder..suggested the gating of the patterns, having noticed the castings as he dumped the mould, with their runners tying them all together, making one pattern of the flask full. Ibid. iv. i. 228 The moulding-machine manufacturers advertise that you can use your present patterns, whether of wood or metal, single or gated, on ‘our’ machines. 1907J. G. Horner Encycl. Pract. Engin. V. 88/2 Gating, signifies the channels, and formation of the same by which liquid metal enters a mould after it leaves the pouring basin. 1931Foundry Trade Jrnl. 28 May 369/2 This gating is not so simple as the top one, and it requires a heavier weight of sprues. 1948Metals Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Metals) 6/2 Gated pattern, mold patterns designed to permit two or more castings, joined by connecting channels, to be made in one mold.
▪ IX. gate
obs. form of goat. |