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▪ I. garrison, n.|ˈgærɪsən|
Forms: 3, 5–8 garison, 3, 6 garyson(e, 4 garis(so)un, gareisoun, geryzoun, 4–5 garysoun, 4–7 garisoun(e, (5 garson(e, 6–7 Sc. garesone, -oun, 7 guarison), 5–6 garryson, (6 garrisoun), 6– garrison.
[a. OF. garison, gareison, guerison (ONF. warison warison), defence, safety, provision, store, f. garir, guerir, to defend, preserve, furnish, ad. OHG. warjan to defend (= OE. węrian wear v.2).
Senses 1 and 2 agree with the uses of the French word. The further development is app. due to confusion with F. garnison garnison, which had the same meanings of ‘defence’ and ‘supplies’, as well as that of ‘garrison’. There is not sufficient evidence to show that the last was ever a common sense of F. garison: Godefroy gives only one quotation for it. It seems probable that the specially English sense of ‘fortress’, ‘stronghold’ (see 3), led to the identification of the two words and to the final adoption of ‘garrison’ in place of ‘garnison’.]
†1. Store, treasure; donation, gift. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8461 Þe king of Camele made pays & an amirail al so & ȝeue hom gret garison hom non harm to do. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1837 He nay þat he nolde neghe in no wyse Nauþer golde ne garysoun. a1400–50Alexander 1074 Geuys him garsons of gold & of gud stanes. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6835 Of þir kyngs and þair garysouns, What þai gaf, landes and touns.
†2. Defence, protection; deliverance, safety; means of defence. Obs.
c1320Cast. Love 870 God..nom flesch and blood of hire, to bringe His folk out of prisoun: Þat was vre garysoun. c1400Rom. Rose 3248, I can nat seen how thow mayst go Other weyes to garisoun. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Cor. 5 It is no weake and feble thing, but a thing of Gods owne doyng, muche more mightie and effectuall, than is any mans power and garrisons. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 46 He hath an innumerable gard to whome he hath geuen in charge to trauaile for our safetie, and that so long as we be compassed with a garrison and support of them..we be without al reach of hurt.
3.
†a. A fortress or stronghold (obs.).
b. (from sense 4) A place in which troops are quartered for defensive or other military purposes; a garrison-town.
c1430Lydg. Hors, Shepe, & G. (Roxb.) 21 With oute werre..We may not saue ne kepe our right Our garisouns [v.r. garnesoins] ner castellis olde. c1440Promp. Parv. 188/1 Garsone, stronge place (H. garyzone, or garzone, strong holde), municipium. c1450Golagros & Gaw. 1144 Quhen that Gawyne..Wes cummyn to the castel..Gromys of that garisoune maid gamyn. 1483Cath. Angl. 150/1 A Garison, municipium. 1494Fabyan Chron. an. 1454 (1533) 200 a/2, Lord Talbot..in defendynge of the kynge's Gary⁓sons, was beset with Frensh men at a place named Castyllyon. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 280 The toune of New Castell upon Tyne, and in all other garrisons on the marches of Scotlande. 1654Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 314 Went by Newark-on-Trent, a brave town and garrison. 1743Capt. Woodroofe in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. ii. xx. 88 With directions to look for a proper place to build a garrison. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. (1817) I. ii. 372 He..with his own soldiers invested Werk Castle, a garrison of the English. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 462, I would propose that a ship of the line..be employed as a lazaretto..and stationed..opposite the garrison.
4.
†a. A body or troop of persons (obs.).
b. A body of soldiers stationed in a fortress or other place for purposes of defence, etc.
In sense b the word has taken the place of the older garnison.
a.1500–20Dunbar Poems xxxv. 35 Jonet the weido on ane bussome rydand Off wichiss with ane winder [v.r. wondrous] garesoun. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 253 b, After this sentence all the garyson of the knyghtes and turmentours gathered aboute hym. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1536) D iiij, If I leade garrysons of menne of armes. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 150 The nobillis all in ane greit garesone, For the most part passit out of the toun.
b.1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 161 b, When certain persones moued hym and would haue had hym to kepe the citees with garysons..he saied [etc.]. 1587Holinshed Scot. Chron. 237/1 He made the castle stronger, in which he placed a valiant garrison. 1639Duke of Hamilton in H. Papers (Camden) 72 If att the same tyme the garisounes att Beruick and Carlyll mad inroods into the Countrie. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 280 Strong forts erected..and strong garrisons maintained in them. 1801Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1837) I. 347 The garrison could not remain in that fort opposed to the fire of a man of war. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 221 He..gave orders that the forts demanded should be opened to British garrisons. 1874Green Short Hist. i. §2. 15 The bulk of the garrison..lay cantoned along the Roman wall.
fig.1548Ld. Somerset Epist. Scots C j, Hauyng the sea for wall, the mutuall loue for garrison, and God for defence. 1598Drayton Heroic, Ep., Black Prince to C'tess Salisbury 126 Thy virtuous thoughts..Like carefull skouts, passe vp and down thy breast..Whilst al the blessed garison do sleepe. 1644Milton Divorce (ed. 2) To Parl. Eng., To inslave the dignity of man, to put a garrison upon his neck of empty and overdignifi'd precepts. 1754Cowper Ep. to R. Lloyd 18 A fierce banditti..That..daily threaten to drive thence My little garrison of sense.
†c. place, town of garrison: a garrison-town.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. iv. 168 Onely reseru'd, you claime no interest In any of our Townes of Garrison. 1592Nashe P. Penilesse Wks. (Grosart) II. 79 If he haue beene ouer, and visited a towne of Garrison. a1613Overbury A Wife (1638) 208 He learnt his trade in a Towne of Garison neere famish't. 1649J. Taylor (Water P.) Wandering to see the West C iv, For at all places of Garison, there is very strict examinations of persons.
5. Phrases. in garrison [F. en garnison]: doing duty as a garrison or as one of a garrison. (to go or be sent) into garrison: to do garrison duty. to keep garrison: to maintain a force of armed men in a fortified place; to be ‘in garrison’.
c1489Caxton Blanchardyn lii. 200 Whan the souldyours, that Subyon had lefte there is garryson, herde [etc.]. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. IV, 30 All the souldiers whiche the duke of Orleance had left there in garrison to defend the bridge. c1550Deb. betw. Somer & Wynt. 39 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 35 They haue no wyll to labour, in felde nor in garysone. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 652/1 The Earl of Tyrone is nowe accoumpted the strongest; upon him would I lay 8000 men in garrison. 1607Dekker Northw. Hoe v. Wks. 1873 III. 69 My husband is in garrison i' the Low-Countries. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4317/2 Part of their Troops..are to remain in Garison there; the rest are to go into Garison at Mantua. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xv, His soldiers keep garrison. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 176 The Circus..in which a certain Count kept garrison for his own Security. 1769Robertson Chas. V, VI. vi. 90 Those in garrison at Goletta threatened to give up that important fortress. 1802C. James Milit. Dict. s.v., The elite or flower of the Janissaries of Constantinople is frequently sent into garrison on the frontiers of Turkey.
6. attrib. and Comb., as garrison-artillery, garrison-battalion, garrison-duty, garrison-guard, garrison-gun, † garrison-man, garrison-preaching, garrison-soldier; garrison cap U.S., a peakless cap worn esp. as part of a military uniform; garrison-carriage (see quot.); garrison-hack slang, a woman who flirts indiscriminately with the officers of a garrison (Farmer); garrison-hold, possession or occupation by means of a garrison; garrison state (see quot. 1954); garrison-town, a fortified town in which a garrison is stationed; † so garrison-house.
1872–6Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3), *Garrison Artillery.
1809Char. in Ann. Reg. 737/2 [He] was promoted to the rank of Major in the sixth *Garrison-Battalion then in Ireland.
1947S. Bellow Victim i. 6 A Negro janitor in a *garrison cap was washing the stairs. 1971U.S. Army Reg. 670–5 (Uniform & Insignia, Male Personnel) Jan. 14 (caption) Distinctive unit insignia worn on garrison cap.
1872–6Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Carriages, *Garrison Carriages, carriages constructed for such guns and howitzers as are not intended for transport, and which are generally placed on the ramparts of a fortress [etc.].
1813Southey Nelson i. 37 The few who were able to perform *garrison duty.
1800Asiat. Ann. Reg., Misc. Tracts 206/2 No person under the dignity of a chief Rajah has..the honour of being saluted by the *garrison guard.
1876J. Grant One of the 600 i. 8 The *garrison hacks, or passé belles, whose names and flirtations are standing jokes. 1890Athenæum 8 Feb. 176/1 The heroine is a ‘garrison-hack’.
1888W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 529 We are in danger if we relax our *garrison-hold of the adjacent island.
1677W. Hubbard Narrative ii. 80 Yet were they able to surprize but one *garrison house.
1586Leycester Corr. (Camden) 60 The poor *garrison-men..suffer..the greatest miserie.
1855Motley Dutch Rep. (1861) I. 226 Without undervaluing the influence..of the *garrison preaching of the German military chaplains in the Netherlands.
1617Moryson Itin. i. 11 The Duke was at great charge in keeping *Garison Souldiers at Dresden. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 443 The rest of the Fortifications upon that Coast, the Garrison Souldiers that were therein, when they fled, did overthrow and destroy.
1937H. D. Lasswell in China Q. II. 643 In the *garrison state the specialist on violence is at the helm, and organized economic and social life is systematically subordinated to the fighting forces. 1941― in Amer. Jrnl. Sociology XLVI. 455 We are moving toward a world of ‘garrison states’—a world in which the specialists in violence are the most powerful group in society. 1954Webster Add., Garrison state, a state dominated by military rather than by civilian personnel and policies, esp. one whose military preparations threaten to convert it into a totalitarian state. 1959Listener 26 Mar. 553/2 Cultural activities, on the one hand, tend to become a commercial part of an overdeveloped capitalist economy or, on the other, an official part of the Science Machine of the Garrison State.
1648Art. Peace ix. in Milton's Wks. (1847) 251/1 The disposal of the forts, castles, *garrison-towns. a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 35 The Nights in those Guarison Towns..brought me..weakness. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 346 A strong garrison town.
▪ II. garrison, v.|ˈgærɪsən|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To furnish with a garrison, to place troops in (a fortress, town, etc.) for defensive purposes.
1569T. Stocker tr. Diod. Sic. iii. v, After he had garrisonned Sycione. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 634 They Garrison'd Viseo. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1839) 261 Garrisoning and fortifying such of the towns he had taken, as were most important for their situation and strength. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. 315 He..fortified the citadel and garrisoned the port. 1895Scot. Antiq. X. 77 In the 'Forty-five, Burleigh Castle ..was garrisoned for King George.
fig.a1856H. Miller Paper on Cur. Suite Fossils (1874) 348 Is bone a thing rather strongly garrisoned by vitality, than itself vital? 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. vii. liv, His soul was garrisoned against presentiments and fears.
†b. ‘To secure by fortresses’ (J.); to protect with a garrison. Obs.
1693G. Stepney in Dryden's Juvenal Sat. viii. (1697) 194 Those Forces join Which Garrison the Conquests near the Rhine. 1797Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 372 We have been..fortifying and garrisoning ourselves at home.
†c. intr. To establish a garrison or military post. Obs. rare—1.
1726Cavallier Mem. iii. 163 He garrison'd in several Places, that he might be the more ready to disturb and deprive us of all Means of getting Provisions.
2. Of troops: To occupy as a garrison.
1645Ld. Digby in Ludlow's Mem. (1669) III. 381 Let them..enquire before they put in, lest by any accident the Enemy should have Garisoned those Places before we come thither. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 23 No great Town, but well fortified and entrencht, garrison'd by three Companies of Foot. 1838Thirlwall Greece IV. 363 The other towns, which were garrisoned by the Greek mercenaries, refused to receive him. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xvii. 99 The fort was stormed. The soldiers who had garrisoned it fled in confusion to the city.
transf. and fig.1646J. Hall Poems, The Call 6 I'le keep off harms, If thou'l be pleas'd to garrison mine arms. 1647Cowley Mistr. lxvii, Since thou took'st it [my Heart] by Assault from Me, 'Tis Garison'd so strong with Thoughts of Thee. a1711Ken Psyche Poet. Wks. 1721 IV. 201 O Make my Heart thy Care..No Rebels then will garrison my Breast. 1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 439 The convent, although spacious, is garrisoned by only seven monks.
3. To put ‘in garrison’ or on garrison-duty; to station as a garrison. Also fig.
1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 651/2, I would wish the chief power of the armye to be garrisoned in one countrey that is strongest. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. vii. §4. 347 Hippos or Hippion, a Citie so called of a Colonie of Horsemen, there garrisond by Herod. 1671Milton Samson 1497 Garrisoned round about him like a camp Of faithful souldiery. 1891Daily News 30 Dec. 6/3 He was garrisoned..in the highest of the French forts on the Savoy Alps.
Hence ˈgarrisoned (town), furnished with or defended by a garrison; also = garrison (town); ˈgarrisoning vbl. n. and ppl. a. Also ˈgarrisoner, a garrison-soldier.
1658W. Burton Itin. Anton. 121 Much less let him marvel to find Baths in garrisoned Towns. 1681Nevile Plato Rediv. 241 The Second great Prerogative the King enjoys, is the sole Disposal and Ordering of the Militia..Garrisoning and Fortifying places [etc.]. 1693W. Freke Art of War xiv. 278 Military Discipline is as necessary for Your Garrisoners in their Sallies, as Your Field Souldiers in their March. 1797Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 374 A garrisoned sea-town. 1879Baring-Gould Germany I. 393 The garrisoning army..consisted of 10,107 officers, 353,102 men. 1884Manch. Exam. 27 Sept. 5/3 A specially recruited Indian army..for the garrisoning of Egypt. 1894Athenæum 29 Dec. 886/1 The Chouans attacked Teilleul, a garrisoned town. |