| 释义 |
▪ I. garnish, n.|ˈgɑːnɪʃ|
Forms: 5 garnyssh, -niche, -nes, 5–6 garnysche (-nysshe), -nesh, 6 garnesshe, -nyshe, -nishe, 5– garnish.
[f. garnish v.1]
†1. A set of vessels for table use, esp. of pewter (see quot. 1587). Obs.
1418Bury Wills (Camden) 3 Item assigno eidem Ricardo..dimidium garnyssh de vas' peutr'. c1440Promp. Parv. 187/2 Garnysche of vesselle (K. garniche), garnitum. 1464Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 273 Item, the same day payd for a di . a garnyshe of vessellys, viij.s. iiij.d. c1530in Gutch Coll. Cur. II. 287 Item deliveryd oone garnysshe of silvar vessell. 1587Harrison England iii. xi. (1878) ii. 72 Such furniture of houshold of this mettall [pewter], as we commonlie call by the name of vessell, is sold vsuallie by the garnish, which doeth conteine twelue platters, twelue dishes, twelue saucers. 1674J. Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 17 For one garnish of peuter 3l. os. od.
†2. Outfit, dress. Obs. rare.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vi. 45, I should be obscur'd. Lor. So you are, sweet, Euen in the louely garnish of a boy.
3. Embellishment or decoration in general. Also concr. an ornament, ornamental appendage. lit. and fig. ? Obs.
1615Markham Eng. Housew. ii. i. (1668) 3 Adorn the person altogether without toyish garnishes, or the gloss of light colours. 1647Clarendon Contempl. Ps. Tracts (1727) 383 No man being so presumptuously wicked, as not to put on some garnish and dress of virtue to impose on the world. 1683Kennett Erasm. on Folly 48 Unsullied from all artificial garnish. a1708Beveridge Priv. Th. i. (1730) 89, I am so much taken with the Garnish and seeming Beauty of this world's vanities. 1727Boyer Dict. Angl.-Fr., Garnishes of Doors, Gates, or Porches, les Ornemens, les embellissemens, les Fleurons, d'une Porte.
†b. Trimming for articles of dress; some particular material used for this purpose. Obs.
1527Lanc. Wills (1857) 17, I beqweth..to the parson of Sanct Michaells my garnech sarsnet typett. c1540Churchw. Acc. St. Dunstan's, Canterbury, Item v yardys and di of garnysshe xiij d ob.
4. Things placed round or added to a dish to improve its appearance at table; also fig. of literary ‘dishes’.
1673[R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 30 Your Text is all Margent, and not only all your Dishes, but your Garnish too is Pork. 1734Watts Reliq. Juv. (1789) 217 While the garnish of some [dishes] was profusely rich and gay, that of others was very coarse and poor. 1764Harmer Observ. vii. iv. 147 The parched Cicers..are strewed singly, as a garnish, over other dishes. 1825Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 180 In a book like this..the sauce and the garnish are to occupy the greater part of the dish. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 100 The roots [of beet]..form a beautiful garnish, and are very much used as a pickle. 1883Chr. World 28 Dec. 909/4 His highly-seasoned polemics, set out with such a garnish of misrepresentation.
†b. ? Side-dishes; also attrib. Obs.
16..Fletcher Love's Pilgr. ii. iv, Portly meat, Bearing, substantial stuff, and fit for hunger, I do beseech you, hostess, first; then some light garnish, Two pheasants in a dish. 1641Ovatio Carolina 18 At the South end whereof (two yards distance from the Table), was a Table of Garnish, of three yards square. Ibid. 19 Brawne, fishe, and cold baked meats, planted upon the Garnish or Side Table.
5. slang. Money extorted from a new prisoner, either as a jailer's fee, or as drink-money for the other prisoners (abolished by 4 Geo. IV. c. 43, §12). Obs. exc. Hist.
1592Greene Upst. Courtier D ij a, Let a poore man be arrested..he shal be almost at an angels charge, what with garnish, crossing and wiping out of the book..extortions..not allowed by any statute. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 447 When such prisoners have paid the bailiff's fees and garnish. 1704Swift T. Tub Wks. 1768 I. 111 Like a fresh tenant of Newgate, when he has refused the payment of garnish. 1727Gay Beggars' Opera ii. vii. (1728) 27 [Gaoler, to a prisoner] You know the custom, Sir. Garnish, Captain, Garnish. 1752Gentl. Mag. XXII. 239/2 The Sheriffs..have ordered that no debtor in going into any of the goals of London and Middlesex, shall for the future, pay any garnish. 1823Scott Peveril xxxiii, Then the Master's side—the garnish came to one piece.
b. A similar payment among workmen; also maiden-garnish.
1759Goldsm. Bee No. 5 ⁋20 There are numberless faulty expenses among the workmen—clubs, garnishes, freedoms, and such like impositions. 1859Autobiog. Beggar boy 144 The gold old fuddling times of short turns, maiden garnishes, and a hundred other little imposts. 1865Slang Dict., Garnish, footing-money. Yorkshire. 1896Daily News 28 Feb. 5/4 A fine of four gallons [of beer] is called a ‘garnish’, and when a man finds his first lot of work..he pays his ‘maiden garnish’.
¶6. Prison slang. Fetters.[Perh. a misapprehension. The passage quoted above (sense 5) from Gay Beggars' Opera is followed by the words ‘Hand down those fetters’. This may have led Johnson to assign a wrong meaning to the word.] 1755in Johnson. 1893in Farmer Slang.
7. Comb., as garnish-tinselled adj.; also garnish-bolt (see quot.); garnish-money (= sense 5); garnish-nail, -plate (see quots.).
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 943/1 *Garnish-bolt (Building), a bolt having a chamfered or faceted head.
1632B. Jonson Magn. Lady v. v, You are content with the ten thousand pound, Defalking the four hundred *garnish-money. c1660in J. Brown Bunyan viii. 182 Five shillings for sheets, five shillings for garnish money. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Garnish-money, what is customarily spent amongst the Prisoners at first coming in. 1725in New Cant. Dict.
1802C. James Milit. Dict., *Garnish-nails, diamond headed nails, formerly used to ornament artillery carriages.
1872–6Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict., *Garnish-plate, that part of the iron work of the O. P. gun carriage which covers the upper surface of the brackets.
1801M. Edgeworth Angelina i, The *garnish-tinselled wand of Fashion has waved in vain.
▪ II. garnish, v.|ˈgɑːnɪʃ|
Pa. tense and pa. pple. garnished |-nɪʃt|. Forms: 4 garnesche, 5 garnesshe, -ysche, 5–6 garnisshe, -ysshe, 6 garnysh(e, -ishe, 6– garnish. In pa. tense and pa. pple. also 4–5 garnyst, 5 garnest, -isett, -ized, -yssed, 5–6 Sc. garnist, -isit, -issed.
[ad. OF. garniss- lengthened stem of garnir, guarnir, warnir to fortify, defend (oneself), provide, prepare (mod.F. garnir to furnish) = Pr. garnir, OSp. guarnir (mod.Sp. guarnecer), It. guarnire, guernire, med.L. g(u)arnire. The OF. garnir had also the sense ‘to warn’.
The form of the Rom. vb. points to adoption from a Teut. *warnjan, prob. not identical with the vb. of this type meaning ‘to ward off, prevent, refuse’ (see warn v.2), but related to the OTeut. vbs. *warnêjan, *warnôjan (? originally intr. with the sense ‘to become aware’), represented by OHG. warnên, warnôn, refl. to guard oneself, provide oneself (MHG. warnen, trans., to protect, guard, mod.G. warnen to warn), OE. warnian refl., to take warning, beware (ME. wernen trans. = warn v.1); the causative sense ‘to make aware, warn’, appears in late MHG. and ME. (also in MDu. waernen). These vbs. are cognate with OHG. (fure) warna precaution, preparation (MHG. warne provision), of which the vb. adopted in Rom. may be a derivative.]
I. To furnish, equip.
†1. trans. To furnish (a place) with means of defence; to garrison; to supply with men, arms, and provisions. Obs.
a1400Morte Arth. 563 There salle appone Godarde a garette be rerede, That schalle be garneschte and kepyde with gude mene of armes. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 203 Panpylonne, whyche was ryght stronge of murayl and towres, & garnysshed wyth sarasyns. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 248 Sic thingis done, he garnist al the strenthis of Britane with men, munitionis, and vittalis. 1577Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 474/1 The Earle of Derby..should repayre to the West borders to garnishe the same for defence agaynst the enimies. 1786European Mag. IX. 184 If on the right he garnishes his force, His left is threatened by the Prussian horse. [1845James Smuggler III. 280 Go into the church; and garnish the windows with marksmen.]
†2. To equip or arm (oneself); in pa. pple., equipped, armed. Obs.
a1400Morte Arth. 722 Galyarde knyghtes Garneschit one the grene felde and graythelyche arayede. 1481Caxton Godfrey lv. 96 Solyman had sente them in to the cyte ffor to garnysshe them & make them redy. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 13 The Romanis than sic prattik had in weir, And als tha war so garnist in thair geir. 1552Latimer Fruitf. Serm. (1584) 318 b, When the Deuill commeth, and findeth the heart of man not weaponed nor garnished with the word of God. c1750Shenstone Elegies xxiii. 21 See, garnish'd for the chase, the fraudful maid.
†b. pass. To be furnished with a retinue; to be attended or accompanied. Obs.
c1477Caxton Jason 31 b, The fayr Myrro cam than to mete with Jason garnisshed with a gracious maintene. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxvii. 92 He doubted how he was garnysshed of his meyneyall seruantis. 1602Patericke tr. Gentillet 33 Whence commeth it that yet Princes are well attended on and garnished with flatterers.
†3. To dress, clothe, esp. in an elegant fashion.
1529More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. Wks. 1220/1 It maketh vs gooe much more gay and glorious in sight, garnyshed in sylke. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. 55 Ephestion..repaired vnto him with garments to garnishe him like a king.
4. To fit out with anything that adorns or beautifies; to decorate, ornament, or embellish (with, rarely † of). † Also to garnish out. Now somewhat rhetorical; sometimes with allusion to Matt. xii. 44.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1277 Þe gredirne & þe goblotes garnyst of syluer. a1400–50Alexander 1533 An abite..þat was garnest full gay with golden skirtis. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxi. 76 The nauye..whiche they haue garnyshed wyth floures, and garlandes. 1494Fabyan Chron. i. iv. 10 Brute..founde it [the land]..garnysshed with many fayre Ryuers and Stremes. 1526Tindale Matt. xii. 44 When he is come, he fyndeth the housse empty and swepte and garnisshed [Gr. κεκοσµηµένον]. 1577Harrison England ii. xiii. (1877) i. 252 Curious peeces of work, wherewith to garnish his building. 1635Swan Spec. M. iii. §2 (1643) 48 As the outward heavens were garnished with Starres. a1704T. Brown Persius' Sat. i. Prol., Wks. 1760 I. 51, I, who never..with Sir Courtly, roundelays Have made to garnish out new plays. 1820Scott Ivanhoe iv, An under tunic of dark purple silk, garnished with furs. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea x. §464 The coral islands, reefs, beds, and atolls with which the Pacific Ocean is studded and garnished. 1876M. E. Braddon J. Haggard's Dau. II. 15 The kitchen was newly swept and garnished.
b. The pa. pple. sometimes occurs for: Furnished or fitted with (accessories).[Partly a Gallicism, garnir being used in the wider sense of furnish v.; but in Eng. there is now almost always a reference to appearance rather than to utility.] 1663Gerbier Counsel 94 Shutters..garnished without with battens. 1773Cook's 2nd Voy. (1774) I. xiii. 175 The table was garnished round with hot bread-fruit, and plantains, and a quantity of cocoa-nuts brought for drink. 1837Disraeli Venetia i. ii, Several small rooms, scantily garnished with ancient furniture. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. i, A pedlar's basket, garnished..with small woman's⁓ware, such as thread and pins.
5. To decorate (a dish) for the table.
1693Dryden Juvenal's Sat. v. 118 With what Expense and Art, how richly drest! Garnish'd with 'Sparagus, himself a Feast. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 111 Garnish with slic'd Orange and curl'd Bacon or Ham fry'd. 1796H. Glasse Cookery v. 52 Garnish the dish with lemon, and send it to table. 1886M. F. Sheldon tr. Flaubert's Salammbo 4 Roasted antelopes, garnished with their horns.
†6. To adorn with any property or quality (chiefly refl. or pass.). Obs.
c1450Mirour Saluacioun 883 Werkes vertuouse Be whilk garnyst hire lif this virgine gloriouse. c1489Caxton Blanchardyn xiv. 48 By the right grete vertue wherof he was garnysshed. 1531Elyot Gov. ii. xxix, Consailours garnisshed with lernyng and also experience. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1126/1 Let him finallie be garnished with the comelinesse of all vertuous conditions.
†7. trans. Of trees: To cover (a wall, etc.). Also absol. Obs.
1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. I. 7 The Walls being Twelve Foot high or more, you must always let one Tree shoot up to garnish the Top, between two that shall garnish the Bottom. [Orig. pour garnir le haut, entre deux qui garniront le bas.] Ibid. Gloss., To Garnish well, is said of Wall, or any pallisaded Trees, when they spread well, and cover the Wall or Trelliss on all sides. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 43 The Palisades, or Trees on the Sides, coming to garnish and grow thicker, will in Time possess two Foot of a Side.
8. slang. To fit with fetters.
1755in Johnson. 1893in Farmer Slang.
II. Law. To warn. (Cf. Sc. warnis = warn.)
9. trans.
a. To serve notice on (a person), for the purpose of attaching money belonging to a debtor.
a1577Sir T. Smith Commw. Eng. (1633) 136 The Sheriffes order in serving this writ is to goe..to the land and there to garnish the partie by sticking up a sticke on his land. 1886Pall Mall G. 13 Nov. 5 It will be a miracle if no one finds out who the trustee is; and as soon as his name is known he will be garnished to a certainty.
b. To serve (a person) with notice of certain payments to be made before he can be legally returned as an heir (abolished by 6 Geo. IV, c. 105).
1585Act 27 Eliz. c. 3 §3 Scire facias shall be awarded..to garnish the same Heir. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Garnish the Heir is to warn the Heir; a Law-term.
c. To summon (a person) as party to a litigation already in process between others. Cf. garnishment 2. |