| 释义 |
agonistic, a.|ægəˈnɪstɪk|
[ad. Gr. ἀγωνιστικ-ός of or pertaining to an ἀγωνιστ-ής or agonist.]
1. a. Of or pertaining to the athletic contests of ancient Greece; hence, pertaining to athletic feats generally, athletic.
1648J. Beaumont Psyche xi. ccvi, Smeared in 's bloody Agonistik Gore. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Agonistic amounts to much the same with athletic. 1857Birch Anc. Pottery (1858) II. 32 An Agonistic inscription..reading, ‘Damocleidas (was victor) in the horse race.’ 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 447 The many military and agonistic metaphors in his Epistles.
b. Zool. Pertaining to or designating animal behaviour associated with hostility between individuals.
1951Scott & Fredericson in Physiol. Zool. XXIV. 273/1 When fighting behavior is analyzed, it is found to be one of several patterns of behavior... Other common and closely related patterns are escape behavior, defensive behavior, and passivity... It is with this general group of behavioral adjustments, which may be given the name ‘agonistic behavior’, that this paper is concerned. 1970Nature 5 Dec. 960/1 After the capture of meat there were often agonistic encounters over its possession. 1980S. Afr. Jrnl. Sci. LXXVI. 415/1 The facial resultants of conflict between..tendencies..for attack and those for flight..are sometimes referred to as the ‘agonistic faces’. 1981Oxf. Compan. Animal Behaviour 13/2 Agonistic behaviour may also include activities that are not aroused in direct response to an opponent, but are more a matter of routine. The early morning song of many birds, and the scent marking of territory boundaries in mammals are examples of this.
2. Rhet. Polemic, combative, striving to overcome in argument.
a1660Hammond Serm. 589 (T.) The prophetick writings were not, saith St. Peter, ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως (I conceive in an agonistick sense) of their own starting or incitation. 1677Gale Crt. of Gentiles III. Pref., A thetic and dogmatic method, rather than agonistic and polemic. 1836H. Taylor Statesman xxx. 225 If knowledge be argumentative and wit agonistic, the society becomes an arena. a1857De Quincey Dr. Parr (Beeton) 241 As a scholar he was brilliant; but he consumed his power in agonistic displays.
3. Strained, aiming at effect; simulating strong feeling, tending to exaggeration of feeling.
1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 250 Agonistic posture-makings. 1864I. Taylor in Gd. Wds. 943 Long before the coming on of the modern agonistic paroxysm in literature.
Add:4. Physiol. Designating a muscle that is an agonist, and its mode of action.
1932Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. XIV. 7 In these cases the balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups is extremely labile. 1971H. O. Kendall et al. Muscles (ed. 2) i. 3/1 A comprehensive..knowledge of muscle function..must include a knowledge of joint motion, the origin and insertion of muscles, their agonistic and antagonistic action, as well as their role in fixation and substitution. 1989European Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. LVIII. 426/1 The reinforcement of dynamic force may be produced by the pre-stretch of agonistic muscles.
5. Pharm. Of or pertaining to an agonist (agonist n. 5); having the effect of an agonist.
1955Arch. Internat. de Pharmacodynamie et de Thérapie C. 308 The substance...has an affinity as well to the receptors on which the agonistic as to those on which the antagonistic effect is initiated. 1967Pharmacol. Rev. XIX. 464 Analgesics whose pattern of pharmacological and agonistic effects is similar to that of morphine. 1991Jrnl. Pharmacy & Pharmacol. XLIII. 857/2 Agonistic activity on the presynaptic dopamine receptors in the central nervous system in-vivo has been reported. |