| 释义 |
▪ I. gar, n.|gɑː(r)|
Also garr, guard.
[Short f. garfish.]
a. A fish of the Pike or Esox family of the genus Belone, having long bill-like jaws; the gar-fish or gar-pike.
1765J. Bartram Jrnl. 27 Dec. in Stork Acc. E. Florida (1766) 10 'Tis full of large fish, as cats, garr, mullets. 1791W. Bartram Carolina 145 Alligators and gar were numerous in the bason. 1849N.S. Wales, etc. xi. 99 The best kind of fish are guard, mullet, and schnapper. 1857R. Tomes Amer. in Japan vi. 136 The varieties of fish are not numerous. Among those taken in the seine belonging to the ‘Susquehanna’, there were..two varieties of perch, the gar, and the common ray. 1893Critic (U.S.) 7 Jan. 9/1 Thus charming days were passed..watching gars playing leap-frog with Brer Turtle [etc.].
b. A ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, having a similar general form but with rhombic scales. alligator-gar, a gar (L. tristœchus) with a head somewhat resembling that of an alligator.
1843Marryat Mons. Violet xliv, The alligator gar is sometimes ten feet long. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 32, I have seen the great armoured gar rise again and again for the air.
▪ II. gar, v. Chiefly Sc. and north. dial.|gɑː(r)|
Forms: 3–4 ger, 4–5 gere, 5 gerre, 4–7 gare, 6–8 garr(e, 3– gar.
[a. ON. ger(v)a, gør(v)a, gjǫr(v)a, geyra (Sw. göra, Da. gjöre) to make, do, etc. = OE. ᵹięrwan (also ᵹearwian) to prepare (see yare v.), OS. garuwian, gerwian, OHG. *garwjan (recorded form gar(a)wan; MHG. gärwen, gerwen, mod.G. gärben, gerben):—OTeut. *garwjan, f. the adj. *garwu- ready = OE. ᵹearo yare (cf. gare a.). The orig. sense of the Scand. verb ‘to do’, ‘to make’ (something), is rare in Eng. which chiefly employs ‘gar’ with the meaning ‘to cause’ (to do or to be done) agreeing with one of the uses of the vb. make.]
†1. trans. To do, perform; to make. Obs. rare.
a1300Cursor M. 13835 Vr halidai noght he for-beres, Bot mani dedes o þaim he geres. 1428Surtees Misc. (1888) 3 And so he gart yarof, als he graunted, ixxx peces & xij. 1457Nottingham Rec. II. 366 For garyng of iij. mals and nels. c1460Towneley Myst. (E.E.T.S.) iv. 104 Thi lufly chere makis my hert glad, And many a tyme so has it gart. 1662Kinross Witch Trial in Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. (1888) 231 He, being leading his father's peats..throo a heap of the said Janet Paton's muck, the said Janet said she should gar him alse good.
2. To make, to cause, in various constructions.
a. with simple obj.: To cause, to occasion. rare.
c1460Towneley Myst. (E.E.T.S.) ii. 44 Gog gif the sorow, boy; want of mete it gars. 1590Lodge Euphues' Gold. Leg. in Halliw. Shaks. VI. 67 Alas, said he, what garres thy grief? a1592Greene Jas. IV, i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 195/2 What gars this din of mirk and baleful harm. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Gar, to cause, to compel. ‘It gars me great pain.’
b. with obj. and active inf. (to usually omitted): To make or cause one to do something, etc.
a1300Cursor M. 17160 (Gött.) Oft þu geris mi wondis blede. a1340Hampole Psalter xix. 8 [xx. 7] Proude horsis þat will stumbill & gere vs breke oure neke. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 56 He cutte awey treuthe, And gert gyle growe þere. c1420Lay Folks Mass Bk., York Hours 43 Þai..gerte hym bere on his bak þe cros. 15..Chevy Chase ii. 15 in Percy's Rel., Many a doughete the garde to dy. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 310 Fals Fortoun..makis him to fall Doun fra the hicht, garrand him licht so law. 1589Peele Eclog. i. Wks. (Rtldg.) 561/1 Herdgroom, what gars thy pipe to go so loud? a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1829) 9 The earl..resolves to gar one devil ding another. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 101 My dady was harsh, My minny was warse, That gart him gae yont the sea. 1790Burns Tam O'Shanter 123 He screw'd the pipes and gart them skirl. 1816Scott Antiq. ix, But ye like to gar folk look like fools. 1878Cumbld. Gloss, Gar, to compel. ‘A'll gar tha gang.’ 1894Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 68 A dinnle in the elbuck that garred ye loup like a troot.
†c. with obj. and inf. pass.: To cause something to be done; to have something done. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 4870 Pharaon, þat all his will can gar be don. c1350Will. Palerne 2793 Greue þe nouȝt for goddes loue þat gart þe be fourmed. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iii. 8 Saynt Anne..wham saynt Helene gert be broght fra Ierusalem. 1469Plumpton Corr. 21 Also that you gar the malt be windowd. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxvi. 567, I shall gare theym bothe to be hanged. 1549Compl. Scot. 2 The actis that ȝour prudens garris daly be exsecut. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 50 Mount heigh vp through the air, To gar thy heat and beames be law and neir.
†d. with inf. (rarely preceded by to) simply: to gar do, gar make, etc.: To cause to be done, made, etc. Obs.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 64 Ageyn þe erle Godwyn he gert sette assise. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vi. 147 Gregorie þe grete clerk gart write in bokes The ruele of alle religious. 1429Test. Ebor. (Surtees) 420 Labour that he sall do and gar do for me. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. vi, He garte to vnarme hym and bete hym with thornys. Ibid. xx. xvi, I wylle founde & gar make an hows of relygyon. c1500Lancelot 2416 Euery thyng that In yhour myster lyis, I sall gar ordan at yhour awn dewys. 1570Buchanan Chamæleon Wks. (1892) 47 He sollicitat some previe men gar hang hir. a1615Cron. Erlis of Ross (1850) 20 He gart bigg two stone barns.
†3. To cause to go, to drive. Obs. rare.
1586J. Hooker Chron. Irel. in Holinshed II. 179/1 The erle..had not beene heard of since he was garred out of Harlo wood. 1611L. Barry Ram Alley v. in Hazl. Dodsley X. 363 By heaven I'll gar my whinyard through your womb!
4. Wrongly used for: To be amiss with, to ail.
1614J. Davies Eglog. Willie & Wernocke 8 What gars my Willy that he so doth wane? 1640King & Poor North. Man 209 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 301 What gares these bables and babies all? Some ill have they done that they hang by the walls?
▪ III. gar, int.|gɑː(r)|
= gad.
1598[see begar]. 1877Besant & Rice Harp & Cr. iv. 29 Gar! If I could crush him to powder beneath my feet. |