| 释义 |
ganglion|ˈgæŋglɪən|
Pl. ganglia. Also 7 ganglias, 8–9 ganglions.
[a. Gr. γάγγλιον a tumour under the skin, on or near tendons or sinews; used by Galen to denote the complex nerve-centres, and now chiefly employed in that sense.]
1. Path. A tumour or swelling of the sheath of a tendon. ‘Also, applied to an enlarged bursa mucosa’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885).
[1671Salmon Syn. Med. i. xlviii. 114 Γάγγλιον, Ganglion Lupia, a Wen.] 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Ganglia, things like the heads of mushrumps in the body. 1704F. Fuller Med. Gymn. (1711) 202 Let us but consider..the Cure of a Ganglion, a Tumour in a Tendon. 1791Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 45/2 A German woman..had several swellings or ganglions upon different parts of her head from one of which a horn grew. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 184 A ganglion is a small hard tumour..composed of a cyst..connected with a subjacent tendon, and filled with a fluid resembling the white of an egg.
2. a. Phys. An enlargement or knot on a nerve, forming a centre from which nerve-fibres radiate.
1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 369 In the Ganglia where they [the Nerves] are tied together. 1797Monthly Mag. III. 209 The ganglions are connected to each other, by a very slender medullary cord. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 328 All nerves rising from the spinal marrow..pass on their way through nervous knots, ganglia. 1851Woodward Mollusca 21 The points from which the nerves radiate, are enlargements, termed centres (ganglia). 1875Encycl. Brit. II. 273/1 Nervous System [of Arachnida]. This consists of ganglia or nerve-knots, formed by enlargements of longitudinal nervous cords.
b. Phys. A collection of grey matter (neurine) in the central (cerebro-spinal) nervous system, forming a nerve-nucleus.
1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) I. i. ii. 27 A mass of grey matter with imbedded vesicles— a nerve-centre or ganglion. 1879Calderwood Mind & Br. ii. 31 These represent the largest nerve ganglions of grey and white matter at the base of each hemisphere.
c. fig. (a) nonce-use. A point from which many lines diverge. (b) A centre of force, activity, or interest.
(a)1852Miss Fox Jrnls. (1882) II. 196 Meanwhile, what we each have to do is to endeavour to walk steadily in the path which we clearly see straight before us; and when we come upon a perplexing ganglion of paths, wait patiently and take our bearings.
(b)1828Sir W. Napier Penins. War (1878) I. 25 Thus linking his operations together, Napoleon hoped, by grasping as it were the ganglia of the insurrection, to paralyze its force. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. xi, A little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of immensity. 1850― Latter-d. Pamph. vii. (1872) 226, I see new ganglions of human population establishing themselves. 1882Stevenson Mem. & Portraits xv. (1887) 258 If Rawdon Crawley's blow were not delivered, Vanity Fair would cease to be a work of art. That scene is the chief ganglion of the tale.
3. Phys. A lymphatic gland.
1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 759 The lymphatic ganglia of the inferior extremities.
4. ‘Applied to the class of organs to which the spleen, the thymus gland, the thyroid body, and the adrenals belong’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1885).
5. Bot. A swelling on the mycelium of certain fungi.
1866Treas. Bot. 518 Ganglia, the mycelium of certain fungals. 1885in Syd. Soc. Lex.
6. Comb.: ganglion-blocking a., preventing the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse in a ganglion; ganglion-cell, -corpuscle, -globule, a nerve-cell in the grey matter of the central nervous system. Cf. ganglionic a.
1848Carpenter Anim. Phys. i. (1872) 77 These nerve-vesicles, sometimes known as ganglion-globules, may be regarded as originally spherical or nearly so in form. 1856–8W. Clark Van der Hoeven's Zool. I. 11 These ganglion-corpuscles are very dissimilar in form and size. 1865Pub. Opin. 21 Jan. 79 A current, originating in a ganglion cell, would possibly give rise to many induced currents as it traversed a caudate nerve cell. 1877Rosenthal Muscles & Nerves 105 Certain cell-like structures called nerve-cells, or ganglion-cells. 1951Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Apr. 775/2 When using ganglion-blocking agents..it is necessary to remember that the response to drugs and procedures affecting the blood pressure will necessarily be exaggerated, as the mechanisms maintaining a normal blood pressure are weakened. 1962J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man vi. 65 In the presence of one of these substances, which are called ganglion-blocking drugs, the acetylcholine when liberated is unable to stimulate the next fibre. |